Review for "Evolution of antigen‐specific immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Panahi ◽  
Danielle I. Stanisic ◽  
Christopher S. Peacock ◽  
Lara J. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Leishmania Parasite ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Outcome Severity ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation

Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites are known to cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in humans, collectively known as the leishmaniases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity largely driven by host immune responses, specifically the interplay between innate and adaptive immune response. The establishment of a T lymphocyte driven cell-mediated immune response, leading to activated phagocytic cells, leading to Leishmania parasite killing and control of infection. Alternatively, the Leishmania parasite manipulates the host immune system, enabling parasite proliferation and clinical disease. Here we review how the cumulative interactions of different aspects of the host immune response determines disease outcome, severity, and immunity to re-infection.

scholarly journals Profiles of Local and Systemic Inflammation in the Outcome of Treatment of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Navas ◽  
Olga Fernández ◽  
Carolina Gallego-Marín ◽  
María del Mar Castro ◽  
Mariana Rosales-Chilama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Neutrophil Activation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Biopsy Specimens

ABSTRACT The immune mechanisms that contribute to the efficacy of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to define immune correlates of the outcome of treatment of CL caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species during standard of care treatment with pentavalent antimonials. We conducted a comparative expression profiling of immune response genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lesion biopsy specimens obtained from CL patients before and at the end of treatment (EoT) with meglumine antimoniate. The ex vivo response of PBMCs to L. (V.) panamensis partially reflected that of lesion microenvironments. Significant downregulation of gene expression profiles consistent with local innate immune responses (monocyte and neutrophil activation and chemoattractant molecules) was observed at EoT in biopsy specimens of patients who cured (n = 8), compared to those from patients with treatment failure (n = 8). Among differentially expressed genes, pretreatment expression of CCL2 was significantly predictive of the therapeutic response (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.82, P = 0.02). Polymorphisms in regulatory regions of the CCL2 promoter were analyzed in a pilot cohort of DNA samples from CL patients (cures, n = 20, and treatment failure, n = 20), showing putative association of polymorphisms rs13900(C/T) and rs2857656(G/C) with treatment outcome. Our data indicate that dampening gene expression profiles of monocyte and neutrophil activation characterize clinical cure after treatment of CL, supporting participation of parasite-sustained inflammation or deregulated innate immune responses in treatment failure.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Immune Responses of Mice to Infection with Leishmania braziliensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. DeKrey ◽  
Hermenio C. Lima ◽  
Richard G. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACT Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis both cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, but the former kills BALB/c mice while the latter is killed by the mice. This killing of L. braziliensis occurred by a gamma interferon-dependent mechanism, potentially made possible by the observed lack of high interleukin-4 production.

scholarly journals Ursolic Acid Potentializes Conventional Therapy in Experimental Leishmaniasis

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Jéssica Adriana Jesus ◽  
Thays Nicolli Fragoso da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Seiji Yamamoto ◽  
João Henrique G. Lago ◽  
Márcia Dalastra Laurenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene with a broad array of pharmacological activities. In leishmaniasis, UA killed different species of parasites, and it was active in the experimental model of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the therapeutic efficacy of the conventional drugs amphotericin B (AmB) or glucantime (Glu) combined with UA in experimental visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. L. (L.) infantum-infected hamsters were treated with AmB alone or combined with UA. L. (L.) amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice were treated with Glu alone or combined with UA. Animals were treated for 15 consecutive days by intraperitoneal or intralesional routes. Following one week after the last dose, the tissue parasitism and cellular immune responses were analyzed. Hamsters treated with 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg of AmB plus 1.0 mg/kg of UA showed low hepatic and splenic parasitisms; however, AmB given as monotherapy did not reduce the number of viable parasites in the spleen of treated animals. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, Glu given as monotherapy was inactive at 2.0 mg/kg, showed mild activity at 10.0 mg/kg, and at 50.0 mg/kg was highly active at eliminating parasites in the skin. When animals were treated with Glu plus UA, higher leishmanicidal activity was observed in comparison to all groups treated with monotherapy schemes, and such activity was related to lesion improvement and upregulation of IFN-γ production. Altogether, data suggest that the association of drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis can increase the efficiency of the treatment and decrease the toxicity associated to the conventional drugs.

scholarly journals Cutaneous leishmaniasis: immune responses in protection and pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Scott ◽  
Fernanda O. Novais
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Distribution and turnover of Langerhans cells during delayed immune responses in human skin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaplan ◽  
A Nusrat ◽  
M D Witmer ◽  
I Nath ◽  
Z A Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Birbeck Granules ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Dermal Lesions

The changes in distribution and turnover of T6+ Langerhans cells (LC) in the skin during delayed immune responses to tuberculin, and in the lesions of tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous Leishmaniasis were investigated. In each situation, there was a dermal accumulation of monocytes and T cells and epidermal thickening with keratinocyte Ia expression. In the tuberculin response a dramatic change in the distribution of LC was observed. By 41 h, T6+ LC were displaced to the upper zone of the thickening epidermis followed by an almost complete loss of LC from the epidermis by approximately 72 h. After 7 d, T6+ cells started to reappear in the epidermis, which regained almost normal numbers of T6+ LC by 14 d. After antigen administration and initiation of the delayed immune response, enhanced numbers of T6+ cells appeared in association with the mononuclear cell infiltrate of the upper dermal lesions. Their numbers peaked by 72 h, were reduced at 7 d, and again enhanced by 14 d, when the epidermis was being repopulated. Similar numbers of T6+ cells were found in the chronic lesions of tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous Leishmaniasis but not lepromatous leprosy. The cells of the dermis were identified as typical LC by the presence of Birbeck granules and surface T6 antigen at the electron microscope level. These cells were closely associated with lymphocytes. We have quantified the number of LC, evaluated their directional flux into the epidermis and dermis, determined nearest neighbors, and made predictions as to their fate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of immune responses and analysis of the effect of vaccination of the Leishmania major recombinant ribosomal proteins L3 or L5 in two different murine models of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ramírez ◽  
Diego M. Santos ◽  
Ana P. Souza ◽  
Eduardo A.F. Coelho ◽  
Aldina Barral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Murine Models

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during Pregnancy, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Death: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya POKUTNAYA ◽  
Mohammad Reza SHIRZADI ◽  
Elham SALARI ◽  
Goudarz MOLAEI
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Immature Lung

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an emergent public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Reports of pregnancy complications are scarce; however, as the endemic range of CL expands in Iran, there is concern of possible detrimental effects on fetal development amongst infected mothers through placental transmission of the parasite or enhanced maternal immune responses. We herein describe the first known case of persistent anthroponotic CL, plausibly responsible for pregnancy complications, preterm birth, and neonatal death in a healthy Iranian primigravida woman. Diagnosis was based on physical examinations of the lesions on the back of both calves of the patient and laboratory analyses including direct smear, culture, and PCR. During active CL infection, the patient gave birth to a premature female neonate who passed three days post-delivery due to immature lung development and subsequent respiratory distress syndrome. This report highlights the challenges associated with CL infection during pregnancy, exacerbation of lesions, and subsequent complications.

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