Random dispersal of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Pinus densiflora branches

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368-1378
Author(s):  
Katsumi Togashi ◽  
Koji Matsunaga ◽  
Yoh Arakawa ◽  
Naoto Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Random Dispersal

Inhibition response of Pinus densiflora clones to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus systemic dispersal and their resistance to pine wilt disease

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Togashi ◽  
Hiroko Maezono ◽  
Koji Matsunaga ◽  
Satoshi Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clone Group

AbstractTo determine the relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal in Pinus densiflora, a suspension of 200 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was placed on the upper cut end of 5-cm-long, living or boiled branch sections of 17 clones of pine that had different resistance levels. Significantly more nematodes passed through boiled sections than living sections during 24 h. Living branches of the resistant P. densiflora clone group significantly suppressed the dispersal of B. xylophilus compared with those of the susceptible group, suggesting that the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal was involved in the resistance mechanism of selected disease-resistant pine clones. However, there was no significant correlation between the resistance class and the mean number of nematodes passing through live branch sections within the resistant clone group. The reason for the lack of correlation is discussed in relation with the resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals Diel Rhythmicity of Field Responses to Synthetic Pheromone Lures in the Pine Sawyer Monochamus saltuarius

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Junheon Kim ◽  
Young Hak Jung ◽  
Sang-Myeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Electronic Timer ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Control

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes lethal pine wilt disease (PWD) in Asia and Europe and has become a serious threat to global pine forest ecosystems. In Korea, Monochamus saltuarius transmits PWN not only to Pinus densiflora, but also to Pinus koraiensis, which is widely distributed across eastern Asia. The diel rhythmicity of M. saltuarius in response to its aggregation pheromone was studied with the aim of providing reliable data for the prevention of PWD and control of Monochamus spp. Using a spray dispenser controlled with an electronic timer, M. saltuarius pheromone and attractants (PA) were sprayed to determine the diel rhythm of the response to PA. The spraying period was divided into four time periods: 05:00–11:00 (time period A), 11:00–17:00 (time period B), 17:00–23:00 (time period C), and 23:00–05:00 (time period D). The largest number of M. saltuarius was caught in time period B, followed by A, C, and D. It could be concluded that the flight activity of M. saltuarius in response to PA was diurnal. The results of this study improve the understanding of the behavioral biology of M. saltuarius, allowing for the development of pest management strategies to prevent the spread of PWN and control its vector.

Resistance of an indigenous biological system against expansion of the invasive nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in cool areas of Japan

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Jikumaru ◽  
Katsumi Togashi
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen associated with pine wilt disease (PWD), an infectious disease of pine trees transmitted by cerambycid beetles of the genus Monochamus. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an invasive species, whilst B. mucronatus is a native congener and non-pathogenic to pine trees in Japan. To provide experiment evidence of the biotic and/or abiotic resistance to PWD expansion in a cool area of Japan, we inoculated B. xylophilus into healthy pine trees in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) stand with the indigenous pine tree-B. mucronatus-insect vector system before invasion of B. xylophilus in 1993 and 1994. Extremely cool air temperature with high precipitation and extremely high air temperature with low precipitation were observed in the summers of the 2 years of inoculation, respectively. The cool summer induced a low incidence of PWD and delayed disease development, resulting in the replacement of B. xylophilus by B. mucronatus within diseased trees and the emergence of Monochamus saltuarius beetles carrying B. mucronatus from the trees 2 years after the inoculation. The hot summer induced disease development in trees in the year of inoculation, but such diseased trees did not become infection sources because of the lack of M. alternatus, whose oviposition was synchronised with the period of disease development in pine trees. This study indicated that biotic factors were important in the inhibitory mechanism in a pine forest against the spread of PWD in the stand. Relevant biotic factors were the lack of M. alternatus and the presence of M. saltuarius carrying B. mucronatus.

Seasonal change in susceptibility of Pinus densiflora to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection, determined from the number of nematodes passing through branch sections

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Matsunaga ◽  
Katsumi Togashi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Individual Branch

AbstractPine wilt disease by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has been causing devastating damage to Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii forests in Japan. Reforestation using resistant trees is one of the most effective control measures. In this study we examined the seasonal change in the number of nematodes passing through 5 cm long P. densiflora branch sections during 24 h, to determine the season of greatest susceptibility when resistant candidates can be identified easily. We inoculated 200 nematodes of each of four B. xylophilus and one B. mucronatus isolate on the cut end of individual branch sections. The overall seasonal change in the number of nematodes passing was similar among the five isolates. Peaks occurred in August and between December and February for four isolates. A virulent isolate, T-4, exhibited remarkable fluctuations, with the highest peak in August, suggesting that a test in August with T-4 is most informative. Another study showed that the passage ability, which is a measure of the dispersal ability in branches, was low for eggs and second-stage propagative juveniles and high for other developmental stages. This indicates that the composition of developmental stages in the inoculum is important when comparing the numbers of passing nematodes obtained on different occasions and in different places.

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