scholarly journals Zfp1, a putative Zn(II) 2 Cys 6 transcription factor, influences Ustilago maydis pathogenesis at multiple stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Kitty Cheung ◽  
Michael E. Donaldson ◽  
Emilee R.M. Storfie ◽  
Kelsey L. Spence ◽  
Jessie L.O. Fetsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Multiple Stages

scholarly journals The Transcription Factor Rbf1 Is the Master Regulator for b-Mating Type Controlled Pathogenic Development in Ustilago maydis

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e1001035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Heimel ◽  
Mario Scherer ◽  
Miroslav Vranes ◽  
Ramon Wahl ◽  
Chetsada Pothiratana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Master Regulator

urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 7091-7100
Author(s):  
C Voisard ◽  
J Wang ◽  
J L McEvoy ◽  
P Xu ◽  
S A Leong
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Iron Starvation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Siderophore Biosynthesis

Ustilago maydis secretes ferrichrome-type siderophores, ferric-ion-binding compounds, in response to iron starvation. TA2701, a non-enterobactin-producing, non-ferrichrome-utilizing mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, was employed as a biological indicator in a novel screening method to isolate three N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced U. maydis mutants defective in the regulation of ferrichrome-type siderophore biosynthesis. These mutants displayed a constitutive phenotype; they produced siderophores in the presence of iron concentrations that would typically repress siderophore synthesis in wild-type strains. A 4.8-kb fragment of U. maydis genomic DNA capable of restoring normal regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the constitutive mutants was identified. This segment of DNA contains an intronless open reading frame that specifies a protein of 950 amino acids containing two finger motifs similar to those found in the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of this open reading frame in a wild-type strain gave rise to cells that produced siderophores constitutively. Genetic studies indicated that the disruption mutation was allelic to the chemically induced mutations, confirming that the structural gene for a regulator rather than a suppressor gene had been cloned. Northern (RNA) analysis of the gene revealed a 4.2-kb transcript that is expressed constitutively at low levels in wild-type cells. The data support the hypothesis that this gene, which we designate urbs1 (Ustilago regulator of biosynthesis of siderophores), acts directly or indirectly to repress biosynthesis of siderophores in U. maydis.

scholarly journals Modulation of NF-κB Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Autoimmunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity D. Herrington ◽  
Ruaidhrí J. Carmody ◽  
Carl S. Goodyear
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
Loss Of Tolerance ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Multiple Stages

Autoimmune diseases arise from the loss of tolerance to endogenous self-antigens, resulting in a heterogeneous range of chronic conditions that cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Western countries, over 5% of the population is affected by some form of autoimmune disease, with enhanced or inappropriate activation of nuclear factor (NF)–κB implicated in a number of these conditions. Although treatment strategies for autoimmunity have improved significantly in recent years, current therapeutics are still not capable of achieving satisfactory disease management in all patients, and as such, the therapeutic modulation of NF-κB is an attractive target in autoimmunity. To date, no NF-κB inhibitors have progressed to the clinic for the treatment of autoimmunity, but a variety of promising approaches targeting multiple stages of the NF-κB pathway are currently being explored. This review focuses on the current strategies being investigated for the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in autoimmune diseases and considers potential future strategies for the therapeutic targeting of this crucial transcription factor.

scholarly journals Regulation of Ustilago maydis Dimorphism, Sporulation, and Pathogenic Development by a Transcription Factor with a Highly Conserved APSES Domain

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
María D. García-Pedrajas ◽  
Lourdes Baeza-Montañez ◽  
Scott E. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Filamentous Growth ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Consensus Binding Site ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Null Mutants

In Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of corn smut, the morphological transition from yeast to filamentous growth is inextricably linked to pathogenicity; budding haploid cells are saprobic and, upon mating of compatible strains, the fungus converts to dikaryotic filamentous growth and obligate parasitism. The filamentous dikaryon proliferates in the host plant, inducing tumor formation and undergoing additional morphological changes that eventually result in the production of melanized diploid teliospores. In an attempt to identify new trans-acting factors that regulate morphogenesis in U. maydis, we searched for the presence of common binding sequences in the promoter region of a set of 37 genes downregulated in the filamentous form. Putative cis-acting regulatory sequences fitting the consensus binding site for the Aspergillus nidulans transcription factor StuA were identified in 13 of these genes. StuA is a member of the APSES transcription factors which contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-like structure. This class of proteins comprises critical regulators of developmental processes in ascomycete fungi such as dimorphic growth, mating, and sporulation but has not been studied in any fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota. A search for StuA orthologs in the U. maydis genome identified a single closely related protein that we designated Ust1. Deletion of ust1 in budding haploid wild-type and solopathogenic strains led to filamentous growth and abolished mating, gall induction, and, consequently, in planta teliosporogenesis. Furthermore, cultures of ust1 null mutants produced abundant thick-walled, highly pigmented cells resembling teliospores which are normally produced only in planta. We showed that ssp1, a gene highly induced in teliospores produced in the host, is also abundantly expressed in cultures of ust1 null mutants containing these pigmented cells. Our results are consistent with a major role for ust1 in regulating dimorphism, virulence, and the sporulation program in U. maydis.

scholarly journals Loss of the FOXP1 Transcription Factor Leads to Deregulation of B Lymphocyte Development and Function at Multiple Stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Dekker ◽  
Gisele V. Baracho ◽  
Zilu Zhu ◽  
Gregory C. Ippolito ◽  
Robert J. Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Development ◽  
B Lymphocyte Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multiple Stages

scholarly journals The Ustilago maydis Forkhead Transcription Factor Fox1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Genes Required for the Attenuation of Plant Defenses During Pathogenic Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zahiri ◽  
Kai Heimel ◽  
Ramon Wahl ◽  
Magnus Rath ◽  
Jörg Kämper
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Forkhead Transcription Factor ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Host Fungus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Complex Regulation

Ustilago maydis is a plant-pathogenic fungus that establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant, Zea mays. The pathogenic stage of U. maydis is initiated by the fusion of two haploid cells, resulting in the formation of a dikaryotic hypha that invades the plant cell. The switch from saprophytic, yeast-like cells to the biotrophic hyphae requires the complex regulation of a multitude of biological processes to constitute the compatible host–fungus interaction. Transcriptional regulators involved in the establishment of the infectious dikaryon and penetration of the host tissue have been identified; however, regulators required during the post-penetration stages remained to be elucidated. In this study, we report the identification of a U. maydis forkhead transcription factor, Fox1, which is exclusively expressed during biotrophic development. Deletion of fox1 results in reduced virulence and impaired tumor development. The Δfox1 hyphae induce the accumulation of H2O2 in and around infected cells and a maize defense response phenotypically represented by the encasement of proliferating hyphae in a cellulose-containing matrix. The phenotype can be attributed to the fox1-dependent deregulation of several effector genes that are linked to pathogenic development and host defense suppression.

Ztf1, an Ustilago maydis transcription factor involved in virulence

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
John Martin Velez-Haro ◽  
Domingo Martínez-Soto ◽  
Lorenzo Guevara-Olvera ◽  
José Ruiz-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ustilago Maydis

scholarly journals urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 7091-7100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Voisard ◽  
J Wang ◽  
J L McEvoy ◽  
P Xu ◽  
S A Leong
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Iron Starvation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Siderophore Biosynthesis

Ustilago maydis secretes ferrichrome-type siderophores, ferric-ion-binding compounds, in response to iron starvation. TA2701, a non-enterobactin-producing, non-ferrichrome-utilizing mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, was employed as a biological indicator in a novel screening method to isolate three N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced U. maydis mutants defective in the regulation of ferrichrome-type siderophore biosynthesis. These mutants displayed a constitutive phenotype; they produced siderophores in the presence of iron concentrations that would typically repress siderophore synthesis in wild-type strains. A 4.8-kb fragment of U. maydis genomic DNA capable of restoring normal regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the constitutive mutants was identified. This segment of DNA contains an intronless open reading frame that specifies a protein of 950 amino acids containing two finger motifs similar to those found in the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of this open reading frame in a wild-type strain gave rise to cells that produced siderophores constitutively. Genetic studies indicated that the disruption mutation was allelic to the chemically induced mutations, confirming that the structural gene for a regulator rather than a suppressor gene had been cloned. Northern (RNA) analysis of the gene revealed a 4.2-kb transcript that is expressed constitutively at low levels in wild-type cells. The data support the hypothesis that this gene, which we designate urbs1 (Ustilago regulator of biosynthesis of siderophores), acts directly or indirectly to repress biosynthesis of siderophores in U. maydis.

scholarly journals The High-Mobility-Group Domain Transcription Factor Rop1 Is a Direct Regulator of prf1 in Ustilago maydis

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brefort ◽  
Philip Müller ◽  
Regine Kahmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Mating Type Genes

ABSTRACT In the smut fungus Ustilago maydis, the pheromone signal is transmitted via a mitogen-activated protein kinase module to the high-mobility-group (HMG) domain transcription factor Prf1, leading to its activation. This triggers sexual and pathogenic development since Prf1 binds to the PRE boxes located in the promoters of the a and b mating type genes. Here, we present the characterization of rop1 and hmg3, encoding two additional sequence-specific HMG domain proteins. While hmg3 mutants are slightly impaired in mating and do form conjugation hyphae, rop1 deletion strains display a severe mating and filamentation defect and do not respond to pheromone stimulation. In particular, rop1 is essential for pheromone-induced gene expression in axenic culture. Constitutive expression of prf1 fully complements the mating defect of rop1 mutants, indicating that rop1 is required for prf1 gene expression. Indeed, we could show that Rop1 binds directly to specific elements in the prf1 promoter. Surprisingly, on the plant surface, rop1 deletion strains do form conjugation hyphae and express sufficient amounts of prf1 to cause full pathogenicity. This indicates the involvement of additional components in the regulation of prf1 gene expression during pathogenic growth.

scholarly journals Transcripts and tumors: regulatory and metabolic programming during biotrophic phytopathogenesis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Schmitz ◽  
Sean McCotter ◽  
Matthias Kretschmer ◽  
James W. Kronstad ◽  
Kai Heimel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Key Features

Biotrophic fungal pathogens of plants must sense and adapt to the host environment to complete their life cycles. Recent transcriptome studies of the infection of maize by the biotrophic pathogen Ustilago maydis are providing molecular insights into an ordered program of changes in gene expression and the deployment of effectors as well as key features of nutrient acquisition. In particular, the transcriptome data provide a deeper appreciation of the complexity of the transcription factor network that controls the biotrophic program of invasion, proliferation, and sporulation. Additionally, transcriptome analysis during tumor formation, a key late stage in the life cycle, revealed features of the remodeling of host and pathogen metabolism that may support the formation of tremendous numbers of spores. Transcriptome studies are also appearing for other smut species during interactions with their hosts, thereby providing opportunities for comparative approaches to understand biotrophic adaptation.

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