Strategies for severe drought survival and recovery in a Pyrenean relict species

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
Alba Cotado ◽  
Sergi Munné‐Bosch ◽  
Marta Pintó‐Marijuan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Drought ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Drought Survival

DROUGHT SURVIVAL OF SELECTED FORAGE GRASSES COMMONLY SEEDED IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAT O. CURRIE ◽  
RICHARD S. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Prolonged drought between 1979 and 1981 killed or severely reduced stands of a number of grass species presumably adapted and frequently recommended for seeding rangelands in the Northern Great Plains. The drought damage took place on recently planted as well as established 2 years or older seedings. Cultivars of the intermediate-pubescent wheatgrass complex were killed or most severely damaged. Damage was also severe on seeded stands of the native green needlegrass, western and thickspike wheatgrasses and big bluegrass. Crested wheatgrass was only moderately drought tolerant, but two cultivars of Russian wild ryegrass established well even with adverse moisture conditions in the seeding year. Altai wild ryegrass seedlings established well but did not survive the drought. An established stand of Vinall Russian wild ryegrass increased in basal area and produced leaf growth and seedstalks during the most severe drought periods. These periodic droughts are sporadic in occurrence but need to be considered in reference to species recommendations for range seedings in the Northern Great Plains.

scholarly journals Drought Survival and Recuperative Ability of Bentgrass Species Associated with Changes in Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Production

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DaCosta ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cytokinin Content ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Aba Content

Abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins are two groups of plant hormones that play important roles in regulating plant responses to decreases in soil water availability. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether species variability in drought survival and recovery for colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) were related to changes in ABA and cytokinin content. Plants of ‘Tiger II’ colonial bentgrass, ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass, and ‘Greenwich’ velvet bentgrass were subjected to two soil moisture treatments: 1) well-watered controls, irrigated three times per week; and 2) drought, irrigation completely withheld for 16 days. For recovery, previously drought-stressed plants were rewatered and irrigated three times per week to evaluate the recovery potential for each species. Drought stress resulted in significant declines in turf quality (TQ), shoot extension rates, canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), daily evapotranspiration rate (ET), and cytokinin content, and significant increases in ABA content for all three bentgrass species. Velvet bentgrass exhibited less severe drought injury, as exhibited by higher TQ, Pn, and daily ET rate compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Velvet bentgrass also had significantly less ABA accumulation, which could allow for continued gas exchange and sustained plant survival during drought stress compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Upon rewatering after drought stress, colonial bentgrass exhibited more rapid recovery in turfgrass growth and water use compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass. The higher recuperative ability of colonial bentgrass could be associated with its more rapid decline in ABA content and increases in cytokinin content compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass.

scholarly journals FIRST-YEAR FIELD PERFORMANCE OF 60 MICROPROPAGATED SILVER MAPLE CLONES IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 602d-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Huetteman ◽  
J.E. Preece ◽  
W.C. Ashby ◽  
P.L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Drought Survival

Four selected clones from each of 15 provenances were clonally micropropagated and established in plastic mulch in both upland and lowland plantations in southern Illinois. Despite a severe drought, survival in the field was 95%. The plastic mulch controlled weeds, reduced erosion, and supplemental irrigation was not necessary. Although clonal differences in field mortality were statistically significant, the lower survival of some clones may be attributable to plantlet size and planting technique rather than to genetic differences among clones. There was a longer growing season for trees from the midwest and southern provenances as evidenced by date of bud set. As a group, trees from the IL, IN, KS, and MS provenances set bud 26 days later in the upland site and 19 days later in the lowland site than the trees from the northern provenances of MN, NH, Ontario, and VT. The shorter growing season resulted in reduced height and caliper growth of trees from the northern provenances.

Comparison of four phalaris cultivars under grazing: drought survival and subsequent performance under rotational grazing versus set stocking

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Basal Cover ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
A Site

Four cultivars of phalaris were evaluated for their ability to survive a severe drought in 1994 in an existing grazing experiment at 2 sites near Canberra. The effect of rotational grazing and set stocking on persistence of phalaris measured as basal cover, pasture composition in spring and animal production from the pastures was assessed over the next 4 years. Basal cover of all cultivars declined sharply in 1994, but had recovered by August 1995 at a site with a relatively deep soil profile. Recovery was slower at a site with a shallower soil profile. Sirosa declined more in basal cover than Holdfast and Australian at the latter site. All of the cultivars survived the drought well but Sirosa may be more sensitive to overgrazing in drought. Compared with set stocking, rotationally grazed pastures had a higher (P<0.001) proportion of phalaris for all cultivars 2 years after management treatments began, and a higher (P<0.005) basal cover for 2 winter-active cultivars after 3 years. Overall, a divergent effect of grazing management on basal cover (management × year interaction) could only be demonstrated at P = 0.08 because of a large effect of site variation for another winter-active cultivar, Sirosa. Phalaris basal cover did not decline with set stocking and it was concluded that rotational grazing was beneficial, but not crucial, for the persistence of winter-active phalaris cultivars in this environment. Site factors and their manipulation by management were also important for the persistence of phalaris. A review of the persistence of phalaris over the entire 9 years of the grazing experiment concluded that all cultivars displayed good persistence under conditions of reasonable soil fertility. The importance of good establishment for a high presence of phalaris in later years was emphasised.

scholarly journals Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesselin Baev ◽  
Zdravka Ivanova ◽  
Galina Yahubyan ◽  
Valentina Toneva ◽  
Elena Apostolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Haberlea Rhodopensis ◽  
Mt Genome

Haberlea rhodopensis is a paleolithic tertiary relict species that belongs to the unique group of resurrection plants sharing remarkable tolerance to desiccation. When exposed to severe drought stress, this species shows an ability to maintain structural integrity of its deactivated photosynthetic apparatus, which easily reactivates upon rehydration. In addition to its homoiochlorophyllous nature, the resurrection capability of H. rhodopensis is of particular importance to the global climate change mitigation. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the mitochondrial (mt) genome of H. rhodopensis for the first time. The master circle has a typical circular structure of 484 138 bp in length with a 44.1% GC content in total. The mt genome of H. rhodopensis contains 59 genes in total, including 35 protein-coding, 21 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs genes. 7 tandem repeats and 85 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are distributed throughout the mt genome. The alignment of 20 plant mt genomes confirms the phylogenetic position of H. rhodopensis in the Lamiales order. Our comprehensive analysis of the complete mt genome of H. rhodopensis is a significant addition to the limited database of organelle genomes of resurrection species. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis provides valuable information for a better understanding of mitochondrial molecular evolution in plants.

Genetic improvement of drought survival ability in Phalaris aquatica L

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Oram ◽  
RD Freebairn
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The cultivars, Sirocco and Sirolan (or its predecessors) were found to be more persistent than Seedmaster or Australian under drought conditions on the South West and Central West Slopes of New South Wales (NSW). Survival of five cultivars and 150 half sib families through a severe drought at Temora was negatively correlated with the level of regrowth activity of the underground buds after summer rainfall (r = -0.25, P < 0.01). The families from which the parents of Sirolan were selected were as drought hardy as Sirocco, but regenerated more actively after summer rain. Reduced summer dormancy appeared to be advantageous for the establishment of PX 17 U, a predecessor population four generations removed from the 32 plants which produce breeders' seed of Sirolan, relative to that of Sirocco, when both were sown under a cover crop of wheat near Stockinbingal, NSW. In the second winter, the plants of the breeding population were larger and more frequent than those of Sirocco, apparently because they regenerated more actively in late summer and hence competed more successfully against the resident annual ryegrass population. These differences were still apparent four years later. Sirocco and Sirolan also persisted better than Sirosa and Australian phalaris and cultivars of tall fescue and cocksfoot through the 1980-81 droughts near Mendooran and Binnaway, NSW. Under favourable conditions near Canberra, Sirocco, El Golea, Sirolan and Sirosa were more productive during autumn and winter than Seedmaster. Sirocco and Sirolan appear to have somewhat different drought-escaping mechanisms, and the effectiveness of these systems for ensuring survival under different drought conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of the stolonkoil surface interface and plant morphology on the survival of white clover during severe drought

1994 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Brock ◽  
Moon Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Drought Survival

Field observations indicate that conditions at the stolen/soil surface interface are important for the survival of white clover (Trifolium repens) during drought. Mini-swards of clonal material of two contrasting white clover cultivars (Grasslands Tahora, small-leaved, densely branched; Dusi, large-leaved, tap-rooted) were established in boxes (300 x 420 x 290 mm deep) for 6 months, then subjected to a 6-week drought. Stolen/soil surface conditions were modified to have stolons either, 1) fully exposed, 2) shaded, or 3) buried. Numbers and, characteristics of surviving plants were measured. The major effect was on the number of plants surviving. More plants survived under shading (55%) than burial (25%) and full exposure (17%). Numbers of plants surviving drought was related to pre-drought plant density, hence Tahora had higher plant survival than Dusi, particularly when fully exposed. Although initially Dusi plants were 25 times heavier, with 5 times the number of stolons and roots of Tahora, surviving plants of both cultivars were small and similar in dry weight, although Tahora had higher numbers of growing points and roots thanDusi. The tap-rooted character of Dusi did not. confer any advantage during drought. It was concluded that the main factor influencing drought survival of white clover appears to be grazing management. Systems that can produce dense white clover populations and maintain high pasture density (grass) capable of providing shelter from direct solar radiation during drought stress, are superior. Keywords: drought survival, plant density, plant morphology, stolon burial, stolon shading, Trifolium repens

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic evaluation of the genus Asaccus Dixon and Anderson, 1973 (Reptilia: Phyllodactylidae) in Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Akbar Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Taxonomical Revision ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation

The Iranian species of the phyllodactylid geckos of the genus Asaccus are found only in the valleys of the Zagros Mountains, a region which represents an important area of endemism in western Iran. Recently, many relict species have been described from the central and southern parts of the Zagros Mountains, which were previously known as A. elisae. The recent descriptions of species within this complex suggest that diversity within the genus may be higher than expected and that its taxonomy and systematics should be revised. In the present study, phylogenetic relationships within the genus Asaccus were evaluated using two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene. Genetically, the genus shows high levels of variability. The molecular phylogeny of the genus suggests the presence of three main clades along the Zagros Mountains with the southern population (from the Hormozgan province) and one clade (A. sp8 and A. sp9) being sister taxon to A. montanus from UAE. The remaining samples are separated into two reciprocally monophyletic groups: the northern (Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Ilam provinces) and the central (Lorestan, Khuzestan, Kohgilouye-Bouyer Ahmad and Fars provinces) Zagros groups. The results of the present study suggest that populations attributed to A. elisae in Iran correspond to distinct lineages with high genetic distances. In brief, our results suggest that the genus needs a major taxonomical revision The Arabian origin of the genus has not been confirmed, because two populations from Zagros were located within the A. montanus, A. gallagheri and A. platyrhynchus clade. Further morphological analyses are needed to systematically define each genetic lineage as a new taxon.

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