Abstract
Recently, a collection of surface markers was exploited to isolate viable Lin− TdT+ cells from murine bone marrow. These early pro-B cells were enriched for B-lineage lymphocyte precursor activity measured by short-term culture and had little responsiveness to myeloid growth factors. Early precursors can be propagated with remarkably high cloning frequencies in stromal cell–free, serum-free cultures, permitting this analysis of direct regulatory factors. Expression of the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7Rα) chain marks functional precursors and IL-7 is necessary for progression beyond the CD45RA+ CD19− stage. Efficient survival and differentiation were only observed when stem cell factor and Flt-3 ligand were also present. IL-7–responsive CD19+precursors are estrogen resistant. However, B-lineage differentiation was selectively abrogated when highly purified Lin− precursors were treated with hormone in the absence of stromal cells. In addition, early stages of B lymphopoiesis were arrested by limitin, a new interferon (IFN)–like cytokine as well as IFN-α, IFN-γ, or transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), but not by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Lin− TdT+early pro-B cells are shown here to be CD27+AA4.1+/−Ki-67+ Ly-6C−Ly-6A/Sca-1Lo/−Thy-1−CD43+CD4+/−CD16/32Lo/−CD44Hi and similar in some respects to the “common lymphoid progenitors” (CLP) identified by others. Although early pro-B cells have lost myeloid differentiation potential, transplantation experiments described here reveal that at least some can generate T lymphocytes. Of particular importance is the demonstration that a pivotal early stage of lymphopoiesis is directly sensitive to negative regulation by hormones and cytokines.
Stromally Derived Lysyl Oxidase Promotes Metastasis of Transforming Growth Factor-β–Deficient Mouse Mammary Carcinomas