scholarly journals P5‐58: Efficacy of concurrent administration of tocilizumab with corticosteroids for patients with COVID‐19

Respirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (S3) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Administration

Development and Oral Bioavailability of Self-Emulsifying Formulation of Ketoconazole

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1858-1865
Author(s):  
Arundhati Bhattacharyya ◽  
M Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Pure Drug ◽  
Ph Dependent

Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug belonging to the class II of Biopharmaceutic Classification System. Maintenance of gastric acidity is essential for adequate dissolution and absorption of ketoconazole. Concurrent administration of antacid and antiulcer preparations decreases the oral absorption of ketoconazole often causing therapeutic failure.  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a self-emulsifying formulation of ketoconazole would be able to overcome the pH dependent dissolution and oral bioavailability. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was prepared after selecting the oil, surfactant and co-surfactant by solubility analysis. Optimum ratio of the components was finalized on the basis of drug content, self-emulsification and mean droplet diameter. The effect of pH on dissolution was studied in comparison to the pure drug. Oral bioavailability was determined in comparison to aqueous suspension in rats and the effect of co-administration of ranitidine hydrochloride solution and a commercially available liquid antacid preparation was studied. The optimized formulation containing 20% Capryol 90 and 40% each of Carbitol and Tween 80, exhibited 100% drug release regardless of the pH whereas the pure drug exhibited a highly pH dependent dissolution. The AUC0-24 resulted with oral administration of the SEDDS formulation was about 34%, 43% and 60% higher compared to the aqueous suspension when administered alone, administered with ranitidine and administered with antacid respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that self-emulsifying formulations can be utilized for oral delivery of weakly basic drugs like ketoconazole which exhibit pH dependent dissolution.

scholarly journals Self-serving social strategies: A systematic review of social cognition in narcissism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Narcissistic Personality

AbstractNarcissistic Personality Disorder is characterised by inflated self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. The interpersonal difficulties associated with narcissistic personality may be becoming more widespread given its increasing prevalence within the general population. This systematic review investigated the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and social cognition (i.e. theory of mind; emotion recognition; empathy; emotional intelligence) in clinical and non-clinical samples. Cognitive empathy (i.e. perspective taking) appears unlikely to be impaired, while affective empathy (relating to another’s emotion state) may be reduced in association with narcissism. Those with grandiose narcissism rate their empathic skills more highly than those with vulnerable narcissism, but concurrent administration of objective measures is rare, limiting insight into the validity of self-ratings. Rather than deficits in aspects of social cognition, the overall pattern could reflect motivation, or advantageous use of social cognitive skills to serve the self. Indeed, interpersonal strategies associated with narcissism (e.g. deception; manipulation) suggest the application of understanding another’s beliefs or desires in the context of low empathy. Further research should seek to explore performance on a wider range of emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks, and whether characteristics such as excessive jealousy and paranoia could reflect hyper-mentalizing.

Three new antihypertensive drugs: esbatal, envacar and vatensol

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Thiazide Diuretic ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Nasal Stuffiness

These chemically related drugs lower the blood pressure by blocking adrenergic neurones, and their effects resemble those of guanethidine and bretylium. Concurrent administration of a thiazide diuretic potentiates each of these drugs, thus allowing the dose to be reduced. As might be expected the greatest reduction in blood pressure normally occurs in the standing position, but symptoms of hypotension, such as faintness, giddiness and weakness occur if the dose is excessive or under conditions which potentiate the effect of adrenergic blockade, for example, on first rising from bed, in a hot environment, during and after exercise, and after blood loss. Other symptoms caused by adrenergic blockade, such as nasal stuffiness and failure of ejaculation are common. Impotence has been reported.

Ovarian steroid regulation of angiotensin II-induced water intake in the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. R90-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori R. Kisley ◽  
Randall R. Sakai ◽  
Li Yun Ma ◽  
Steven J. Fluharty
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Dose Dependent

Spontaneous water intake as well as thirst elicited by ANG II has been shown to be influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle in the female rat. In these experiments, the contribution of each of the ovarian steroid hormones to the regulation of water intake was examined. Ovariectomized female rats were given replacement doses of estrogen, progesterone, or both, and their responsiveness to an intracerebroventricular injection of ANG II was tested. Forty-eight-hour treatment with estradiol benzoate attenuated ANG II-induced thirst by as much as 70% compared with control animals. The effect of estrogen on drinking was dose dependent and could be completely blocked with concurrent administration of the antiestrogen CI-628. In contrast, progesterone, given alone or after estrogen, did not significantly affect ANG II-induced water intake when animals were tested at 4 or 24 h after steroid administration. A central interaction between the peptide hormone ANG II and estrogen, involving a genomic mechanism, may underlie the cyclicity in water intake behavior observed in the rat.

Reproductive responses of beef heifers after concurrent administration of vaccines, anthelmintic and progestogen

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stormshak ◽  
C.M. Tucker ◽  
W.E. Beal ◽  
L.R. Corah
Keyword(s):  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Concurrent Administration
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