Three new antihypertensive drugs: esbatal, envacar and vatensol

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Thiazide Diuretic ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Nasal Stuffiness

These chemically related drugs lower the blood pressure by blocking adrenergic neurones, and their effects resemble those of guanethidine and bretylium. Concurrent administration of a thiazide diuretic potentiates each of these drugs, thus allowing the dose to be reduced. As might be expected the greatest reduction in blood pressure normally occurs in the standing position, but symptoms of hypotension, such as faintness, giddiness and weakness occur if the dose is excessive or under conditions which potentiate the effect of adrenergic blockade, for example, on first rising from bed, in a hot environment, during and after exercise, and after blood loss. Other symptoms caused by adrenergic blockade, such as nasal stuffiness and failure of ejaculation are common. Impotence has been reported.

Influence of melatonin on blood pressure indicators with different severity of desynchronosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
M. G. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pressure Indicators

Purpose. To study the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) indicators under the influence of exogenously administered melatonin (Melatonin-SZ, Severnaya Zvezda, Russia) with various manifestations of desynchronosis of circadian BP rhythms (arterial hypertension – AH, high normal blood pressure) to determine the scheme of their effective compensation. Material and methods. The study included 101 patients with desynchronosis of circadian rhythms of blood pressure – 52 patients with hypertension, constituting the first and second groups, and 49 individuals with high normal blood pressure, representing the third and fourth groups. Patients of the second and fourth groups received conservative therapy, patients of the first and third groups combined it with melatonin. All patients underwent measurements of office blood pressure, home monitoring of blood pressure (ABPM), electrocardiography, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results and discussion. In patients of the first and third groups, compared with the traditional treatment groups, by the end of the observation period, a significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) / diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was established: in the first group compared with the second – 1.11 / 1.13 times, in the third group compared to the fourth – 1.43 / 1.58 times; significantly more (p < 0.05) pronounced decrease in SBP / DBP during DMAD – by 1.08 / 1.17 and 1.58 / 1.62 times, respectively, Significantly (p < 0.05) more pronounced decrease in average daily, average daily and average nighttime SBP / DBP during ABPM – by 1.13 / 1.20, 1.11 / 1.20, 1.23 / 1.25 and 1.47 / 1.31, 1.42 / 1.19, 1.54 / 1.41 times, respectively; reliably (p < 0.05) more frequent registration of the dipper rhythm type SBP / DBP – 1.6 / 1.4 and 1.6 / 1.4 times, respectively. In addition, the dynamics of patients in the first and third groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the mean daily and mean nighttime SBP / DBP variability (SBP in the first group by 27.3 and 41.3 %, respectively; DBP in the first group by 20.1 and 26.3 %, respectively; SBP in the third group by 13.5 and 25.2 %, respectively; DBP in the third group by 12.2 and 28.2 %, respectively). Conclusions. With various manifestations of desynchronosis of circadian rhythms of blood pressure (AH, high normal blood pressure), the prescription of melatonin (Melatonin-SZ, Severnaya Zvezda, Russia) at a dose of 3 mg per day 30–40 minutes before bedtime for a month against the background of non-drug therapy and antihypertensive drugs led to a significantly more effective decrease in blood pressure at its office measurement, DMAD, ABPM with an improvement in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and normalization of blood pressure variability.

THE USE OF MEDICINES IN TREATING HYPERTENSION IN HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2016 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Khoa Bao Chau Thai ◽  
Thi Hong Phuong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Target Blood Pressure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Key Words Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: Hypertension is a common condition in the world as well as in Viet Nam. If hypertension isn’t treated well, it can cause many serious complications. Controlling target blood pressure will bring positive effects on reducing mortality rate and also disabilities caused by diseases related to hypertension. Objectives: (1) Analyzing the use of medicines in treating hypertension. (2) Evaluating the effects of medicine usage in treating hypertension at the hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: 388 patients were diagnosed as having hypertension with inpatient care at the Cardiovascular Department of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy’s hospital, using cross-sectional descriptive study methods. Results: All antihypertensive drugs in the research were contained in the antihypertensive list recommended by Vietnamese Society of Cardiology. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker were the two most popular drug groups (96.6% and 71.4%, respectively). The rate of using multi-therapy regimens was higher than the rate of using uni-therapy regimens in both initial therapies (64.7%>35.3%) and final therapies (61.9%>38.1%). The rate of patients having interactions between antihypertensive drugs and the other kinds of drugs was 7.5%. The rate of patients having reasonable prescriptions was 84.3%. Evaluating the effects of medicine usage in treatments showed that the rate of patients reaching target blood pressure before leaving the hospital was 67.3%. Most patients were evaluated as having good prognosis after treatment, up to 81.7%. Conclusions: All antihypertensive drugs in the research were contained in the antihypertensive list recommended by Vietnamese Society of Cardiology. The rate of using multi-therapy regimens was higher than the rate of using uni-therapy regimens. The rate of drug interactions was quite low; most patients were evaluated as having good prognosis after treatment. Key words: hypertension, antihypertensive drugs.

scholarly journals Improved Cardiovascular Tolerance to Hemorrhage after Oral Resveratrol Pretreatment in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Jennifer Davis ◽  
Anthea L. Raisis ◽  
Claire R. Sharp ◽  
Rachel E. Cianciolo ◽  
Steven C. Wallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Renal Tubular

Resveratrol has been shown to preserve organ function and improve survival in hemorrhagic shock rat models. This study investigated whether seven days of oral resveratrol could improve hemodynamic response to hemorrhage and confer benefits on risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) without inducing coagulopathy in a canine model. Twelve greyhound dogs were randomly allocated to receive oral resveratrol (1000 mg/day) or placebo for seven days prior to inducing hemorrhage until a targeted mean blood pressure of ≤40 mmHg was achieved. AKI biomarkers and coagulation parameters were measured before, immediately following, and two hours after hemorrhage. Dogs were euthanized, and renal tissues were examined at the end of the experiment. All investigators were blinded to the treatment allocation. A linear mixed model was used to assess effect of resveratrol on AKI biomarkers and coagulation parameters while adjusting for volume of blood loss. A significant larger volume of blood loss was required to achieve the hypotension target in the resveratrol group compared to placebo group (median 64 vs. 55 mL/kg respectively, p = 0.041). Although histological evidence of AKI was evident in all dogs, the renal tubular injury scores were not significantly different between the two groups, neither were the AKI biomarkers. Baseline (pre-hemorrhage) maximum clot firmness on the Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) was stronger in the resveratrol group than the placebo group (median 54 vs. 43 mm respectively, p = 0.009). In summary, seven days of oral resveratrol did not appear to induce increased bleeding risk and could improve greyhound dogs’ blood pressure tolerance to severe hemorrhage. Renal protective effect of resveratrol was, however, not observed.

scholarly journals Baroreflex activation therapy for resistant hypertension: results from mid-term prospective ambulatory blood pressure registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sindt ◽  
T Madej ◽  
S Grimm ◽  
M Knaut
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Activation Therapy ◽  
Resistant Arterial Hypertension

Abstract Objectives First generation baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) devices showed clinical efficacy in patients with drug-resistant arterial hypertension (AHT), but the safety profile was insufficient. Data regarding efficacy of second-generation devices were generated mostly from office blood pressure (BP) measurements or short-term 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM). We present a mid-term prospective registry to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recent BAT devices. Purpose The purpose of our study was to find a method that helps patients with drug-resistant arterial hypertension to control their blood pressure. Further we sought to reduce the overall amount of antihypertensive drugs to lessen side effects, as well as the effects of polypharmacy. Methods All patients receiving Barostim neo between November 2013 and June 2019 for resistant AHT were prospectively included into this observational study. ABPM was performed at baseline, in 3-month intervals in the first year after BAT implantation and in 6-month intervals afterwards for up to 42 months. Patients were assigned into two groups of responders and non-responders. Non-responders had a mean blood pressure drop (BPD) below 5mmHg. Responders in turn were categorized into 3 sub-groups (low-BPD between 5–9 mmHg, medium-BPD between 10–19 mmHg and high-BPD ≥20 mmHg). The primary efficacy end-points were changes in systolic and diastolic BP and number of antihypertensive medications. The primary safety end point was BAT-related major adverse events (MAE). Results 64 patients (mean age 63 years, 67% males) were included. Only patients who completed a 24-hour ABPM during a follow up were counted in the statistical analysis. We had an overall responder rate of 67.8%. Out of those 15.4% had low-BPD, 38.4% medium-BPD and 46.2% had a high-BPD. Systolic BP decreased over the 3.5-years period from 168±17 mmHg to 149±19 mmHg (n=19, mean change −18.8 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −29.32 to −8.36; p&lt;0.0007). Diastolic BP decreased from 97±16 to 85±12 mmHg (n=19, mean change −11.7 mmHg; 95% CI: −19.2 to −4.2; p&lt;0.0021). The mean number of antihypertensive drugs was reduced from 6.9±1.3 to 5.2±1.5 (n=19, mean change −1.7; 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.27; p&lt;0.0009). The time course of primary end-points is shown in Fig.1. Freedom from BAT-related MAE was 93.5%. 4 perioperative complications (1 pocket bleeding, 1 pocket infection, 1 N. hypoglossus palsy, 1 hoarseness) resolved without residual side effects. There were five non BAT related deaths (7,8%) in the follow up period. Conclusion Systolic and diastolic ABP, as well as number and dosage of antihypertensive drugs decreased significantly during 3.5-years follow-up after Barostim neo implantation in 64 consecutive patients (of whom 62 completed at least one follow-up). No MAE associated with BAT were observed after the perioperative period. However, further controlled trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of BAT. Figure 1. Mean blood pressure drop Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Motamedi ◽  
Maryam Ekramzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Reza Homayounfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Abstract Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. Methods This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. Results Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68–0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64–0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.

scholarly journals Perfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure in exposed young population in the Veneto Region, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Canova ◽  
M Jare Zeddi ◽  
G Barbieri ◽  
M Gion ◽  
F Daprà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Large Area

Abstract Background Residents in a large area of the Veneto Region (North-Eastern Italy) were exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) via drinking water. Studies on the association between PFASs and blood pressure (BP) levels are limited and results are inconsistent. Using cross-sectional data from the Regional health surveillance program, we aimed to quantify the associations between PFAS serum concentrations and blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. Methods The study included 16,224 individuals aged 20-39 years. Pregnant women (n = 327), participants with self-reported diagnosis or under treatment (n = 296) or with missing information on the selected covariates (n = 114) were excluded, leaving 15,487 subjects. Hypertension (HYP) was defined as any self-reported diagnosis, use of antihypertensive drugs, or raised systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140, DBP ≥90 mmHg). Serum PFASs were measured by HPLC-MS. Generalized additive models were used to investigate the relation between each PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) ln transformed and by decile, and SBP, DBP, HYP, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Both SBP and DBP increased significantly with an increase in the ln-transformed serum PFASs concentration in a monotonic way. The predicted increase in SBP and DBP were 1.62 (95% CI = 0.69, 2.55), 1.64 mmHg (95% CI = 0.96, 2.31) from lowest to highest decile of PFOA. The associations were stronger for SBP in men and DBP in women. One unit increase in each ln-PFAS was positively associated with an increased odds of HYP in men: PFOA OR = 1.07 (1.01-1.14), PFOS OR = 1.18 (1.05-1.32), PFHxS OR = 1.11 (1.03-1.19), PFNA OR = 1.19 (1.01-1.41). Conclusions Our findings suggest that exposure to PFAS is associated with increased blood pressure and thus may contribute as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Key messages Serum PFASs were associated with raised systolic blood pressure in men and diastolic blood pressure in women in a large highly exposed young adult population. Serum PFASs were associated with raised prevalence of hypertension in men.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in the MADIABETES cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Salinero-Fort ◽  
F. J. San Andrés-Rebollo ◽  
J. Cárdenas-Valladolid ◽  
M. Méndez-Bailón ◽  
R. M. Chico-Moraleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

AbstractWe aimed to develop two models to estimate first AMI and stroke/TIA, respectively, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, by applying backward elimination to the following variables: age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, and use of antihyperglycemic drugs, statins, and aspirin. As time-varying covariates, we analyzed blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid profile, HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atrial fibrillation (only in stroke/TIA model). Both models were stratified by antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated 2980 patients (52.8% women; 67.3 ± 11.2 years) with 24,159 person-years of follow-up. We recorded 114 cases of AMI and 185 cases of stroke/TIA. The factors that were independently associated with first AMI were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 75 years) (p = 0.019), higher HbA1c (> 64 mmol/mol vs. < 53 mmol/mol) (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (0.90–1.81 mmol/L vs. < 0.90 mmol/L) (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (65–85 mmHg vs. < 65 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The factors that were independently associated with first stroke/TIA were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 60 years) (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (first year after the diagnosis vs. more than one year) (p = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (per each 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (3.88–6.46 mmol/L vs. < 3.88 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), triglycerides (per each increment of 1.13 mmol/L) (p = 0.031), albuminuria (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p = 0.01), and retinopathy (p = 0.023).

scholarly journals Impact of hospitalization for checking medication adherence due to resistant and refractory hypertension suspicious on short and mid-term blood pressure control

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pio-Abreu ◽  
F Trani-Ferreira ◽  
G.V Silva ◽  
L.A Bortolotto ◽  
L Drager
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Outpatient Visit ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Refractory Hypertension ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Medication Intake

Abstract Background Resistant (HR) and refractory hypertension (HRef) are associated with increased cardiovascular events and target-organ damage. However, appropriate HR and HRef diagnosis require good drug adherence. In this context, the “gold standard” method for assessing adherence is supervised medication intake. However, it is not clear the real utility of supervised medication intake in clinical practice. Purpose To evaluate whether hospitalization for confirming anti-hypertensive adherence in patients with HR and HRef may impact blood pressure (BP) control after hospital discharge in patients with HR or HRef suspicious at a tertiary outpatient clinic. Methods We recruited consecutive patients with HR or HRef suspicious admitted to the Hospital for confirming treatment adherence. HR was defined as uncontrolled office BP (≥140 and/or ≥90mmHg) despite using ≥3 classes at optimal doses (one of them being diuretic) or controlled BP using ≥4 classes. HRef was defined as no BP control despite using ≥5 antihypertensive drugs. Patients with suspected HRef who did not meet the criteria but full field the HR definition were named HRNoRef. During hospitalization, all patients used low sodium diet and had supervised taking of prescribed drugs by the medical team aiming BP control. We defined not only the rate of adherence and HF/HRef status but also BP and number of antihypertensive drugs at hospital discharge and in the two first return outpatient's visits. Results We studied a total of 83 patients with suspected HR/HRef (age 53±14 years; 76% females; pre-hospitalization systolic and diastolic BP: 177±28 and 106±21mmHg, respectively). Of these, 68.7% (57 patients) had suspected HRef in the outpatient clinic. The average number of antihypertensive drugs on admission was 5.3±1.3 classes. After hospitalization, the overall frequency of HR fell to 80% (66 patients). The average number of antihypertensive drugs at hospital discharge as well as systolic and diastolic BP was 4.5±1.3 classes, 131±17mmHg and 80±12mmHg, respectively (p&lt;0.001 vs. pre-hospitalization for all comparisons). Among the HR types, HRef was confirmed in only 27 patients (32.5%). During the outpatient follow-up, the patients remained with lower number of antihypertensive drugs as well as lower systolic and diastolic BP at first outpatient visit (mean returned time: 2.1±1.7months) and second outpatient visit post-discharge (mean returned time 7.1±2.6months) as compared to pre-hospitalization data: First visit: 4.3±1.2 classes, systolic: 152±24mmHg, diastolic BP: 89±17mmHg; second visit: 4.5±1.3 classes, systolic: 150±26mmHg, diastolic BP: 89±15mmHg; (p&lt;0.001 vs. pre-hospitalization for all comparisons). Conclusion Supervised medication intake during hospitalization may help not only to define the HR and HRef status but also to have impact on the number of antihypertensive drugs and lower BP values at short and mid-term follow-up. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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