scholarly journals Health Risk, Inequality Indexes, and Environmental Justice

Risk Analysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2661-2674
Author(s):  
Glenn Sheriff ◽  
Kelly B. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Inequality Indexes

scholarly journals Structural Racism as an Environmental Justice Issue: A Multilevel Analysis of the State Racism Index and Environmental Health Risk from Air Toxics

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila H. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

AbstractCommunities of color and poor neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to more air pollution—a pattern known as environmental injustices. Environmental injustices increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes among residents in affected communities. The structural mechanisms distributing environmental injustices in the USA are understudied. Bridging the literatures on the social determinants of health and environmental justice highlights the importance of the environmental conditions for health inequalities and sheds light on the institutional mechanisms driving environmental health inequalities. Employing a critical quantitative methods approach, we use data from an innovative state racism index to argue that systematic racialized inequalities in areas from housing to employment increase outdoor airborne environmental health risks in neighborhoods. Results of a multilevel analysis in over 65,000 census tracts demonstrate that tracts in states with higher levels of state-level Black–white gaps report greater environmental health risk exposure to outdoor air pollution. The state racism index explains four-to-ten percent of county- and state-level variation in carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic respiratory system risks from outdoor air toxics. The findings suggest that the disproportional exposure across communities is tied to systematic inequalities in environmental regulation and other structural elements such as housing and incarceration. Structural racism is an environmental justice issue.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

Chronicles from the Environmental Justice Frontline

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Timmons Roberts ◽  
Melissa M. Toffolon-Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice

1990 Los Angeles Women's Health Risk Study

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kanouse ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health
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