Is there any merit to the merit‐based immigration system? What Sub‐Saharan African immigrant labor and housing market outcomes tell us about U.S. economic and immigration systems

Non-cognitive skills, defined as individual differences that are independent of cognitive ability, are used within economics and policy to understand and improve labor market outcomes and reduce anti-social behavior. These measures are now being used in sub-Saharan Africa to capture “softer” outcomes of interventions with young people in particular. Having first defined non-cognitive skills and described how they are measured, this chapter then presents critiques relating to their relative insensitivity to culture and class. This argument as to the context specificity of non-cognitive skills is supported with qualitative and quantitative data generated with young entrepreneurs from Uganda and South Africa.

Incorporation of Immigrants and Second Generations into the French Labour Market: Changes between Generations and the Role of Human Capital and Origins

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v6i3.1453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 104-118

Author(s):

Yaël Brinbaum

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Second Generation ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Majority Group ◽

Majority Population ◽

Contextual Characteristics ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Gender

This article analyses the labour market incorporation of migrants and second-generation minorities in France. Using the 2013–2017 French Labour Surveys and the 2014 adhoc module, we focus on labour market outcomes—activity, employment, occupation and subjective overqualification—and measure the gaps between ethnic minorities and the majority group by origins, generation and by gender. In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind these gaps and explain ethnic disadvantages for immigrants, we take into account different factors, such as education, and factors linked to migration—duration of stay in France, language skills, foreign qualifications, nationality—with additional controls for family, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics. We also investigate the returns to higher education among second-generation minority members compared to the majority population. We show large differences by country of origins, generation and gender. Across generations, most minority members have made clear progress in terms of access to employment and skilled jobs, but ethnic penalties remain for the descendants of North-Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey. In contrast, Asian second-generation men and women encounter slight advantages in attaining highly-skilled positions. Controlling for tertiary degrees even increases the gap with majority members mostly in access to highly-skills jobs.

Sub-Saharan African immigrant women's experiences of (lack of) access to appropriate healthcare in the public health system in the Basque Country, Spain

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-019-0958-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Iratxe Pérez-Urdiales ◽

Isabel Goicolea ◽

Miguel San Sebastián ◽

Amaia Irazusta ◽

Ida Linander

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Public Health System ◽

Basque Country ◽

African Immigrant ◽

The Public ◽

Women’S Experiences ◽

Women's Experiences ◽

Sub Saharan