Association of Early Migration with Child Growth, Cognition and Behavior in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Christodoulou ◽  
Mary Jane Rotheram‐Borus ◽  
Panteha Hayati Rezvan ◽  
Robert E. Weiss ◽  
Mark Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
And Behavior

Personality and behavior prediction and consistency across cultures: A multimethod study of Blacks and Whites in South Africa.

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velichko H. Fetvadjiev ◽  
Deon Meiring ◽  
Fons J. R. van de Vijver ◽  
J. Alewyn Nel ◽  
Lusanda Sekaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Behavior Prediction ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Measuring HIV Risk Perception and Behavior: Results from Round 1 of the Cognitive Interviewing Project with young women and men who have sex with men in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2307-2318
Author(s):  
Jessica Milne ◽  
Hannah Brady ◽  
Thembekile Shato ◽  
Danielle Bohn ◽  
Makhosazana Mdladla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Hiv Risk Perception ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Perpetua Modjadji ◽  
Mpinane Pitso
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Current Tobacco

Tobacco and alcohol use among mothers is associated with numerous adverse consequences for affected offspring, including poor growth and development. This study determined the association between maternal tobacco and alcohol use, and malnutrition, among infants aged ≤ 12 months (n = 300), in selected health facilities situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Data on alcohol and tobacco use were collected using a validated questionnaire, in addition to mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Stunting (low height/length-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and thinness (low body mass index-for-age) were calculated using z-scores based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. The association of tobacco and alcohol use with stunting, underweight and thinness was analysed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a mean age of 29 years (24.0; 35.0) for mothers and 7.6 ± 3 months for infants, and over half of the mothers were unemployed (63%). Approximately 18.7% of mothers had used tobacco and 3% had used alcohol during pregnancy. The prevalence of current tobacco and alcohol use among mothers were estimated at 14.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and almost three-quarters (67.3%) of them were still breastfeeding during the study period. Stunting (55%) was the most prevalent malnutrition indicator among infants, while underweight was 41.7%, and thinness was 22%. Current tobacco use was associated with increased odds of being thin [OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.09–5.45), and after adjusting for confounders, current alcohol use was associated with the likelihood of being underweight [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–3.63] among infants. Future prospective cohort studies that examine growth patterns among infants who are exposed to maternal tobacco and alcohol use from the intrauterine life to infancy are necessary to inform, partly, the public health programmes, to reduce malnutrition among children.

SOUTH AFRICA 2016 – A COMING OF AGE: THEOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Barney Pityana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Ethical Reflections ◽  
And Behavior

This essay marks the maturing of South Africa's democracy since it was established in 1994. It raises questions as to whether the democratic dispensation has fulfilled what it promised, and it examines the reasons thereof. In essence it reasons that democracy has failed the people of South Africa because it lacks democratic accountability, and a firm foundation on the expressed will of the people. The theological and ethical factors in addressing the failings of a democratic system come into view. The essay concludes with an affirmation of the essential character of the church in promoting and defending justice in the world. One-dimensional thought is systematically promoted by the makers of politics and the purveyors of mass information. Their universe of discourse is populated by self-validating hypotheses which necessarily and mono-politically repeated, become hypnotic definitions and dictations... The products indoctrinate and manipulat; they promote a false consciousness that is immune against falsehood… This emerges a pattern of one-dimensional thought and behavior… Herbert Marcuse: One-Dimensional Man (1964)

scholarly journals Alcohol use amongst learners in rural high school in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thembisile M. Chauke ◽  
Hendry Van der Heever ◽  
Muhammad E. Hoque
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Parental Alcohol Use

Background: Drinking behaviour by adolescents is a significant public health challenge nationally and internationally. Alcohol use has serious challenges that continue to deprive adolescents of their normal child growth and development. Drinking is associated with dangers that include fighting, crime, unintentional accidents, unprotected sex, violence and others.Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate drinking patterns, and factors contributing to drinking, amongst secondary school learners in South Africa.Method: The sample included 177 male (46.6%) and 206 female (53.4%) respondents in the age range from 15–23 years, selected by stratified random sampling.Results: The results indicated that 35.5% of male and 29.7% of female respondents used alcohol. Both male and female respondents consumed six or more alcohol units (binge drinking) within 30 days; on one occasion the consumption was 17.5% and 15.9% respectively. It was found that alcohol consumption increases with age, 32.2% of 15–17 year-olds and 53.2% of 18–20 year-olds consumed different types of alcohol. It was deduced that 28.9% respondents reported that one of the adults at home drank alcohol regularly, and 9.3% reported that both their parents drank alcohol daily. It was found that 27.6% of the respondents agreed that friends made them conform to drinking. The tenth and eleventh grade reported 15.2% of male and 13.9% of female respondents were aware that alcohol can be addictive.Conclusion: This study found that age, gender, parental alcohol use and peer pressure were found to be the major contributing factors to alcohol use amongst learners Prevention campaigns such as introducing the harmful effects of alcohol use amongst learners are of utmost importance in reducing alcohol use amongst learners in South Africa.

Youth Violence in South Africa: Exposure, Attitudes, and Resilience in Zulu Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ewon Choe ◽  
Marc A. Zimmerman ◽  
Bashi Devnarain
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Adult Involvement ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Exposure to violence is common in South Africa. Yet, few studies examine how violence exposure contributes to South African adolescents’ participation in youth violence. The aims of this study were to examine effects of different violence exposures on violent attitudes and behavior, to test whether attitudes mediated effects of violence exposures on violent behavior, and to test whether adult involvement had protective or promotive effects. Questionnaires were administered to 424 Zulu adolescents in township high schools around Durban, South Africa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test associations among violence exposures and both violent attitudes and behavior. Victimization, witnessing violence, and friends’ violent behavior contributed directly to violent behavior. Only family conflict and friends’ violence influenced violent attitudes. Attitudes mediated effects of friends’ violence on violent behavior. Multiple-group SEM indicated that adult involvement fit a protective model of resilience. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for prevention.

Scaling sex attitudes and behavior in South Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Stillerman ◽  
Colin M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Sex Attitudes

New lower Permian nonmarine arthropod trace fossils from New Mexico and South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Braddy ◽  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Upper Carboniferous ◽  
Marine Facies ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Extinct Group

The Lower Permian (Late Wolfcampian) marginal marine facies of the Robledo Mountains Member (Hueco Formation) of the Robledo Mountains, New Mexico, contains a diverse ichnofauna dominated by vertebrate trackways. Four new arthropod ichnotaxa are described. Tonganoxichnus robledoensis new ichnospecies, consists of repeated small traces comprising imprints of anteriorly directed legs, an elongate tapering abdomen, and a thin tail. Hedriumichnus apacheensis new ichnogenus and ichnospecies consists of isolated small traces comprising imprints of laterally-directed legs, a broad tapering abdomen, and a short tail. Rotterodichnium major new ichnospecies is a large trace with imprints of the head and thorax, a long thin abdomen and three pairs of legs, increasing in length posteriorly. Quadrispinichna parvia new ichnogenus and ichnospecies consists of four diverging or sub-parallel linear or curvilinear imprints of approximately equal length.Tonganoxichnus, previously known from the Upper Carboniferous of eastern Kansas, is interpreted as produced by a jumping monuran (an extinct group of wingless insects). Hedriumichnus, known only from the Robledo Mountains, is interpreted as the resting trace of a nymph of a primitive Ephemeroptera or Plecoptera. Rotterodichnium, previously known from the Lower Permian of Germany, is interpreted as the resting trace of a large dragonfly-like form (Protodonata, Odonata, or Megasecoptera). Quadrispinichna, previously recorded but not named, from the Lower Permian Ecca succession of South Africa, is interpreted as a resting trace of a crustacean. These rare traces increase our understanding of the diversity and behavior of nonmarine arthropod communities in the Lower Permian.

scholarly journals Effects of Caregiver Depression and Behavior on Child Growth in Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M DiGirolamo ◽  
Usha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Lynnette Neufeld ◽  
Juan A Rivera ◽  
Rafael Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
Caregiver Depression ◽  
And Behavior
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