Risks of exposure to liquid laundry detergent pods compared to traditional laundry detergents in dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather G. Handley ◽  
Lynn Rolland Hovda
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent

scholarly journals Surveillance of paediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent pods in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Settimi ◽  
Felice Giordano ◽  
Laura Lauria ◽  
Anna Celentano ◽  
Fabrizio Sesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends.MethodsAnalyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan.ResultsIn comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a higher proportion of those exposed to pods (n=1649) were managed in hospital (68% vs 42%), had clinical effects (75% vs 22%) and moderate/high severity outcomes (13% vs <1%). Exposure rates were stable over time for traditional detergents (average 0.65 cases/day), but an abrupt decline in major company pods was seen in December 2012, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging (from 1.03 to 0.36 cases/day and from 1.88 to 0.86 cases/million units sold). The odds of clinical effects was higher for exposure to pods than for traditional detergents (OR=10.8; 95% CI 9.0 to 12.9). Among patients exposed to pods, the odds of moderate/high severity outcomes was four times higher for children aged <1 years than for the other age groups (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.2 to 7.0). Ten children exposed to laundry detergent pods had high severity outcomes while no children exposed to traditional laundry detergents developed high severity effects.ConclusionsThe study confirms that exposure to laundry detergent pods is more dangerous than exposure to traditional detergents. In Italy, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging by a major company, product-specific exposure rates decreased sharply, suggesting that reducing visibility of laundry detergent pods may be an effective preventive measure. Further efforts are needed to improve safety.

A Relationship between Market Share Elasticities and Brand Switching Probabilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph E. Bucklin ◽  
Gary J. Russell ◽  
V. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Brand Switching ◽  
Switching Matrix ◽  
Scanner Panel Data ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent ◽  
Heterogeneous Consumers ◽  
Scanner Panel ◽  
The Relationship

The authors derive a theoretical relationship between the aggregate market share elasticity matrix and the aggregate brand switching matrix on the basis of a logit model of heterogeneous consumers choosing among competing brands in a product class. Aggregate cross-elasticities are shown to be proportional (through a single scaling constant) to their corresponding aggregate row-conditional brand switching probabilities. Aggregate own-elasticities are shown to be proportional (through the negative of the same scaling constant) to one minus their corresponding aggregate row-conditional repeat purchase probabilities. An empirical analysis conducted on household scanner panel data in the liquid laundry detergent category shows that the theoretical correspondence holds as a very good approximation. An illustrative use of the relationship in estimating aggregate (store-level) models of market share indicates that the relationship helps improve predictive validity in a holdout period.

Brand Choice, Purchase Incidence, and Segmentation: An Integrated Modeling Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph E. Bucklin ◽  
Sunil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Purchase Incidence ◽  
Scanner Panel Data ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent ◽  
Marketing Variables ◽  
Scanner Panel

The authors develop an approach to market segmentation based on consumer response to marketing variables in both brand choice and category purchase incidence. The approach reveals segmentation as well as the nature of choice and incidence response for each segment. Brand choice and purchase incidence decisions are modeled at the segment level with the disaggregate multinomial logit and nested logit models; segment sizes are estimated simultaneously with the choice and incidence probabilities. Households are assigned to segments by using their posterior probabilities of segment membership based on their purchase histories. The procedure thereby permits an analysis of the demographic, purchase behavior, and brand preference characteristics of each response segment. The authors illustrate their approach with scanner panel data on the liquid laundry detergent category and find segmentation in price and promotion sensitivity for both brand choice and category purchase incidence. The results suggest that many households that switch brands on the basis of price and promotion do not also accelerate their category purchases and that households that accelerate purchases do not necessarily switch brands.

An Overview of the Use of XRD as a Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Margaret M. King ◽  
Evelyn M. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Laundry Products ◽  
Detergent Builders ◽  
Competitive Product

Manufacturers of household laundry products and laundry detergent builders want to know the exact formularies used in prospective customers' and competitive product lines. No convenient source exists for this information because published formularies are numerous and differ widely, (See Table 1.)

scholarly journals Enhancing Patient Compliance for Usage of Laundry Detergents Free of Dyes and Perfumes: Potential Impact of Better Cleaning Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B Johnson ◽  
Elaine Cella ◽  
Amanda Pessler ◽  
Dan B Dillard ◽  
Andy Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Reported Data

Sensitive skin, an often self-reported condition, is characterized by an unpleasant sensory experience to a variety of consumer products. Certain ingredients in consumer products, such fragrances and dyes, are believed to exacerbate skin sensitivities. Due to an increased prevalence of people reporting sensitive skin, a variety of consumer products are formulated for people with this condition. A segment of commercially marketed laundry detergents, commonly known as free detergents, have been formulated without dyes and perfumes to accommodate skin sensitivities. In the US and Canada respectively, 80% and 97% of dermatologist recommend the use of free detergents for their patients with sensitive skin. However, consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with free detergents, with 39% reporting they are not satisfied with their free detergent’s cleaning performance. When people switch from the leading free laundry detergent, they will switch to a non-free detergent 60% of the time, going against dermatologist recommendations and potentially further aggravating their skin sensitivities. Recently, a survey of US households with sensitive skin showed that 98.8% said that they would be more likely to consistently use a detergent that cleans better. Herein are reported data showing Tide Pods Free & Gentle outperformed other free detergents in cleaning across a wide variety of laundry stains and in SEM visual analysis of soil residues on fibers.  It is postulated that the better cleaning detergent may help drive patient compliance with dermatologist recommendations for usage of a free detergent for their patients with sensitive skin.

scholarly journals The Role of Laundry Detergents in the Elements of Skin Pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdong Wei ◽  
Markus Reinholz ◽  
Lars E. French ◽  
Benjamin M. Clanner-Engelshofen
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Bleach Activator ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Skin Pathogen

Abstract Background: The Corona pandemic fuelled up skin pathogen challenges in young and adults, the antimicrobial efficacy of laundry detergents could be considered particularly. However, no available data focusing on the form of laundry detergent, additives and conditions affect the antimicrobial efficacy. This study simulated washing procedures to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of laundry detergents.Methods and Results: Mimic laundry procedures were performed to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungus, colony counting and propidium iodide staining were used to assess the antimicrobial activity. Powder detergent A, NaBO3*4H2O with the tetraacetylethylenediamine, 2Na2co3.3H2O with tetraacetylethylenediamine could achieve a > 5-log10 reduction of three microbial colony generation. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) group had the strongest fluorescence intensity in three microbial propidium iodide staining.Conclusions: Powder form laundry detergents are superior to liquid form, peroxide-based bleaches and bleach activator in solid form, the solid surfactants with matched PH and alkyl chain length showed a considerable antimicrobial effect.

Investigation of Color Instability in a Liquid Laundry Detergent

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-847
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Missler ◽  
Douglas J. Vredeveld ◽  
Eric D. Westrate ◽  
Philip G. Sliva ◽  
Steven J. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent
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