scholarly journals The Role of Laundry Detergents in the Elements of Skin Pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdong Wei ◽  
Markus Reinholz ◽  
Lars E. French ◽  
Benjamin M. Clanner-Engelshofen
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Bleach Activator ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Skin Pathogen

Abstract Background: The Corona pandemic fuelled up skin pathogen challenges in young and adults, the antimicrobial efficacy of laundry detergents could be considered particularly. However, no available data focusing on the form of laundry detergent, additives and conditions affect the antimicrobial efficacy. This study simulated washing procedures to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of laundry detergents.Methods and Results: Mimic laundry procedures were performed to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungus, colony counting and propidium iodide staining were used to assess the antimicrobial activity. Powder detergent A, NaBO3*4H2O with the tetraacetylethylenediamine, 2Na2co3.3H2O with tetraacetylethylenediamine could achieve a > 5-log10 reduction of three microbial colony generation. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) group had the strongest fluorescence intensity in three microbial propidium iodide staining.Conclusions: Powder form laundry detergents are superior to liquid form, peroxide-based bleaches and bleach activator in solid form, the solid surfactants with matched PH and alkyl chain length showed a considerable antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Bacteriostatic Poly(L-Lactide) by Using Zinc (II)[(acac)(L)H2O] (L = Aminoacid-Based Chelate Ligands) as an Effective ROP Initiator

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6950
Author(s):  
Renata Barczyńska-Felusiak ◽  
Małgorzata Pastusiak ◽  
Piotr Rychter ◽  
Bożena Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Michał Sobota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Acetylacetonate Complex ◽  
Distorted Trigonal Bipyramid ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The paper presents a synthesis of poly(l-lactide) with bacteriostatic properties. This polymer was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of the lactide initiated by selected low-toxic zinc complexes, Zn[(acac)(L)H2O], where L represents N-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene) tryptophan or N-(2-pyridin-4-ylethylidene) phenylalanine. These complexes were obtained by reaction of Zn[(acac)2 H2O] and Schiff bases, , the products of the condensation of amino acids and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The composition, structure, and geometry of the synthesized complexes were determined by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and molecular modeling. Both complexes showed the geometry of a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of both complexes were found to be much stronger than those of the primary Schiff bases. The present study showed a higher efficiency of polymerization when initiated by the obtained zinc complexes than when initiated by the zinc(II) acetylacetonate complex. The synthesized polylactide showed antibacterial properties, especially the product obtained by polymerization initiated by a zinc(II) complex with a ligand based on l-phenylalanine. The polylactide showed a particularly strong antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. At the same time, this polymer does not exhibit fibroblast cytotoxicity.

High‐Throughput Cytotoxicity Screening by Propidium Iodide Staining

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Edwards ◽  
Irena Ivnitski‐Steele ◽  
Susan M. Young ◽  
Virginia M. Salas ◽  
Larry A. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5107
Author(s):  
Hetal Ashvin Kumar Mavani ◽  
In Meei Tew ◽  
Lishen Wong ◽  
Hsu Zenn Yew ◽  
Alida Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The One

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), an effective endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF), is harmful to periapical tissues. Natural pineapple-orange eco-enzymes (M-EE) and papaya eco-enzyme (P-EE) could be potential alternatives. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M-EE and P-EE at different concentrations and fermentation periods against EF, compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Fermented M-EE and P-EE (3 and 6 months) at various concentrations were mixed with EF in a 96-well plate incubated for 24 h anaerobically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-EE and P-EE were determined via EF growth observation. EF inhibition was quantitatively measured and compared between different irrigants using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and different fermentation periods using the independent-samples T-test. M-EE and P-EE showed MIC at 50% and MBC at 100% concentrations. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect when comparing M-EE and P-EE at 50% and 100% to 2.5% NaOCl. P-EE at 6 months fermentation exhibited higher EF inhibition compared to 3 months at concentrations of 25% (p = 0.017) and 0.78% (p = 0.009). The antimicrobial properties of M-EE and P-EE, at both 100% and 50% concentrations, are comparable to 2.5% NaOCl. They could therefore be potential alternative endodontic irrigants, but further studies are required.

Annexin V staining during reperfusion detects cardiomyocytes with unique properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. H1931-H1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Narayan ◽  
Robert M. Mentzer ◽  
Robert D. Lasley
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Simulated Ischemia ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Membrane Blebs ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

With the use of markers of sarcolemmal membrane permeability, cardiomyocyte models of ischemic injury have primarily addressed necrotic death during ischemia. In the present study, we used annexin V-propidium iodide staining to examine apoptosis and necrosis after simulated ischemia and simulated reperfusion in rat ventricular myocytes. Annexin V binds phosphatidylserine, a phosphoaminolipid thought to be externalized during apoptosis or programmed cell death. Propidium iodide is a marker of cell necrosis. Under baseline conditions, <1% of cardiomyocytes stained positive for annexin V. After 20 or 60 min of simulated ischemia, there was no increase in annexin V staining, although 60-min simulated ischemia resulted in significant propidium iodide staining. Twenty minutes of simulated ischemia, followed by 20 or 60 min of simulated reperfusion, resulted in 8–10% of myocytes staining positive for annexin V. Annexin V-positive cells retained both rod-shaped morphology and contractile function but exhibited the decreased cell width indicative of cell shrinkage. Baseline mitochondrial free Ca2+(111 ± 14 nM) was elevated in reperfused annexin V-negative cells (214 ± 22 nM), and further elevated in annexin V-positive myocytes (382 ± 9 nM). After 60 min of simulated reperfusion, caspase-3-like activity was observed in ∼3% of myocytes, which had a rounded appearance and membrane blebs. These results suggest that the use of annexin V after simulated ischemia-reperfusion uncovers a population of cardiomyocytes whose characteristics appear to be consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis.

An Overview of the Use of XRD as a Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Margaret M. King ◽  
Evelyn M. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Laundry Products ◽  
Detergent Builders ◽  
Competitive Product

Manufacturers of household laundry products and laundry detergent builders want to know the exact formularies used in prospective customers' and competitive product lines. No convenient source exists for this information because published formularies are numerous and differ widely, (See Table 1.)

A comparison of fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide staining andin vitroexcystation for determiningGiardia intestinaliscyst viability

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Smith ◽  
H. V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Fluorescent Indicators ◽  
Vital Dyes ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Cyst Viability

SummaryThe viability of 4 human isolates ofGiardia intestinaliscysts using either the fluorogenic vital dyes fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) orin vitroexcystation was assessed. Whereas viable cysts, as defined byin vitroexcystation were present in each of the 4 isolates, cysts from only 3 of the 4 isolates took up the vital dyes. FDA consistently over-estimated cyst viability whilst PI under-estimated non-viable cysts when compared within vitroexcystation. Followingin vitroexcystation, both FDA and PI stained a proportion of unexcysted cysts indicating that FDA stained cysts which were incapable of excystation, whereas PI did not stain all cysts which were incapable of excystation. One human cyst isolate, which underwentin vitroexcystation, could not be stained with either FDA or PI. In the absence of currently more specific fluorescent indicators of viability, PI alone could be used to determine the lower limit of nonviability in positive water-related samples, where small numbers of cysts are to be expected.

Detection of Apoptotic Cells Using Propidium Iodide Staining

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot082545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Newbold ◽  
Ben P. Martin ◽  
Carleen Cullinane ◽  
Michael Bots
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining

scholarly journals Microampere electric currents caused bacterial membrane damage and two-way leakage in short time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Krishnamurthi ◽  
A Rogers ◽  
J Peifer ◽  
I Niyonshuti ◽  
J Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Localization Microscopy ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy

AbstractPhysical agents such as low electric voltages and currents have recently gained attention for antimicrobial treatment due to their bactericidal capability. Although microampere electric currents were shown to suppress the growth of bacteria, it remains unclear to what extent the microampere currents damage bacterial membrane. Here, we investigated the membrane damage and two-way leakage caused by microampere electric currents (≤ 100 μA) in a short time (30 min). Based on MitoTracker staining, propidium iodide staining, filtration assays, and quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy, we found that microampere electric currents caused significant membrane damages and allowed two-way leakages of ions, small molecules and proteins. This study paves the way to new development and antibiotic applications of ultra-low electric voltages and currents.Statement of SignificancePrevious studies showed that treating bacteria with milliampere electric currents for 72 hours led to significant damages of the bacterial membrane. However, it remains unclear to what extent membrane damages and two-way (i.e. inward and outward) leakages are caused by lower electric currents in a shorter time. In this work, we set out to answer this question. We carried out several assays on the bacteria treated by microampere electric currents of ≤ 100 μA for 30 min, including MitoTracker staining, propidium iodide staining, filtration assays, and quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy. We found and quantified that the membrane damages were caused by microampere electric currents in half an hour and allowed two-way leakages of ions, small molecules, and proteins.

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