An Overview of the Use of XRD as a Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Margaret M. King ◽  
Evelyn M. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Laundry Products ◽  
Detergent Builders ◽  
Competitive Product

Manufacturers of household laundry products and laundry detergent builders want to know the exact formularies used in prospective customers' and competitive product lines. No convenient source exists for this information because published formularies are numerous and differ widely, (See Table 1.)

scholarly journals Enhancing Patient Compliance for Usage of Laundry Detergents Free of Dyes and Perfumes: Potential Impact of Better Cleaning Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B Johnson ◽  
Elaine Cella ◽  
Amanda Pessler ◽  
Dan B Dillard ◽  
Andy Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Reported Data

Sensitive skin, an often self-reported condition, is characterized by an unpleasant sensory experience to a variety of consumer products. Certain ingredients in consumer products, such fragrances and dyes, are believed to exacerbate skin sensitivities. Due to an increased prevalence of people reporting sensitive skin, a variety of consumer products are formulated for people with this condition. A segment of commercially marketed laundry detergents, commonly known as free detergents, have been formulated without dyes and perfumes to accommodate skin sensitivities. In the US and Canada respectively, 80% and 97% of dermatologist recommend the use of free detergents for their patients with sensitive skin. However, consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with free detergents, with 39% reporting they are not satisfied with their free detergent’s cleaning performance. When people switch from the leading free laundry detergent, they will switch to a non-free detergent 60% of the time, going against dermatologist recommendations and potentially further aggravating their skin sensitivities. Recently, a survey of US households with sensitive skin showed that 98.8% said that they would be more likely to consistently use a detergent that cleans better. Herein are reported data showing Tide Pods Free & Gentle outperformed other free detergents in cleaning across a wide variety of laundry stains and in SEM visual analysis of soil residues on fibers.  It is postulated that the better cleaning detergent may help drive patient compliance with dermatologist recommendations for usage of a free detergent for their patients with sensitive skin.

scholarly journals The Role of Laundry Detergents in the Elements of Skin Pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdong Wei ◽  
Markus Reinholz ◽  
Lars E. French ◽  
Benjamin M. Clanner-Engelshofen
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Bleach Activator ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Skin Pathogen

Abstract Background: The Corona pandemic fuelled up skin pathogen challenges in young and adults, the antimicrobial efficacy of laundry detergents could be considered particularly. However, no available data focusing on the form of laundry detergent, additives and conditions affect the antimicrobial efficacy. This study simulated washing procedures to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of laundry detergents.Methods and Results: Mimic laundry procedures were performed to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungus, colony counting and propidium iodide staining were used to assess the antimicrobial activity. Powder detergent A, NaBO3*4H2O with the tetraacetylethylenediamine, 2Na2co3.3H2O with tetraacetylethylenediamine could achieve a > 5-log10 reduction of three microbial colony generation. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) group had the strongest fluorescence intensity in three microbial propidium iodide staining.Conclusions: Powder form laundry detergents are superior to liquid form, peroxide-based bleaches and bleach activator in solid form, the solid surfactants with matched PH and alkyl chain length showed a considerable antimicrobial effect.

Competitive product lines with quality constraints

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Schmidt-Mohr ◽  
J. Miguel Villas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Product Lines ◽  
Competitive Product

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of some Bangladeshi detergents

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
A Sarkar ◽  
T Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
The World

Laundry detergents are widely used in domestic, industry and other sectors everyday all over the world. It consists of different chemical components; surfactants, phosphate, builders, bleaches, optical brighteners, anti-redepositing agents, enzyme, perfume and color. Among these ingredients, surfactants and phosphate are considered as hazardous materials. With this view, composition, critical micelle concentration, and dissolved oxygen (DO) level in aqueous solution of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh such as Chaka, Keya, Rin, Jet and Smart were determined and try to analyzed the chemical contribution of laundry detergents to pollute the environment. For Smart and Rin, the surfactant and phosphate amount were maximum, while it was minimum in Chaka and Jet respectively. The DO level was minimum in Smart and maximum in Jet. The results indicated that Jet is the effective laundry detergent in both cleaning and environmental aspect.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 321-324, 2017

scholarly journals Surveillance of paediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent pods in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Settimi ◽  
Felice Giordano ◽  
Laura Lauria ◽  
Anna Celentano ◽  
Fabrizio Sesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends.MethodsAnalyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan.ResultsIn comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a higher proportion of those exposed to pods (n=1649) were managed in hospital (68% vs 42%), had clinical effects (75% vs 22%) and moderate/high severity outcomes (13% vs <1%). Exposure rates were stable over time for traditional detergents (average 0.65 cases/day), but an abrupt decline in major company pods was seen in December 2012, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging (from 1.03 to 0.36 cases/day and from 1.88 to 0.86 cases/million units sold). The odds of clinical effects was higher for exposure to pods than for traditional detergents (OR=10.8; 95% CI 9.0 to 12.9). Among patients exposed to pods, the odds of moderate/high severity outcomes was four times higher for children aged <1 years than for the other age groups (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.2 to 7.0). Ten children exposed to laundry detergent pods had high severity outcomes while no children exposed to traditional laundry detergents developed high severity effects.ConclusionsThe study confirms that exposure to laundry detergent pods is more dangerous than exposure to traditional detergents. In Italy, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging by a major company, product-specific exposure rates decreased sharply, suggesting that reducing visibility of laundry detergent pods may be an effective preventive measure. Further efforts are needed to improve safety.

Improvement of washing properties of liquid laundry detergents by modification with N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate sulfobetaine

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kalak ◽  
Krzysztof Gąsior ◽  
Daria Wieczorek ◽  
Ryszard Cierpiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Foaming Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Color Form

Detergency of commercial liquid detergents before and after modification with SB3C16 (5%, m/m) sulfobetaine (N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) was examined using colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was used in washing tests under the following experimental conditions: the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/L, 30 min washing cycle, water hardness 5.35 mval/L, 40℃, 200 rpm. Results of physicochemical analysis of color, form, odor, pH, viscosity, density and content of anionic surfactants in detergents, as well as construction parameters of tested cotton fabrics, showed compliance with the requirements of standards and manufacturers’ declarations. The studies revealed that increasing the concentration of laundry detergent solutions caused a gradual increase in foaming power and detergency. Modification with SB3C16 positively improved washing ability and the maximum values were achieved at 23.7% (m-L1, 50 g/L) and 37% (m-L2, 40–45 g/L), respectively. Detergency efficiency was improved by 6.86% (m-L1) and 10.72% (m-L2) on average. EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing were subjected to microscopic observations, which showed no serious damage to the fibers, but only slight loosening of individual fibers. In summary, the results clearly indicate that SB3C16 sulfobetaine favorably improves washing performance and can be successfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its good surface properties.

scholarly journals An Alkalothermophilic Amylopullulanase from the Yeast Clavispora lusitaniae ABS7: Purification, Characterization and Potential Application in Laundry Detergent

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Scheherazed Dakhmouche Djekrif ◽  
Leila Bennamoun ◽  
Fatima Zohra Kenza Labbani ◽  
Amel Ait Kaki ◽  
Tahar Nouadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Commercial Laundry ◽  
Temperature Optima ◽  
Clavispora Lusitaniae

In the present study, α-amylase and pullulanase from Clavispora lusitaniae ABS7 isolated from wheat seeds were studied. The gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of α-amylase and pullulanase activities in the same fraction with yields of 23.88% and 21.11%, respectively. SDS-PAGE showed a single band (75 kDa), which had both α-amylase (independent of Ca2+) and pullulanase (a calcium metalloenzyme) activities. The products of the enzymatic reaction on pullulan were glucose, maltose, and maltotriose, whereas the conversion of starch produced glucose and maltose. The α-amylase and pullulanase had pH optima at 9 and temperature optima at 75 and 80 °C, respectively. After heat treatment at 100 °C for 180 min, the pullulanase retained 42% of its initial activity, while α-amylase maintained only 38.6%. The cations Zn2+, Cu2+, Na+, and Mn2+ increased the α-amylase activity. Other cations Hg2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were stimulators of pullulanase. Urea and Tween 80 inhibited both enzymes, whereas EDTA only inhibited pullulanase. In addition, the amylopullulanase retained its activity in the presence of various commercial laundry detergents. The performance of the alcalothermostable enzyme of Clavispora lusitaniae ABS7 qualified it for the industrial use, particularly in detergents, since it had demonstrated an excellent stability and compatibility with the commercial laundry detergents.

scholarly journals The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
TOMASZ KALAK ◽  
ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA ◽  
DARIA WIECZOREK ◽  
RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI ◽  
JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
L1 And L2

The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties

scholarly journals The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
TOMASZ KALAK ◽  
ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA ◽  
DARIA WIECZOREK ◽  
RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI ◽  
JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
L1 And L2

The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties

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