Reflection Coefficient Measurement through the Implementation of Wideband Multi-Port Reflectometer with Error Correction for Microwave Imaging Application of Human Head

This article presents the reflection coefficient measurement by using a wideband multi-port reflectometer for microwave imaging application of human head. The configuration of the proposed wideband multi-port reflectometer is formed by passive components, which are four couplers and two power dividers operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The investigation is successfully done through simulation using the Agilent’s Advanced Design Systems (ADS) software and practical measurement in laboratory. An error correction method with three standards of match, open and short load is then applied to the constructed wideband multi-port reflectometer to remove its imperfect characteristics. The wideband characteristics of proposed reflectometer are analyzed and verified across the designated frequency band. Its operation in reflection coefficient is tested with the chosen device under test (DUT).

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Least mean square as error correction method of multi-port reflectometer for microwave imaging of human head

2013 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Developement ◽

10.1109/scored.2013.7002604 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. C. Yob ◽

N. Seman ◽

K. H. Yusof

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Human Head ◽

Correction Method ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Mean Square ◽

Least Mean Square ◽

Error Correction Method

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An Accurate Operation of Wideband Multi-Port Reflectometer with New Calibration Method implementing Least Mean Square for Microwave Imaging Application

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v73.4256 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rashidah Che Yob ◽

Norhudah Seman

Keyword(s):

Reflection Coefficient ◽

Calibration Method ◽

Weight Coefficient ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Mean Square ◽

Least Mean Square ◽

Calibration Standards ◽

Imaging Application ◽

Coefficient Measurement

The wideband operation of multi-port reflectometer may lead to inaccurate reflection coefficient measurement caused by the overlapped phase characteristics of the used calibration standards. Therefore, a calibration procedure implementing Least Mean Square (LMS) is proposed to offer accurate operation of wideband multi-port reflectometer from 1 to 6 GHz. Its well wideband performance is verified by attenuators of 3, 6 and 10 dB that assessed as the device under tests (DUTs). The proposed LMS contains a learning rate, m and updated weight coefficient, W(k+1) to eliminate error and achieve the corrected reflection coefficient of DUT.

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Modeling of Gelatin-Based Head Phantom Based on its Electrical Properties for Wideband Microwave Imaging Application

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 608-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohd Sollehudin Md Said ◽

Norhudah Seman ◽

Noor Redzuan Sulaiman ◽

Tharek Abd Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Imaging System ◽

Human Head ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Imaging Application ◽

Network Analyser ◽

Investigation And Study

This article presents a human head phantom characterization based on the study of its electrical properties across 1 to 6 GHz. The study focuses on the grey matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), blood and skin of human head. Through the investigation and study of the human head characteristics, its phantom can be modeled using simple and common materials, which are gelatin, water and sugar. The electrical properties of the chosen mixtures of materials mimicking the electrical properties of human head are measured using special dielectric probe connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). This human head phantom later can be applied in the microwave imaging system for a further study on the health monitoring of human body.

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Characterization of Human Head Phantom based on its Dielectric Properties for Wideband Microwave Imaging Application

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v73.4405 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohd Sollehudin Md Said ◽

Norhudah Seman ◽

Haliza Jaafar

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Imaging System ◽

Human Head ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Imaging Application ◽

Properties Of Materials ◽

Materials Used ◽

Composition Ratios ◽

Coaxial Probe

Characterization of phantom material based on its electrical properties across 1 to 6 GHz is investigated and presented in purpose for modelling of a human head phantom. This article presents five phantom samples mimicking main head tissues, which are the tissue of grey matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), blood and skin. The preparation of phantom samples is performed by using common and cheap materials, which are jelly powder, gelatine, water and sugar. The characteristics of materials used are discussed on the composition ratios and electrical properties. The electrical properties of materials are measured using a special dielectric coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). The obtained data is analysed in terms of relative permittivity, and conductivity, for the observation and further discussion on the characterizations. This phantom of the human head tissues later can be applied in the microwave imaging system for a further study on the health monitoring of the human body.

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The method of determining the metrological performance of unit reference standards of reflection coefficient in waveguides at millimeter waves

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-1-59-63 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

A.S. Bondarenko ◽

A.S. Borovkov ◽

I.M. Malay ◽

V.A. Semyonov

Keyword(s):

Reflection Coefficient ◽

Millimeter Waves ◽

Primary Standard ◽

Reference Standards ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Current State ◽

Coefficient Measurement ◽

Mathematical Equations ◽

Electrodynamic Modeling ◽

Metrological Performance

The analysis of the current state of the reflection coefficient measurements in waveguides at millimeter waves is carried out. An approach for solving the problem of reproducing the reflection coefficient measurement scale is proposed. Mathematical equations, which are the basis of the reflection coefficient measurement equation are obtained. The method of determining the metrological performance of reflection coefficient unit’s reference standards is developed. The results of electrodynamic modeling and analytical calculations by the developed method are compared. It is shown that this method can be used for reproducing the reflection coefficient unit in the development of the State primary standard.

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