Characterization of Human Head Phantom based on its Dielectric Properties for Wideband Microwave Imaging Application

Characterization of phantom material based on its electrical properties across 1 to 6 GHz is investigated and presented in purpose for modelling of a human head phantom. This article presents five phantom samples mimicking main head tissues, which are the tissue of grey matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), blood and skin. The preparation of phantom samples is performed by using common and cheap materials, which are jelly powder, gelatine, water and sugar. The characteristics of materials used are discussed on the composition ratios and electrical properties. The electrical properties of materials are measured using a special dielectric coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). The obtained data is analysed in terms of relative permittivity, and conductivity, for the observation and further discussion on the characterizations. This phantom of the human head tissues later can be applied in the microwave imaging system for a further study on the health monitoring of the human body.

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Modeling of Gelatin-Based Head Phantom Based on its Electrical Properties for Wideband Microwave Imaging Application

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 608-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohd Sollehudin Md Said ◽

Norhudah Seman ◽

Noor Redzuan Sulaiman ◽

Tharek Abd Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Imaging System ◽

Human Head ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Imaging Application ◽

Network Analyser ◽

Investigation And Study

This article presents a human head phantom characterization based on the study of its electrical properties across 1 to 6 GHz. The study focuses on the grey matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), blood and skin of human head. Through the investigation and study of the human head characteristics, its phantom can be modeled using simple and common materials, which are gelatin, water and sugar. The electrical properties of the chosen mixtures of materials mimicking the electrical properties of human head are measured using special dielectric probe connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). This human head phantom later can be applied in the microwave imaging system for a further study on the health monitoring of human body.

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Experimental tissue mimicking human head phantom for estimation of stroke using IC-CF-DMAS algorithm in microwave based imaging system

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01486-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Shahidul Islam ◽

Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽

Ali F. Almutairi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Imaging System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Human Head ◽

Brain Stroke ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Coaxial Probe ◽

Theoretical Results ◽

Good Agreement

AbstractThis paper presents the preparation and measurement of tissue-mimicking head phantom and its validation with the iteratively corrected coherence factor delay-multiply-and-sum (IC-CF-DMAS) algorithm for brain stroke detection. The phantom elements are fabricated by using different chemical mixtures that imitate the electrical properties of real head tissues (CSF, dura, gray matter, white matter, and blood/stroke) over the frequency band of 1–4 GHz. The electrical properties are measured using the open-ended dielectric coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyzer. Individual phantom elements are placed step by step in a three-dimensional skull. The IC-CF-DMAS image reconstruction algorithm is later applied to the phantom to evaluate the effectiveness of detecting stroke. The phantom elements are preserved and measured multiple times in a week to validate the overall performance over time. The electrical properties of the developed phantom emulate the similar properties of real head tissue. Moreover, the system can also effectively detect the stroke from the developed phantom. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed tissue-mimicking head phantom is time-stable, and it shows a good agreement with the theoretical results in detecting and reconstructing the stroke images that could be used in investigating as a supplement to the real head tissue.

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Reflection Coefficient Measurement through the Implementation of Wideband Multi-Port Reflectometer with Error Correction for Microwave Imaging Application of Human Head

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v64.2072 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rashidah Che Yob ◽

Norhudah Seman

Keyword(s):

Reflection Coefficient ◽

Error Correction ◽

Human Head ◽

Correction Method ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Passive Components ◽

Power Dividers ◽

Imaging Application ◽

Coefficient Measurement ◽

Design Systems

This article presents the reflection coefficient measurement by using a wideband multi-port reflectometer for microwave imaging application of human head. The configuration of the proposed wideband multi-port reflectometer is formed by passive components, which are four couplers and two power dividers operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The investigation is successfully done through simulation using the Agilent’s Advanced Design Systems (ADS) software and practical measurement in laboratory. An error correction method with three standards of match, open and short load is then applied to the constructed wideband multi-port reflectometer to remove its imperfect characteristics. The wideband characteristics of proposed reflectometer are analyzed and verified across the designated frequency band. Its operation in reflection coefficient is tested with the chosen device under test (DUT).

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EBG Based Microstrip Patch Antenna for Brain Tumor Detection via Scattering Parameters in Microwave Imaging System

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging ◽

10.1155/2018/8241438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reefat Inum ◽

Md. Masud Rana ◽

Kamrun Nahar Shushama ◽

Md. Anwarul Quader

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Patch Antenna ◽

Imaging System ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Human Head ◽

Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Head Model ◽

Imaging Algorithm ◽

Microstrip Patch

A microwave brain imaging system model is envisaged to detect and visualize tumor inside the human brain. A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is used in the imaging technique to transmit equivalent signal and receive backscattering signal from the stratified human head model. Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is incorporated on the antenna ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular and circular EBG structures are proposed to investigate the antenna performance. Incorporation of circular EBG on the antenna ground plane provides an improvement of 22.77% in return loss, 5.84% in impedance bandwidth, and 16.53% in antenna gain with respect to the patch antenna with rectangular EBG. The simulation results obtained from CST are compared to those obtained from HFSS to validate the design. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the modeled head tissue for the proposed antenna is determined. Different SAR values are compared with the established standard SAR limit to provide a safety regulation of the imaging system. A monostatic radar-based confocal microwave imaging algorithm is applied to generate the image of tumor inside a six-layer human head phantom model. S-parameter signals obtained from circular EBG loaded patch antenna in different scanning modes are utilized in the imaging algorithm to effectively produce a high-resolution image which reliably indicates the presence of tumor inside human brain.

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X-ray Microprobe Studies of Materials Problems Related to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Structures

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-605-261 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 605 ◽

Author(s):

N. Mölders ◽

P.J. Schilling ◽

J. Göttert ◽

H.O. Moser ◽

V. Saile

Keyword(s):

Microelectromechanical Systems ◽

Mems Devices ◽

X Ray ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Transmission Measurements ◽

Properties Of Materials ◽

Materials Used ◽

Micro Systems

AbstractThe understanding of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of materials used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is essential for the successful application. For the characterization of such materials, it is often necessary to utilize a probe which can gather information on the same scale as the devices themselves. Based on these needs, x-ray microprobe analysis has been employed to perform spatially resolved measurements on several problems related to the fabrication of MEMS devices. These include spatially resolved transmission measurements of the homogeneity of transmitted flux through a graphite mask, micro-fluorescence measurements to assess elemental distributions, and micro-XANES measurements to follow the breakdown of new sulfone-based x-ray resists. These studies demonstrate the value of such an instrument in the characterization of micro-systems.

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AFM-Based Characterization of Electrical Properties of Materials

Methods in Molecular Biology - Nanoscale Imaging ◽

10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_7 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 99-127

Author(s):

John Alexander ◽

Sergey Belikov ◽

Sergei Magonov

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Properties Of Materials

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A New Wideband Microwave Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection

Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2018-87390 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lulu Wang ◽

Jinzhang Xu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Breast Imaging ◽

Imaging System ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Breast Cancer Detection ◽

Microwave Antenna ◽

Breast Lesions ◽

Imaging Application

Previous studies have shown that microwave imaging offers an alternative or additional way for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Microwave antenna plays an important role in a microwave imaging system. The paper presents a wideband microwave antenna for medical microwave breast imaging application. Various simulations were conducted to validate the proposed antenna. Results show that the proposed antenna has the potential for application in a microwave imaging system to identify breast lesions.

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Characterization of Dielectrics Over Broad Electrical Bandwidths

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-167-177 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

Author(s):

G. Arjavalingam ◽

Y. Pastol ◽

J.-M. Halbout ◽

G. V. Kopcsay

Keyword(s):

Electronic Devices ◽

Dielectric Constants ◽

Single Experiment ◽

Curing Of Polymers ◽

Properties Of Materials ◽

Transient Spectroscopy ◽

Materials Used ◽

Effective Use ◽

Made In

There is considerable recent interest in the dielectric properties of materials measured over broad electrical bandwidths. This follows from advances made in the performance of electronic devices which now produce pulses with risetimes in the order of 5 picoseconds. It is essential to know the dielectric constants and loss properties of the materials used in fabricating these devices and their interconnection structures, up to frequencies of about 100 GHz. Moreover, such information will be invaluable for the effective use of microwaves in materials processing [1]. The curing of polymers and the sintering of ceramics are two examples. Here, we discuss the recently developed coherent microwave transient spectroscopy (COMITS) technique which measures the complex dielectric constants of materials, from 10 GHz to about 125 GHz, in a single experiment [2,3].

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