The Remaining Buddhist Architecture in Fu’an, the Core Hinterland of the Changxi River Basin

The Changxi River Basin is a small root-like watershed, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the sea to the southeast. It is located on the border between Fujian and Zhejiang on the southeast coast of China. The area gave rise to the Changxi Culture that began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Buddhism in the Changxi Basin was introduced no later than the 9th century. As the core hinterland of the Changxi Basin, Fu’an has always been an important center for Buddhism in Eastern Fujian. It reached its peak in the 10th to 13th centuries during the Song Dynasty. This article conducts a comprehensive investigation and study of the existing Buddhist temple sites and relics in Fu’an. It highlights these structures’ single-bay pattern of construction, based on rectangular plans in which the longitudinal axis extends along the plan’s direction of depth. This is a pattern rarely seen in the history of Chinese Buddhist architecture. The paper also summarizes a common element in these temples, their petal-shaped corrugated stone pillars which are divided into eight segments. Lastly, it illustrates the evolution of the temples in the Changxi River Basin from single-bay layouts to those with widths of multiple bays and indicates the unique status and associated values of single-bay Buddhist temples in the history of southern Buddhist architecture. The study examines new local findings and ideas for the study of Chinese Buddhist architectural history, providing academic support for the protection and research of Buddhist architectural heritage in Southeast China.

Combined Feedback Feedforward Control of a 3-Link Musculoskeletal System Based on the Iterative Training Method

The investigation and study of the limbs, especially the human arm, have inspired a wide range of humanoid robots, such as movement and muscle redundancy, as a human motor system. One of the main issues related to musculoskeletal systems is the joint redundancy that causes no unique answer for each angle in return for an arm’s end effector’s arbitrary trajectory. As a result, there are many architectures like the torques applied to the joints. In this study, an iterative learning controller was applied to control the 3-link musculoskeletal system’s motion with 6 muscles. In this controller, the robot’s task space was assumed as the feedforward of the controller and muscle space as the controller feedback. In both task and muscle spaces, some noises cause the system to be unstable, so a forgetting factor was used to a convergence task space output in the neighborhood of the desired trajectories. The results show that the controller performance has improved gradually by iterating the learning steps, and the error rate has decreased so that the trajectory passed by the end effector has practically matched the desired trajectory after 1000 iterations.

Preparation, Investigation and Study of Biological Applications of Tyrosine Derivatives against Breast Cancer Cells

Cancerous tumors are considered a serious and fatal diseases for both sexes and for all ages, even fetuses before their birth. Therefore, it has become necessary to find an alternative treatment for radiation to be safer and less dangerous than chemical treatments. Therefore, derivatives of one of the amino acids, such as tyrosine, were prepared. Tyrosine or tyrosine is one of the well-known and important amino acids for humans, and it is present in most proteins; The human body uses it to produce several types of hormones such as noradrenaline and adrenaline. In this paper, we prepared new derivatives of tyrosine represented by (four, five, six)-membered ring, then all these new tyrosine derivatives investigated by several techniques (FT.IR, H.NMR)–spectrophotometric, other physical and chemical properties, with assaying for some new created derivatives as anti-cancer.

Investigation and Study of Some Angiospermic Seeds with Special References to Germination and Their Viability in Tribal District Dhar (M.P.), India

An extensive and intensive plant survey in different areas of Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh was carried out in the year 2020-2021. Dhar district is situated in the South-western part of Madhya Pradesh with highly rich floristic biodiversity of plant. The total area of district is 8153 sq. km. of which forest encompasses 1370 sq. km. covering 15.79 percent of its geographical area and covered by Vindhyan scab, Malwa plateau and Narmada basin. The tribal of this area includes Bhil, Bhilala, Barela and Pateliya are the major tribes inhabiting the area and depending on forest. The present study highlights the seeds germination and their viability in different sites of Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. 30 angiospermic seed diversity of higher plants was undertaken. Preliminary study of Seeds germination and their viability survey conducted in the different 11 sites of tribal district Dhar (M.P.), India and reported 29 species under 25 genera and 13 families. Leguminosae is most dominant families with 14 species fallowed by Combretaceae with 4 species and other remains families having one species. It is also noticed that 29 species are used by the ethnic communities of the district for various purposes. In the present communications hindi name, scientific name, family, filed notes and flowering and fruiting periods have been provided. Keywords: Dhar, CAMPA, Seed germination, Seed viability, Narmada River, Malwa plateau, Vindhyan scab

Investigation and Study of CaO-Borate Glass

Recent days the special interest towards Glasses is specifically due to their vast applications that they range. Glass series Calcium borate metallic glass (CaO–B2O3) has been prepared by melt quenching technique. CaO influences like density/molar volume ratio on the properties have analyzed and glass sample different modulus has found between them. The optical properties such as direct and indirect bandgap, Urbach energy, band gap, which also includes heat‐treated glasses, has studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV‐visible, respectively. According to this model elastic moduli increase, this is because of the CaO content increase. The Debye temperature, elastic moduli, other acoustic parameters and Poisson's ratio has acquired from experimental data. The obtained results show that the CaO enters into the glass network as a modifier by occupying increasing the nonbridging oxygen atoms (NBOs) and the interstitial spaces in the network.