Nematocid effects of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

The watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is often grown as a forced leaf vegetable rich in vitamins and minerals. Its specific taste and curative effects result from the presence of mustard glycosides (glucosinolates) that may also show nematocidic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of watercress eluate and juice on tomato plants inoculated with the northern root-knot nematode (NRKN) Meloidogyne hapla. It was found out that after the treatment of plants with solutions derived from watercress the yield of fruit was highly significantly increased. The highest yield increase (by 96 % to 165 %) was observed in the variant with the highest concentration of watercress extracts (macerate + 200 ml of juice). Although at lower concentrations of watercress solution the increase in yields was also reduced (by 57–118 %), the difference was still statistically highly significant. The effect of this treatment on the content of vitamin C was similar and the increase was also highly significant and ranged from 24 to 67 %. When evaluating the occurrence of nematodes on roots of tomato plants, the presence of pathogens was equal to zero percent in all treated variants. The treatment with this phyto-solution corroborated not only a nematocidic effect of watercress but also its positive influence on the yield and level of vitamin C in dependence on increasing concentrations of the effective agent. It can be therefore concluded that the watercress solution showed a promoting effect on tomato plants.

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Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.1.120 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 120-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Schochow ◽

Steven A. Tjosvold ◽

Antoon T. Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Flower Production ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

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The influence of chitin-urea amendments applied to an organic soil on a Meloidogyne hapla population and on the growth of greenhouse tomato

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706087ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Bélair ◽

N. Tremblay

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Dosage Effect ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Amended Soils ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Leaf Tissues

This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficiency of chitin-urea amendments to an organic soil against a Quebec population of the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and to assess the pathogenicity of this population on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chitin-urea amendments at 0.2 and 0.4% (vol:vol) were ineffective in reducing the preplant nematode populations. The final M. hapla egg populations were significantly increased in chitin-urea amended soils, and a signifiant positive dosage effect was recorded. Shoot growth of tomato plants was significantly reduced by M. hapla but was increased by chitin-urea. At harvest, fruit weights were neither affected by M. hapla nor by chitin-urea amendments. The final M. hapla egg population was linked to lower N and P levels, and to higher Ca levels in leaf tissues.

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Evaluation of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 for the biological control of the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854106776179926 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sebastian Kiewnick ◽

Richard A. Sikora

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

High Inoculum ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Biocontrol Activity

Abstract The egg-pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (PL215) was investigated under different temperature regimes for biocontrol activity against the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Biocontrol activity by PL251 was affected by temperature and initial nematode inoculum density. At 20/23°C (night/day) control efficacy reached 71% at a high inoculum density of 10 000 eggs and juveniles (E + J) per 500 cm3 compared to 65% control at the lower inoculum density (5000 E + J/500 cm3). By contrast, average efficacy was 5% and 46% at low and high inoculum levels, respectively, when temperatures were between 19°C and 21°C (night/day). A significant interaction between the factors inoculum density and treatment with PL251 was observed at low temperatures, when only few M. hapla galls and egg masses developed after inoculation with 5000 E + J/500 cm3. When the temperature was favourable for the fungal parasite (25°C), efficacy reached 90%. In glasshouse experiments with unfavourable temperatures for M. hapla development (25°C-33°C), tomato plants repeatedly treated with PL251 showed significantly higher fruit yield (23-102%).

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Development of Resistance to Root‐Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183x000900050034x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 624-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. J. Hunt ◽

R. N. Peaden ◽

L. R. Faulkner ◽

G. D. Griffin ◽

H. J. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Medicago Sativa L

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Induced resistance in tomato plants against root knot nematode using biotic and abiotic inducers

10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.11.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 31-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abd El-Monem M.A. Sharaf ◽

◽

Atef M. Kailla ◽

Mohamed S. Attia ◽

Mohamed M. Nofal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Induced Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Tomato Plants

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Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1184

Author(s):

Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽

Morris Fanadzo ◽

Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽

Felix Nchu

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Phytotoxicity Test ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

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Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Renata Dobosz ◽

Roman Krawczyk

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Continuous Cultivation ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Crop Species ◽

Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

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Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9700493 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (45) ◽

pp. 493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JW Meagher ◽

PT Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Soil Fumigation ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

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