scholarly journals If (A+A)/(A+A) is small, then the ratio set is large

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Oliver Roche-Newton
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Set

The Asymptotic Ratio Set and Direct Integral Decompositions of a Von Neumann Algebra

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Von Neumann Algebra ◽  
Von Neumann Algebras ◽  
Direct Integral ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Integral Decomposition ◽  
Integral Decomposition ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The fact that any von Neumann algebra on a separable Hilbert space has an essentially unique direct integral decomposition into factors means that there is a global as well as a local aspect to any partial classification of von Neumann algebras. More precisely, suppose that J is a statement about von Neumann algebras which is either true or false for any given von Neumann algebra. Then a von Neumann algebra is said to satisfy J globally if it satisfies J, and to satsify J locally if almost all the factors appearing in some (and hence in any) central decomposition of it satisfy J . In a recent paper [3], H. Araki and E. J. Woods introduced the notion of the asymptotic ratio set of a factor, and by means of this they made remarkable progress in the classification of factors.

scholarly journals Efficient Gear Ratio Selection of a Single-Speed Drivetrain for Improved Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9254
Author(s):  
Polychronis Spanoudakis ◽  
Gerasimos Moschopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Stefanoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Sarantinoudis ◽  
Eftichios Papadokokolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Selection Of

The electric vehicle (EV) market has grown over the last few years and even though electric vehicles do not currently possess a high market segment, it is projected that they will do so by 2030. Currently, the electric vehicle industry is looking to resolve the issue of vehicle range, using higher battery capacities and fast charging. Energy consumption is a key issue which heavily effects charging frequency and infrastructure and, therefore, the widespread use of EVs. Although several factors that influence energy consumption of EVs have been identified, a key technology that can make electric vehicles more energy efficient is drivetrain design and development. Based on electric motors’ high torque capabilities, single-speed transmissions are preferred on many light and urban vehicles. In the context of this paper, a prototype electric vehicle is used as a test bed to evaluate energy consumption related to different gear ratio usage on single-speed transmission. For this purpose, real-time data are recorded from experimental road tests and a dynamic model of the vehicle is created and fine-tuned using dedicated software. Dynamic simulations are performed to compare and evaluate different gear ratio set-ups, providing valuable insights into their effect on energy consumption. The correlation of experimental and simulation data is used for the validation of the dynamic model and the evaluation of the results towards the selection of the optimal gear ratio. Based on the aforementioned data, we provide useful information from numerous experimental and simulation results that can be used to evaluate gear ratio effects on electric vehicles’ energy consumption and, at the same time, help to formulate evolving concepts of smart grid and EV integration.

scholarly journals On the Krieger-Araki-Woods ratio set

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Brown ◽  
Anthony H. Dooley ◽  
Jane Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Set

Supersonic Flow Past Bodies of Revolution with Thin Wings of Small Aspect Ratio

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Supersonic Stream ◽  
List Type ◽  
Body Of Revolution ◽  
Small Aspect Ratio ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Ratio Set

SummaryThe method developed by G. N. Ward for the treatment of slender pointed bodies in a uniform supersonic stream is applied to three special cases. (i)Supersonic flow past a body of revolution with thin wings of symmetrical section and of small aspect ratio at zero incidence.(ii)Supersonic flow past a body of revolution with plane wings of small aspect ratio set at incidence to the body, the whole being at incidence to the stream.(iii)Supersonic flow past a body of revolution with a plane fin of small aspect ratio set at incidence, the whole being at incidence to the stream.The pressure distribution on the wing has been calculated for a special case of (i) and is given in the Appendix.

scholarly journals 129 High Nitrate Fertilizers Control Shoot Growth through Low Phosphate Stress

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 463F-464
Author(s):  
Cheon-Young Song ◽  
Jin-Sheng Huang ◽  
Paul V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
N Form

The greenhouse industry successfully uses high NO3 fertilizers to produce plants with short, compact shoots. It is commonly assumed that NO3 results in compactness while NH4 or urea stimulate large shoot growth. However, high NO3 fertilizers contain little or no phosphate. Four sets of treatments were applied to five species of bedding plant plug seedlings in two experiments to differentiate the effects of N source vs. phosphate supply on growth. Seedlings were established on 20-4.4--16.6 fertilizer until 10 days into stage 3, when the following treatments began. Set 1: phosphate-P was held at 22 mg/L and total N at 100 mg/L with NH4 comprising 40%, 13%, 7%, or 0% of total N, the remaining being NO3. Differences in shoot size did not occur as a consequence of the shift in NH4:NO3 ratio. Set 2: N was supplied at a concentration of 100 mg/L from 40% NH4 plus 60% NO3 while PO4-P was varied over the series of concentrations of 21.9, 6.6, 3.3, and 0 mg/L. Set 3: the same as Set 2 except that N was supplied entirely as NO3. Height and weight of shoots in Sets 2 and 3 were positively related to PO4 supply. Set 4: three commercial fertilizers containing 0 PO4-P and 8, 13, or 20% of N in the NH4 form. Compact shoots developed in these treatments. When 22 mg phosphate-P/L was added to one of these fertilizers, compactness was reversed. Shoot suppression by high NO3 fertilizers was concluded to be a function of low phosphate and not N form.

scholarly journals The mean ratio set for {$ax+b$} valued cocycles

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karma Dajani ◽  
Anthony Dooley
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Set ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Logarithmic density of a sequence of integers and density of its ratio set

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Mišík ◽  
János T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Logarithmic Density ◽  
Ratio Set
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