scholarly journals Autogenetic reflex action on to gamma motoneurones by stretch of triceps surae in the decerebrated cat.

1978 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Ellaway ◽  
J R Trott
Keyword(s):  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Gamma Motoneurones

scholarly journals Intrinsic Properties and Reflex Compensation in Reinnervated Triceps Surae Muscles of the Cat: Effect of Activation Level

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1537-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde M.J.I. Huyghues-Despointes ◽  
Timothy C. Cope ◽  
T. Richard Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stretch Reflex ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Type I ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles

The manner in which activation levels influence intrinsic muscular properties and contributions of the stretch reflex were studied in homogeneous soleus (SOL) and heterogeneous gastrocnemius (G) muscles in the decerebrate cat. Intrinsic mechanical properties were represented by the initial stiffness of the muscle, measured prior to reflex action, and by the tendency of the muscle to yield during stretch in the absence of the stretch reflex. Stiffness regulation by the stretch reflex was evaluated by measuring the extent to which reflex action reduces yielding and the extent to which stiffness depends on background force. Intrinsic mechanical properties were measured in muscles deprived of effective autogenic reflexes using the method of muscular reinnervation. Reinnervated muscles were recruited to force levels comparable to those achieved during natural locomotion. As force declined during crossed-extension reflexes in reinnervated and intact muscles, initial stiffness declined according to similar convex trajectories. The data did not support the hypothesis that, for a given force level, initial stiffness is greatest in populations of predominantly type I motor units. Incremental stiffness (Δ f/Δ l) of both G and SOL increased in the presence of the stretch reflex. Yielding of SOL (ratio of incremental to initial stiffness) substantially decreased in the presence of the stretch reflex over the full range of forces. In reflexive G, yielding significantly decreased for low to intermediate forces, whereas at higher forces, yielding was similar irrespective of the presence or absence of the stretch reflex. The stretch reflex regulates stiffness in both homogeneous and heterogeneous muscles.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Properties and Reflex Compensation in Reinnervated Triceps Surae Muscles of the Cat: Effect of Movement History

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1547-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde M.J.I. Huyghues-Despointes ◽  
Timothy C. Cope ◽  
T. Richard Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Variable Delay ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reflex Compensation ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

Effects of prior motion on ramp stretch responses of reflexive and areflexive muscles were measured in decerebrate cats. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were rendered areflexive by reinnervation a minimum of 9 mo before the terminal experiments. The introduction of a shortening phase prior to the ramp stretch increased the normalized initial stiffness of muscles and decreased the tendency to yield of the reinnervated muscles as compared with the case in which muscles contracted isometrically prior to stretch. Yielding was compensated by reflex action for all amplitudes of prior shortening in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. The comparison of responses of untreated and reinnervated muscles indicated that the contribution of reflex action progressively declined with the amplitude of prior shortening as the extent of yielding diminished. In soleus muscle, during a variable delay period of isometric contraction interposed between shortening and lengthening force generation, initial stiffness and yielding returned to levels seen with isometric contractile history. However, these attributes recovered at different rates, suggesting that distinct processes are responsible for initial stiffness and yielding. Yielding was compensated for by reflex action regardless of the length of the interposed delay or of the amplitude of the prior shortening. These and previous findings indicate that the stretch reflex regulates muscular stiffness for a wide range of conditions. This regulation apparently arises from complementary mechanical properties of intrafusal and extrafusal muscle.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Kinesiology Taping Stretch Tensions on Soleus and Gastrocnemius H-Reflex Modulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4411
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan ◽  
Pedro Bezerra ◽  
Wei-Chin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
H Reflex ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Hoffmann Reflex ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
M Wave ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Order Paper

This study examined the acute effects of stretch tensions of kinesiology taping (KT) on the soleus (SOL), medial (MG), and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) modulation in physically active healthy adults. A cross-over within-subject design was used in this study. Twelve physically active collegiate students voluntarily participated in the study (age = 21.3 ± 1.2 years; height = 175.6 ± 7.1 cm; body weight = 69.9 ± 7.1 kg). A standard Y-shape of KT technique was applied to the calf muscles. The KT was controlled in three tension intensities in a randomised order: paper-off, 50%, and 100% of maximal stretch tension of the tape. The peak-to-peak amplitude of maximal M-wave (Mmax) and H-reflex (Hmax) responses in the SOL, MG, and LG muscles were assessed before taping (pre-taping), taping, and after taping (post-taping) phases in the lying prone position. The results demonstrated significantly larger LG Hmax responses in the pre-taping condition than those in the post-taping condition during paper-off KT (p = 0.002). Moreover, the ΔHmax/Mmax of pre- and post-taping in the SOL muscle was significantly larger during 50%KT tension than that of paper-off (p = 0.046). In conclusion, the stretch tension of KT contributes minor influence on the spinal motoneuron excitability in the triceps surae during rest.

scholarly journals Bilateral triceps surae muscle focal myositis after a cauda equina syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. González Toledo ◽  
H. Pérez Pérez ◽  
L. Brage Martín ◽  
V. Castro López-Tarruella
Keyword(s):  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle

scholarly journals The effects of 12 weeks of static stretch training on the functional, mechanical, and architectural characteristics of the triceps surae muscle–tendon complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Longo ◽  
Emiliano Cè ◽  
Angela Valentina Bisconti ◽  
Susanna Rampichini ◽  
Christian Doria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Plantarflexor Muscles

Abstract Purpose We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of passive static stretching training (PST) on force-generating capacity, passive stiffness, muscle architecture of plantarflexor muscles. Methods Thirty healthy adults participated in the study. Fifteen participants (STR, 6 women, 9 men) underwent 12-week plantarflexor muscles PST [(5 × 45 s-on/15 s-off) × 2exercises] × 5times/week (duration: 2250 s/week), while 15 participants (CTRL, 6 women, 9 men) served as control (no PST). Range of motion (ROM), maximum passive resistive torque (PRTmax), triceps surae architecture [fascicle length, fascicle angle, and thickness], passive stiffness [muscle–tendon complex (MTC) and muscle stiffness], and plantarflexors maximun force-generating capacity variables (maximum voluntary contraction, maximum muscle activation, rate of torque development, electromechanical delay) were calculated Pre, at the 6th (Wk6), and the 12th week (Wk12) of the protocol in both groups. Results Compared to Pre, STR ROM increased (P < 0.05) at Wk6 (8%) and Wk12 (23%). PRTmax increased at Wk12 (30%, P < 0.05), while MTC stiffness decreased (16%, P < 0.05). Muscle stiffness decreased (P < 0.05) at Wk6 (11%) and Wk12 (16%). No changes in triceps surae architecture and plantarflexors maximum force-generating capacity variables were found in STR (P > 0.05). Percentage changes in ROM correlated with percentage changes in PRTmax (ρ = 0.62, P = 0.01) and MTC stiffness (ρ = − 0.78, P = 0.001). In CTRL, no changes (P > 0.05) occurred in any variables at any time point. Conclusion The expected long-term PST-induced changes in ROM were associated with modifications in the whole passive mechanical properties of the ankle joint, while maximum force-generating capacity characteristics were preserved. 12 weeks of PST do not seem a sufficient stimulus to induce triceps surae architectural changes.

scholarly journals Muscles adaptation to aging and training: architectural changes – a randomised trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien J. Létocart ◽  
Franck Mabesoone ◽  
Fabrice Charleux ◽  
Christian Couppé ◽  
René B. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum

Abstract Background To investigate how anatomical cross-sectional area and volume of quadriceps and triceps surae muscles were affected by ageing, and by resistance training in older and younger men, in vivo. Methods The old participants were randomly assigned to moderate (O55, n = 13) or high-load (O80, n = 14) resistance training intervention (12 weeks; 3 times/week) corresponding to 55% or 80% of one repetition maximum, respectively. Young men (Y55, n = 11) were assigned to the moderate-intensity strengthening exercise program. Each group received the exact same training volume on triceps surae and quadriceps group (Reps x Sets x Intensity). The fitting polynomial regression equations for each of anatomical cross-sectional area-muscle length curves were used to calculate muscle volume (contractile content) before and after 12 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results Only Rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle showed a higher relative anatomical cross-sectional area in the young than the elderly on the proximal end. The old group displayed a higher absolute volume of non-contractile material than young men in triceps surae (+ 96%). After training, Y55, O55 and O80 showed an increase in total quadriceps (+ 4.3%; + 6.7%; 4.2% respectively) and triceps surae (+ 2.8%; + 7.5%; 4.3% respectively) volume. O55 demonstrated a greater increase on average gains compared to Y55, while no difference between O55 and O80 was observed. Conclusions Muscle loss with aging is region-specific for some muscles and uniform for others. Equivalent strength training volume at moderate or high intensities increased muscle volume with no differences in muscle volume gains for old men. These data suggest that physical exercise at moderate intensity (55 to 60% of one repetition maximum) can reverse the aging related loss of muscle mass. Trial registration NCT03079180 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration date: March 14, 2017.

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