Regulatory pathways for the stimulation of canine tracheal ciliary beat frequency by bradykinin.

We questioned whether the prolonged stimulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) to a short exposure of low-dose capsaicin (Wong et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 257–2580, 1990) could be due to the activation of indirect pathways involving neural reflexes initiated independently in the bronchi and alveoli. Tracheal CBF (CBFtr) was measured temporally in anesthetized groups of 10 dogs by means of heterodyne-mode correlation analysis laser light scattering. To elucidate the site of the afferent neural stimulation and the efferent mediators affecting the ciliated epithelium, capsaicin (3 nM) aerosol was delivered for 4 min, either predominantly to the bronchi or to the alveolar regions, with use of pulsed aerosol techniques. This resulted in 13 pg of bronchial (85%) and 10 pg of alveolar (96%) capsaicin deposited, which caused marked stimulation of CBFtr with maxima at 7 and 35 min, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized indomethacin to the bronchi or aerosolized cromolyn to the alveoli inhibited the bronchial and alveolar responses, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized hexamethonium to the tracheal lumen blocked the stimulatory CBFtr responses from both capsaicin challenges. Ipratropium or propranolol aerosols delivered to the tracheal lumen also inhibited these responses. It is proposed that these pathways comprise one set of sensitive mechanisms to ensure a prolonged stimulation of CBF to effect the removal of secretions and the irritant from the lungs.

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Regulation of ciliary beat frequency by autonomic mechanisms: in vitro

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1895 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1895-1901 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

L. B. Wong ◽

I. F. Miller ◽

D. B. Yeates

Keyword(s):

Laser Light ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Atropine Sulfate ◽

Adrenergic Agonist ◽

Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽

Autonomic Receptors ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Ciliary Beat

The ciliated epithelium of the mammalian trachea separates the neurohumoral milieu of the tissue from that of the environment of the airway lumen. To determine whether specific autonomic receptors regulating ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were located on mucosal or serosal sides, we measured CBF by heterodyne mode correlation analysis laser light scattering in bovine tracheal tissues mounted in a two-sided chamber. A beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, at 10(-7) M, stimulated serosal CBF from 7.9 +/- 1.3 to 20.2 +/- 5.8 Hz (P less than 0.01) and mucosal CBF from 6.6 +/- 0.9 to 14.7 +/- 4.6 Hz (P less than 0.01). A muscarinic cholinergic agonist, methacholine, at 10(-7) M, increased mucosal CBF from 8.4 +/- 1.0 to 19.5 +/- 5.5 Hz (P less than 0.01) and serosal CBF from 8.0 +/- 0.9 to 15.4 +/- 5.0 Hz (P less than 0.01). The differences in stimulation of CBF on the mucosal and serosal sides between fenoterol and methacholine were significant (P less than 0.01). Studies in which these autonomic agonist stimulating effects were inhibited by their respective antagonists, propranolol and atropine sulfate, demonstrated that CBF can be regulated independently by mediators both in the submucosa and within the mucus lining.

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Stimulation of tracheal ciliary beat frequency by capsaicin

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1990.68.6.2574 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 2574-2580 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L. B. Wong ◽

I. F. Miller ◽

D. B. Yeates

Keyword(s):

Ipratropium Bromide ◽

Laser Light ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Base Line ◽

Aerosol Delivery ◽

Temporal Response ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Ciliary Beat

To determine the possible involvement of neural and cyclooxygenase pathways whereby irritants might affect cilia activity in vivo, the temporal response of canine tracheal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) to the inhaled surrogate irritant capsaicin was studied. CBF was measured on the ventral midtracheal surface of barbiturate-anesthetized eucapnically ventilated beagle dogs by heterodyne-mode laser light scattering. After base-line CBF was established, hexamethonium bromide (2 mg/kg iv), ipratropium bromide (0.5 microgram/kg iv), indomethacin (2 mg/kg iv), or intravenous 0.9% saline was administered. Aerosolized 3 Z 10(-9) M capsaicin in 0.9% saline was delivered for 2 min, and CBF was measured for the following 60 min. Control experiments used 0.9% saline sham aerosol with a 0.9% saline sham block. Aerosolized capsaicin stimulated CBF from a base line of 6.2 +/- 1.4 (SD) Hz (n = 230) to a mean maximum of 17.7 +/- 7.3 Hz (n = 16) 23 min after aerosol delivery, and CBF returned to base line within 60 min. Neither hexamethonium bromide, ipratropium bromide, nor indomethacin changed CBF from base-line values. The episodic CBF stimulatory response to capsaicin after commencement of aerosol was completely inhibited by hexamethonium bromide. Ipratropium bromide partially inhibited the first 15 min and totally inhibited the following 45 min of stimulatory response. Indomethacin inhibited the initial 15 min but had less effect on the following 45 min of stimulatory response. These data indicate that multiple stimulatory mechanisms function over a prolonged period of time to affect the removal of irritants from the airways and that these mechanisms differ from those involved in the maintenance of basal CBF.

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KINETICS OF OXYGEN INDUCED STIMULATION OF CILIARY BEAT FREQUENCY

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-198909001-01109 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 71 (Supplement) ◽

pp. A1109

Author(s):

R. A. Harrison ◽

L. B. Hong ◽

D. B. Yeates

Keyword(s):

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Ciliary Beat

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Stimulation of mucus secretion, ciliary activity, and transport in frog palate epithelium

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1984.247.5.c299 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 247 (5) ◽

pp. C299-C308 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

B. Spungin ◽

A. Silberberg

Keyword(s):

Particle Transport ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Mucus Secretion ◽

Ciliary Activity ◽

Normal Velocity ◽

Wire Probe ◽

Frog Palate ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Ciliary Beat

Particle transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency, at the level of a single cell of the epithelium, were measured simultaneously. The preparation used keeps the mucociliated epithelium of the frog palate functionally intact but is thin enough for light to be transmitted. The observations confirm that there exists a resting, or unstimulated, state of the epithelium in which the cilia do not beat. It is shown that tactile stimulation (contact with a small 50- to 75-microns foreign particle or with a fine wire probe) restarts ciliary beat. If the epithelium has not been depleted of its mucus, normal ciliary beat frequency is restored, and there is particle transport at the normal velocity. Only the cilia surrounding the moving particle in a patch about 10 times larger are beating at one time. Beat frequency is highest in the center of the patch, near the particle, and tapers to zero toward the edge. Mucus has to be present for particle transport to occur. Particles impacted on a depleted epithelium are not moved. The placement of previously collected endogenous mucus onto a depleted epithelium produces full ciliary activity and normal particle transport. The moving patch of beating cilia corresponds to a plaque of mucus surrounding the particle being transported. This plaque was produced upon first impact of the particle, presumably by mucus secretion, from the epithelial region which then surrounds it. Stimulation of a quiescent nondepleted epithelium with a wire probe induces a normal ciliary beat frequency that gradually decreases to zero. Stimulation by a wire probe of a mucus-depleted epithelium produces a level of initial beat frequency much below normal. Depletion of the epithelial preparation is by an episode of "creeping" over a glass surface. Depletion of the epithelium could be demonstrated histochemically. Analysis of the data of particle velocity and beat frequency is consistent with a wave-length of 45 microns for the metachronous wave.

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The Effect of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on the Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Nasal Mucosa in Vitro

Acta Oto-Laryngologica ◽

10.3109/00016489209137462 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 697-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Steve R. Bonin ◽

P. Perry Phillips ◽

Thomas V. McCaffrey

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Human Nasal Mucosa ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolites ◽

Acid Metabolites ◽

Ciliary Beat

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Effects of Prostaglandins D, and E2on Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Upper Respiratory Ciliain Vitro

Acta Oto-Laryngologica ◽

10.3109/00016489509139344 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. 438-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. J. Schuil ◽

M. Ten Berge ◽

J. M. E. Van Gelder ◽

K. Graamans ◽

E. H. Huizing

Keyword(s):

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Ciliary Beat

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A Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study on the Effect of Buffered 0.9% and 3% Sodium Chloride Intranasal Sprays on Ciliary Beat Frequency

The Laryngoscope ◽

10.1097/01.mlg.0000157284.93280.f5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 115 (5) ◽

pp. 803-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

David A.M. Wabnitz ◽

Peter-John Wormald

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Randomized Controlled Study ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Ciliary Beat

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Apparatus for endoscopical, laser-based determination of ciliary beat frequency

10.1117/12.632909 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Bogdanovic ◽

B. Krattiger ◽

J. Ricka ◽

M. Frenz

Keyword(s):

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat

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Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215114002746 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (S1) ◽

pp. S45-S50 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J H Kim ◽

J Rimmer ◽

N Mrad ◽

S Ahmadzada ◽

R J Harvey

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

High Speed ◽

Imaging System ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Positive Control ◽

Clinical Dose ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sinonasal Mucosa ◽

Ciliary Beat

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the effect of Betadine on ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells.Methods:Epithelial cells from human sinonasal mucosa were cultured at the air–liquid interface. The cultures were tested with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing 10 mM HEPES (control), 100 µM ATP (positive control), 5 per cent Betadine or 10 per cent Betadine (clinical dose). Ciliary beat frequency was analysed using a high-speed camera on a computer imaging system.Results:Undiluted 10 per cent Betadine (n = 6) decreased the proportion of actively beating cilia over 1 minute (p < 0.01). Ciliary beat frequency decreased from 11.15 ± 4.64 Hz to no detectable activity. The result was similar with 5 per cent Betadine (n = 7), with no significant difference compared with the 10 per cent solution findings.Conclusion:Betadine, at either 5 and 10 per cent, was ciliotoxic. Caution should be applied to the use of topical Betadine solution on the respiratory mucosal surface.

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