scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests a Chibchan migration into Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Claudia Noguera-Santamaría ◽  
Carl Edlund Anderson ◽  
Daniel Uricoechea ◽  
Clemencia Durán ◽  
Ignacio Briceño-Balcázar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Native American ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
South American ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Genetic Structures

The characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) allows the establishment of genetic structures and phylogenetic relationships in human populations, tracing lineages far back in time. We analysed samples of mtDNA from twenty (20) Native American populations (700 individuals) dispersed throughout Colombian territory. Samples were collected during 1989-1993 in the context of the program Expedición Humana (“Human Expedition”) and stored in the Biological Repository of the Institute of Human Genetics (IGH) at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia). Haplogroups were determined by analysis of RFLPs. Most frequent was haplogroup A, with 338 individuals (48.3%). Haplogroup A is also one of the most frequent haplogroups in Mesoamerica, and we interpret our finding as supporting models that propose Chibchan-speaking groups migrated to northern Colombia from Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. Haplogroup C was found in 199 individuals (28.4%), while less frequent were B and D, with 113 and 41 (16% and 6%) individuals, respectively. The haplogroups of nine (9) individuals (1.3%) could not be determined due to the low quality of the samples of DNA. Although all the sampled populations had genetic structures that fit broadly into the patterns that might be expected for contemporary Central and South American indigenous groups, it was found that haplogroups A and B were more frequent in northern Colombia, while haplogroups C and D were more frequent in southern and south-western Colombia.

scholarly journals Analyses of DNA from ancient bones of a pre-Columbian Cuban woman and a child

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lleonart ◽  
Eileen Riego ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez Suárez ◽  
Rafael Travieso Ruiz ◽  
José de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
South American ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

Molecular anthropology has brought new possibilities into the study of ancient human populations. Amplification of chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been successfully employed in analyses of ancient bone material. Although several studies have reported on continental Amerindian populations, none have addressed the ancient populations inhabiting the Caribbean islands. We used STR and mtDNA analyses to study the skeletal remains of a Cuban Ciboney female adult holding an infant. Results showed that for the STR analyzed the skeletal remains shared common alleles, suggesting a relationship. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed sequence identity, thus corroborating a possible mother-child relationship. The mtDNA sequence grouped these remains into haplogroup A, commonly found in Amerindian populations. Based on these results, we speculated on a South American origin of pre-Columbian Antilles populations and possible infanticide practices in these populations. This constitutes the first report on DNA analysis of ancient pre-Columbian Cuban populations.

scholarly journals Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and the Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Torroni ◽  
T G Schurr ◽  
C C Yang ◽  
E J Szathmary ◽  
R C Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
South American ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas

Abstract Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 167 American Indians including 87 Amerind-speakers (Amerinds) and 80 Nadene-speakers (Nadene) were surveyed for sequence variation by detailed restriction analysis. All Native American mtDNAs clustered into one of four distinct lineages, defined by the restriction site variants: HincII site loss at np 13,259, AluI site loss at np 5,176, 9-base pair (9-bp) COII-tRNA(Lys) intergenic deletion and HaeIII site gain at np 663. The HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages were observed exclusively in Amerinds and were shared by all such tribal groups analyzed, thus demonstrating that North, Central and South American Amerinds originated from a common ancestral genetic stock. The 9-bp deletion and HaeIII np 663 lineages were found in both the Amerinds and Nadene but the Nadene HaeIII np 663 lineage had a unique sublineage defined by an RsaI site loss at np 16,329. The amount of sequence variation accumulated in the Amerind HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages and that in the Amerind portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage all gave divergence times in the order of 20,000 years before present. The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000-10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds. The divergence times of both the Amerind and Nadene branches of the COII-tRNA(Lys) deletion lineage were intermediate between the Amerind and Nadene specific lineages, raising the possibility of a third source of mtDNA in American Indians.

Flattening and Unpacking Human Genetic Variation in Mexico, Postwar to Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Hugo Anaya-Muñoz ◽  
Vivette García-Deister ◽  
Edna Suárez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Native American ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Social Demographic

ArgumentThis paper analyzes the research strategies of three different cases in the study of human genetics in Mexico – the work of Rubén Lisker in the 1960s, INMEGEN's mapping of Mexican genomic diversity between 2004 and 2009, and the analysis of Native American variation by Andrés Moreno and his colleagues in contemporary research. We make a distinction between an approach that incorporates multiple disciplinary resources into sampling design and interpretation (unpacking), from one that privileges pragmatic considerations over more robust multidisciplinary analysis (flattening). These choices have consequences for social, demographic, and biomedical practices, and also for accounts of genetic variation in human populations. While the former strategyunpacksfine-grained genetic variation – favoring precision and realism, the latter tends toflattenindividual differences and historical depth in lieu of generalization.

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Substantial Native American Ancestry in Puerto Rico

Human Biology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Martinez-Cruzado ◽  
G Toro-Labrador ◽  
V Ho-Fung ◽  
M Estevez-Montero ◽  
A Lobaina-Manzanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Native American ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Native American Ancestry ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Analysis

scholarly journals Unenlagiinae revisited: dromaeosaurid theropods from South América

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Gianechini ◽  
Sebastian Apesteguia
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Past

Over the past two decades, the record of South American unenlagiine dromaeosaurids was substantially increased both in quantity as well as in quality of specimens. Here is presented a summary review of the South American record for these theropods.Unenlagia comahuensis, Unenlagia paynemili, and Neuquenraptor argentinus come from the Portezuelo Formation, the former genus being the most complete and with putative avian features. Neuquenraptor is more incomplete and exhibits pedal features resembling those of Unenlagia. The earliest and most complete South American dromaeosaurid is Buitreraptor gonzalezoru, whose preserved cranial remains, provides important data in the characterization of unenlagiines. The most recently described,Austroraptor cabazai also with cranial remains, allows further comparisons with Laurasian lineages and a better characterization of unenlagiines. The possible synonymy between nenlagia and Neuquenraptor is discussed. Additional evidences from Brazil and Colombia show that dinosaurs with similar dentition to that of unenlagiines were present in the whole South America. However, it is not possible to discart that these remains may belong to other unknown maniraptoran lineages, considering the increasing number of taxa of this group found in South America.

scholarly journals Aspects of Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Different Populations for Understanding Human Evolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesheva D.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Analysis ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The evolution of modern humans is a long and difficult process which started from their first appearance and continues to the present day. The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.

scholarly journals High Resolution Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Sheds Light on Human Diversity, Cultural Interactions and Population Mobility in Northwestern Amazonia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Arias ◽  
Chiara Barbieri ◽  
Guillermo Barreto ◽  
Mark Stoneking ◽  
Brigitte Pakendorf
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Pristine Area ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTObjectivesNorthwestern Amazonia (NWA) is a center of high linguistic and cultural diversity. Several language families and linguistic isolates occur in this region, as well as different subsistence patterns: some groups are foragers while others are agriculturalists. In addition, speakers of Eastern Tukanoan languages are known for practicing linguistic exogamy, a marriage system in which partners must come from different language groups. In this study, we use high resolution mitochondrial DNA sequencing to investigate the impact of this linguistic and cultural diversity on the genetic relationships and structure of NWA groups.MethodsWe collected saliva samples from individuals representing 40 different NWA ethnolinguistic groups and sequenced 439 complete mitochondrial genomes to an average coverage of 1030x.ResultsThe mtDNA data revealed that NWA populations have high genetic diversity with extensive sharing of haplotypes among groups. Moreover, groups who practice linguistic exogamy have higher mtDNA diversity, while the foraging Nukak have lower diversity. We also find that rivers play a more important role than either geography or language affiliation in structuring the genetic relationships of populations.DiscussionContrary to the view of NWA as a pristine area inhabited by small human populations living in isolation, our data support a view of high diversity and contact among different ethnolinguistic groups; movement along rivers has probably facilitated this contact. Additionally, we provide evidence for the impact of cultural practices, such as linguistic exogamy, on patterns of genetic variation. Overall, this study provides new data and insights into a remote and little-studied region of the world.

Mental Health and Quality of Life in Native American Adults

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethanee Lemesurier ◽  
Jordan Tabb ◽  
Mary Pritchard ◽  
Theodore McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Native American
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