scholarly journals Attitudes on Affirmative Action in University Students: Effects of Race, Political Beliefs and Prejudice

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Pilati ◽  
Mathieu Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explicit Measures

The interplay between explicit and implicit attitudes toward affirmative action (AA) policies is relevant to applied psychology. Its comprehension helps to improve our capacity to evaluate support for such policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which students’ race, political opinion of affirmative action, and prejudice against minorities influence the relationship between implicit-explicit attitudes toward affirmative action policies. 492 student participants were recruited from a large Brazilian public university about racial quotas in admissions. Implicit and explicit measures of attitude about the admission process were applied, together with measures of political opinion of affirmative action, prejudice against minorities and race. The results show that race has little effect on the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes about the admission process, but that prejudice and political position exert strong effects. Our findings suggest that implicit measures of attitudes should be used when evaluating attitudes on AA.

The relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes to British accents in enhancing the persuasiveness of children’s oral health campaigns

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit Measurement ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper seeks to improve the persuasiveness of oral health campaigns by investigating the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes to British accents. Forty-seven participants from Tayside, East Scotland, first completed an implicit task which asked participants to judge the truth value of 120 trivia statements, divided into six different accents, as quickly as possible. This was complimented by an identical written task at the end of the experiment in less pressurised conditions. Both audio and written responses to the statements were analysed using signal detection theory, which revealed that Estuary English was more persuasive than the local accent, Dundee English (p = 0.039), and the stigmatised multi-ethnolect, Multicultural London English (p = 0.002). Participants also completed an explicit task involving two matched-guise tests with the same six accents in a neutral and dental context. Results update our knowledge of explicit attitudes to British accents in a modern linguistic landscape, and shed light on correlations between implicit and explicit attitudes. Using Bassili and Brown’s (2005) Potentiated Recruitment Framework, it is argued that the relationship is mediated by participants’ self-presentation concerns and the perceived social penalties of expressing bias. Sociolinguistic implications of implicit measurement procedures are discussed regarding the development of oral health campaigns.

scholarly journals Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Private Context ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Preferences that are products of introspection and endorsed by the respondent (explicit attitudes) can conflict with preferences that are measured indirectly and do not require conscious introspection or endorsement (implicit attitudes). In three studies, two factors are examined that may predict when implicit and explicit attitudes will be associated or dissociated: self-presentation and attitude elaboration. In the first study, evidence that increasing self-presentation demands negatively affected implicit-explicit correspondence was observed through a manipulation of a public and a private context in which the attitude was reported. In the second study, elaborating an attitude for 20 minutes increased implicit-explicit correspondence compared to a control attitude. The third study reports a synthesis of web-based and laboratory tasks that varied in self-presentation and elaboration. Perceived self-presentation and elaboration produced stable differences in implicit-explicit correspondence such that attitude objects with low self-presentation concerns and high elaboration showed the strongest correspondence. These data suggest that existing models cannot sufficiently account for the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes, and that the relationship between automatic and consciously mediated preferences is both reliable and predictable.

scholarly journals Preservice Teachers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Teaching and Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Zaruba ◽  
Andrea Westphal ◽  
Franziska Gutmann ◽  
Miriam Vock
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Teaching And Learning Research ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

When it comes to teacher attitudes towards teaching and learning, research relies heavily on explicit measures (e.g., questionnaires). These attitudes are generally conceptualized as constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning with constructivism often considered to be more desirable. In explicit measures, this can have drawbacks like socially desirable responding. It is for this reason that, in this study, we investigated implicit attitudes as well as explicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission. N = 100 preservice teachers worked on a questionnaire and two Single-Target Implicit Association Tests (ST-IAT constructivism and ST-IAT transmission) before (T1) and after (T2) a single master’s semester. One group (n = 50) did student teaching while a second group (n = 50) took master’s courses. We evaluated preservice teachers’ views on teaching at the end of their masters’ studies. Participants agreed with transmission and constructivism (T1) on both an explicit and implicit level. Implicit measures seem to exceed explicit measures in differentially assessing constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning. After student teaching (T2), there was no overall effect of attitude development but changes in rank indicate that participants’ implicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission developed differently for each individual.

Implicit and explicit attitudes of Chinese youth toward the second-generation rich

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyan Hu ◽  
Najam ul Hasan Abbasi ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Feeling Thermometer ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the implicit attitudes of Chinese youth towards the second-generation rich, and the relationship of these with their explicit attitudes. Participants were 119 undergraduate students (58 men and 61 women). Using the Semantic Differential Measure and the Feeling Thermometer Scale, we examined the participants' explicit attitudes, and we used the Implicit Association Test to assess their implicit attitudes toward the second-generation rich. Results showed that the participants did not show a negative implicit attitude towards the secondgeneration rich. However, the participants exhibited a negative explicit attitude toward the second-generation rich. These results are consistent with previous research. This suggests that the second-generation rich can take advantage of these findings and project a more positive image of themselves to other people in China.

Marital Attitudes and Implicit Associations Tests (IAT) among Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2094989
Author(s):  
Scott S. Hall ◽  
Kwang-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Attitudes Toward Marriage ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

Attitudes toward marriage have primarily been explored on the direct or explicit level through self-report measures, neglecting the potential influence of implicit attitudes. Using computer-based experimentation, the current investigation focused on employing Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures, an approach common in some psychological sciences, but yet to be prominent in published marriage and family research. The IAT measures implicit attitudes—those that operate on a spontaneous or more affective level. One-hundred and thirty-three participants completed two forms of the IAT: one that contrasted marriage with singlehood and the other that provided no contrasting concept to marriage. Results indicated that the former correlated positively with corresponding explicit measures of attitudes, though they shared minimal variance. The latter had no correlation with explicit measures. Results suggest that processes account for implicit and explicit attitudes about marriage. Implications of using both IAT measures are discussed.

DISSOCIATION BETWEEN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE RICH IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF CHINA

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Dengfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

In developing countries in which the gap between the rich and the poor is wide, we hypothesized a dissociation between people's implicit and explicit attitudes towards the rich. We tested this hypothesis in China, the world's largest emerging economy. As predicted, Chinese participants exhibited a negative attitude towards the rich in responding to a questionnaire which measured their explicit attitude. In contrast, when an implicit measure was used, they were found to hold a positive attitude towards the rich. In addition, the correlation between the explicit and implicit measures was not significant.

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