scholarly journals The Coming Single-Aisle, Narrow-body Aircraft Bonanza

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (04) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Provincial Government ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
The Many ◽  
Export Credit Agencies ◽  
The U.S

This article describes the lucrative market for single-aisle narrow-body (SANB) commercial aircraft for the next 20 years. The SANB market has been the most lucrative for engine manufacturers. Boeing’s 737 and Airbus’s A320 families are powered by twin 30,000 pounds-thrust engines from CFM International or from International Aero Engines number in the many thousands. Of the 19,400 airplanes now in the worldwide air transport fleet, according to Airbus, for aircraft above 100 seats, 87% of all routes flown and 78% of all seats offered are in SANB airplanes. With the single-aisle jet liner market at record levels, not surprisingly, new players want a piece of this Boeing/Airbus duopoly pie. Both Airbus and Boeing have relied extensively over the last few years on customer financing support from export credit agencies such as the U.S. Export–Import Bank. The Russian and Chinese jets are government funded. Bombardier is getting Canadian and provincial government aid to develop the CSeries.

scholarly journals Towards Net Zero export credit: current approaches and next steps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hale ◽  
Andreas Klasen ◽  
Norman Ebner ◽  
Bianca Krämer ◽  
Anastasia Kantzelis
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Export Credit Agencies

As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science. However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.

American Soldiers and Okinawan Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuko Takushi Crissey
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Biracial Children ◽  
Civilian Leaders ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

In September, 1945, with most Okinawans still in refugee camps, the U.S. military ordered elections for civilian leaders in which women were granted the right to vote for the first time, seven months earlier than in mainland Japan. Yet they were far more concerned about the many rapes committed by American soldiers. Women and girls were abducted from fields while searching for food, dragged away from their homes, and assaulted in front of their families. After months of inaction, the U.S. military decided to set up “special amusement areas” for prostitution in certain towns. Some Okinawans favoured this policy as a “breakwater” to protect women and children of “good” families, while others opposed it as exploitation of women. In 1967, at the peak of the Vietnam War, an estimated 10,000 women engaged in prostitution. In 1948 the U.S. military rescinded a ban on marriages between U.S. soldiers and Okinawan women that failed to prevent couples from having intimate relations and living together. Still, commanding officers pressured soldiers not to marry, threatening disciplinary transfers. By 1967, among thousands of biracial children in Okinawa, about half were raised by mothers or their relatives with little or no financial support from fathers.

A Clearer Picture of this Country

Heading Out ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
State Department ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S

This chapter analyzes the development and use of camping trailers, particularly the history of Airstream trailers and the company's colourful founder, Wally Byam. Byam initially came to Southern California in the 1920s to make his fortune in Hollywood, but he found success only after he began to sell trailer plans and trailers themselves during the early 1930s. After Byam passed away in 1962, the Wally Byam Foundation worked with the Airstream Company and the U.S. State Department to create several programs that used trailer camping as a means to familiarize foreign diplomats and others with the “real America.” Moreover, the experiences of Carolyn Bennett Patterson and the many participants in the trailer camping adventures organized by the Wally Byam Foundation suggest that trailer camping fits within the arc of camping's development.

Afterword

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gay Rights ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

Gay rights and marriage equality have advanced so far in the U.S. in the past decade that it would be all too easy to assume that the struggle is over. The opponents of gay rights, however, remain powerful. Readers can take inspiration from how dramatically attitudes toward gay rights have liberalized in the past two decades and how transformative the liberalization of attitudes has been. We live in a world where political lies often seem to have the upper hand. It is worth remembering that despite the many short term advantages that lies can yield in politics, the truth has some long term advantages as well. The way the marriage equality movement prevailed should be a lesson to anyone who wants to make progressive social change.

Signing, Sectarian Schools, and the Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-151
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Dierenfield ◽  
David A. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Establishment Clause ◽  
District Court ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Sectarian Schools ◽  
Civil Libertarian ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines and analyzes the five-year journey of Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (1993) from the federal district court in Tucson to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit to the U.S. Supreme Court. William Bentley Ball, the Zobrests’ attorney, and John Richardson, the school district’s attorney, clashed over whether the Establishment Clause permitted any government aid to a Catholic school. Many religious and civil libertarian groups—but just one national deaf association—filed arguments to sway the court. Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who wrote the majority decision favoring the Zobrests, misunderstood the complicated function of a sign language interpreter to permit what he regarded as incidental parochial school aid. Rehnquist maintained the aid was permissible because the plaintiffs and their deaf son were its main beneficiaries.

8 Official Funding Sources: Export Credit Agencies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisoff Alexander ◽  
Pendleton Andrew ◽  
Blundell Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Export Credit Agencies

This chapter focuses on export credit agencies (ECAs). ECAs are government-backed suppliers of financing and other credit support. As enablers of government policy and ‘soft diplomacy’, they possess a variety of tools that are not available to commercial financial institutions alone. Among the most important of these tools is the ability to offer financial terms that are more competitive than those available in the market. ECAs are able to provide financial liquidity in challenging times, making them attractive market participants in all types of credit environments. ECAs are an essential source of capital for the financing of cross-border trade, including for the financing of major infrastructure projects worldwide. In the coming years ECAs will likely continue to play a pivotal role in the financing of global energy, natural resources and infrastructure projects.

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