scholarly journals Catalyzing a Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Castaldi Marco J.
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
New Products ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Plastic Materials

Abstract To meet the ambitious targets ahead of us, all possible processes and technologies must be considered to ensure end-of-life plastics are not disposed in landfills. Chemical recycling can repurpose used plastics into new products, including new plastics, industrial products, and transportation fuels. In addition to creating new products, these technologies keep these plastic materials circulating within the existing infrastructure and economy.

Evaluation of post-consumer cellulosic textile waste for chemical recycling based on cellulose degree of polymerization and molar mass distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5067-5075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Wedin ◽  
Marta Lopes ◽  
Herbert Sixta ◽  
Michael Hummel
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molar Mass Distribution ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulosic Textiles

The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of which end-of-life cellulosic textiles can be used for chemical recycling according to their composition, wear life and laundering—domestic versus service sector. For that purpose, end-of-life textiles were generated through laboratorial laundering of virgin fabrics under domestic and industrial conditions, and the cellulose content and its intrinsic viscosity and molar mass distribution were measured in all samples after two, 10, 20, and 50 laundering cycles. Results presented herein also address the knowledge gap concerning polymer properties of end-of-life man-made cellulosic fabrics—viscose and Lyocell. The results show that post-consumer textiles from the home consumer sector, using domestic laundering, can be assumed to have a similar, or only slightly lower, degree of polymerization than the virgin textiles (−15%). Post-consumer textiles from the service sector, using industrial laundering, can be assumed to have a substantially lower degree of polymerization. An approximate decrease of up to 80% of the original degree of polymerization can be expected when they are worn out. A higher relative decrease for cotton than man-made cellulosic textiles is expected. Furthermore, in these laboratorial laundering trials, no evidence evolved that the cellulose content in blended polyester fabrics would be significantly affected by domestic or industrial laundering. With respect to molar mass distribution, domestic post-consumer cotton waste seems to be the most suitable feedstock for chemical textile recycling using Lyocell-type processes, although a pre-treatment step might be required to remove contaminants and lower the intrinsic viscosity to 400–500 ml/g.

The Influence of Product Characteristics on the Export Performance of New Industrial Products

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. Mcguinness ◽  
Blair Little
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
New Products ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Better Than

New products tend to achieve better than average export sales. But all new products are not exportable, so managers face a problem in deciding which new products to emphasize. This study of 82 Canadian industrial goods firms shows that relative advantage is not the only characteristic to consider in judging a new product's export potential.

Assessing and Generating Modules for Product Recovery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyeon Kim ◽  
Seung Ki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
New Products ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Modular Product

As technology pushes customers to buy new released products, especially mobile phone, high product replacement from the customers plays a role in increasing production rate for new products and rate of abandoned products. It accelerates environmental degradation like natural resource usage for the new products and pollutions generated by disposing the abandoned products. In this respect, product recovery is needed to reduce landfill rates, and resource usages, and prolong product lifecycle. Modular drivers such as interface design, material type, and components’ lifespan are applied to design modules for product recovery. The objective of this research is to support designers to assess initial modules and then reorganize modules for product recovery. First, according to conventional modular product design, the initial modules are generated. Then, since it is difficult to estimate how much the modules have negative effects on environment, the environmental impacts of a product are assessed by Eco-Indicator 99 based on used materials. Also, the complexity of the interface design is measured to understand how the modules are easily disassembled for upgrading and maintaining end-of-life products by using weighted-modular complexity score (wMCS). After assessing the product based on the Eco-Indicator 99 and wMCS, we apply new design guidelines to improve sustainability of a product in the end of life stage. Consequently, we compare the extent to design for sustainability before and after redesigning a product based on the design guideline. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the modular product design, we carry out a case study with a coffee maker.

The Research about the Application of the Integration of Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Xue Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
New Products ◽  
Industrial Products

This paper describes the method to integrate the reverse engineering and rapid prototyping and analysis the characters and some key problems in the integration. Through two application cases in artwork and industrial products, the application technical method in the integration was demonstrated. The application of the integration can increase company’s ability to develop new products and can accelerate the speed in the development.

scholarly journals Competition and Integration in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network with Variational Inequality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengui Zhou ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Jian Cao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Variational Inequality ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
New Products ◽  
Horizontal Merger ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
And Storage

A closed-loop supply chain network involves the manufactured and remanufactured homogeneous products. It comprises operation links to represent business activities including manufacturing/remanufacturing activities, treatment activities for EOL products, transportation activities, and storage activities, which are performed by the firms. Among all closed-loop supply chain problems, the horizontal merger of oligopolistic firms is so important and attracting to both businessman and researchers. In this paper, the interaction of the competitive firms prior to horizontal merger is analyzed. Three networks including prior to horizontal merger, postpartial merger, and complete merger are studied. Simultaneously, three economical models for these networks on different conditions of mergers are established and discussed. The variational inequality formulations are used for these three models, whose solutions give out the production quantity of new products, and remanufactured products, the product flows for new products, remanufactured products and end-of-life products at every path, the demand quantity, the recovery quantity of end-of-life products and the equilibrium prices. Finally, numerical examples are tested and illustrated for the proposed models.

scholarly journals Recycling Potential of Plastic Resources from End-of-Life Passenger Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10285
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Shiyu Huang ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Yiyi Ju
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Recyclable Resources

A rapid increase in the number of end-of-life (EoL) passenger vehicles has led to a large amount of waste plastics in China. However, the scale and efficiency of recycling resources from EoL vehicles still restricts the sustainable and healthy development of the automotive industry. The current behavior of automotive/recycling industry entities, as well as the strategy of waste management policymakers, may depend on the potential of total recyclable resources. To reveal such recycling potential of various plastic materials in EoL passenger vehicles, we predicted total EoL passenger vehicles in China from 2021 to 2030 (used the Weibull distribution) considering passenger vehicle ownership (estimated by the Gompertz model), quantified the demand for new passenger vehicles (estimated using its non-linear relationship with income level and passenger vehicle ownership), and assessed the recyclable plastics by categories and by provinces. The results show that (i) the annual average recycled plastic resources from EoL vehicles would exceed 2400 thousand t in 2030, more than 2.5 times in 2021, showing a great recycling potential; (ii) the differences among the three scenarios are relatively small, indicating that no matter the saturation level of passenger vehicles in China would be high or low, a rapid increase of recyclable plastic resources can be expected from 2021 to 2030; (iii) at the provincial level, a considerable gap between the potential of recycling plastic from EoL passenger vehicles and the regional processing capacity. Given such great potential and regional differences, the recycling policies should be applied in stages and consider the development level and recovery pressure in each region.

scholarly journals Chemical Recycling of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via Zinc‐Catalyzed Depolymerization and Polymerization

ChemistryOpen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223-1223
Author(s):  
Even Cheung ◽  
Christoph Alberti ◽  
Stephan Enthaler
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Chemical Recycling
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