A Study on Low NOx Combustion in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Temperature

Developing integrated coal gasification combined-cycle systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of an air-blown entrained-flow type has a calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. This study is performed in a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor firing low-Btu coal-gasified fuel in IGCC systems. An advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas and to reduce fuel NOx emissions from the ammonia in the fuel. The main fuel and the combustion air are supplied into a fuel-rich combustion chamber with strong swirl flow and make fuel-rich flame to decompose ammonia into intermediate reactants such as NHi and HCN. The secondary air is mixed with primary combustion gas dilatorily to suppress the oxidization of ammonia reactants in fuel-lean combustion chamber and to promote a reducing process to nitrogen. By testing under atmospheric pressure conditions, the authors have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of combustor exit gas temperature on combustion characteristics. Since we have ascertained the excellent performance of the tested combustor through our extensive investigation, we wish to report on the results.

A Study on Low NOx Combustion in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Nakata ◽  
Mikio Sato ◽  
Toru Ninomiya ◽  
Takeharu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Secondary Air

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air-blown entrained-flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. This study is performed in a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor firing low-Btu coal-gasified fuel in IGCC systems. An advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. The main fuel and the combustion air is supplied into fuel-rich combustion chamber with strong swirl flow and make fuel-rich flame to decompose ammonia into intermediate reactants such as NHi and HCN. The secondary air is mixed with primary combustion gas dilatorily to suppress the oxidization of ammonia reactants in fuel-lean combustion chamber and to promote a reducing process to nitrogen. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, the authors have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of combustor exit gas temperature on combustion characteristics. Since we have ascertained the excellent performance of the tested combustor through our extensive investigation, we wish to report on the results.

Effect of Pressure on Combustion Characteristics in LBG-Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Coal Gasifier

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures that Japan will have cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. Reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in IGCC. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air blown entrained-flow type has a calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The study is performed in 1300°C-class gas turbine combustor firing coal-gasifier fuel in IGCC power generation systems. In the previous study [1] the advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas fuel and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have studied the effects of fuel parameters on combustor performances and listed the basic data for development applications. In this study, by testing it under pressurized conditions, we have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of pressure on combustion characteristics and wish to provide herein a summary of our findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure on Combustion Characteristics in LBG–Fueled 1300°C–Class Gas Turbine

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Nakata ◽  
Mikio Sato ◽  
Toru Ninomiya ◽  
Toshiyuki Yoshine ◽  
Masahiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Effect Of Pressure

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures that Japan will have cost–effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in IGCC. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air–blown entrained–flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The study is performed in 1300°C–class gas turbine combustor firing coal–gasified fuel in IGCC power generation systems. In the previous study the advanced rich–lean combustor of 150–MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low–Btu gas fuel and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have studied the effects of fuel parameters on combustor performances and listed the basic data for development applications. In this study, by testing it under pressurized conditions, we have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of pressure on combustion characteristics and wish to provide herein a summary of our findings.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

Application of Ultra-Low NOx Combustor to the MHPS Existing Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishiumi ◽  
Hirofumi Ohara ◽  
Kotaro Miyauchi ◽  
Sosuke Nakamura ◽  
Toshishige Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Design Development ◽  
And Control

Abstract In recent years, MHPS achieved a NET M501J gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) efficiency in excess of 62% operating at 1,600°C, while maintaining NOx under 25ppm. Taking advantage of our gas turbine combustion design, development and operational experience, retrofits of earlier generation gas turbines have been successfully applied and will be described in this paper. One example of the latest J-Series technologies, a conventional pilot nozzle was changed to a premix type pilot nozzle for low emission. The technology was retrofitted to the existing F-Series gas turbines, which resulted in emission rates of lower than 9ppm NOx(15%O2) while maintaining the same Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT: Average Gas Temperature at the exit of the transition piece). After performing retrofitting design, high pressure rig tests, the field test prior to commercial operation was conducted on January 2019. This paper describes the Ultra-Low NOx combustor design features, retrofit design, high pressure rig test and verification test results of the upgraded M501F gas turbine. In addition, it describes another upgrade of turbine to improve efficiency and of combustion control system to achieve low emissions. Furthermore it describes the trouble-free upgrade of seven (7) units, which was completed by utilizing MHPS integration capabilities, including handling all the design, construction and service work of the main equipment, plant and control systems.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Topping Stage Based on Energy Exchangers: Process and Performance

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Zauner ◽  
Yau-Pin Chyou ◽  
Frederic Walraven ◽  
Rolf Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
And Performance

Power generation in gas turbines is facing three main challenges today: • Low pollution prescribed by legal requirements. • High efficiency to obtain low operating cost and low CO2 emissions. • High specific power output to obtain low product and installation cost. Unfortunately, some of these requirements are contradictory: high efficiency and specific power force the development towards higher temperatures and pressures which increase NOx emissions and intensify the cooling and material strength problems. A breakthrough can be achieved by applying an energy exchanger as a topping stage. Inherent advantages are the self-cooled cell-rotor which can be exposed to much higher gas temperature than a steady-flow turbine and a very short residence time at peak temperature which keeps NOx emissions under control. The basic idea has been proposed long time ago. Fundamental research has now led to a new energy exchanger concept. Key issues include symmetric pressure-wave processes, partial suppression of flow separation and fluid mixing, as well as quick afterburning in premixed mode. The concept has been proven in a laboratory-scale engine with very promising results. The application of an energy exchanger as a topping stage onto existing gas turbines would increase the efficiency by 17% (relative) and the power by 25%. Since the temperature level in the turbine remains unchanged, the performance improvement can also be fully utilized in combined cycle applications. This process indicates great potentials for developing advanced gas turbine systems as well as for retrofitting existing ones.

Mild Combustion in a Novel CCGT Cycle With Partial Flue Gas Recirculation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Camporeale ◽  
F. Casalini ◽  
A. Saponaro
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Mild Combustion ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A novel Combined Cycle Gas Turbine layout is proposed for using heavy fuel oil in a combustion mode called “Mild Combustion”, characterized by a very low adiabatic flame temperature and flat temperature field in the combustion chamber and low pollutant emissions. “Mild Combustion” is obtained by means of the dilution of reactants with inert gas like combustion product resulting in a very low oxygen concentration of the mixture at the ignition. To stabilize the combustion process in such a condition the reactants temperature has to be raised above the self ignition value. In industrial application this particular preconditioning of the reactants can be reached partially before the combustion chamber and finally in process by means of a performed aerodynamic that further dilute and heat-up the mixture. An experimental analysis of the oil combustion behaviour inside the gas turbine exhaust flow has been arranged at Centro Combustione of Ansaldo Caldaie in Gioia del Colle (Italy). The turbine exhaust gases are simulated by mixing those produced in a gas burner with external air preheated at different temperatures in order to have different final oxygen concentrations and temperature levels. The influence of the main combustion parameters regarding the process feasibility and environmental impact are presented and analysed. Good results in terms of NOx emissions and soot formation have been obtained for heavy oil combustion in a 10% oxygen oxidizer concentration requiring a combustion chamber inlet temperature of about 900K. In order to meet these conditions, a novel CCGT cycle in which about 64% of combustion products are re-circulated before entering the combustion chamber, is proposed. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the efficiency that could be achieved by the proposed cycle is a few percent lower than the efficiency of a combined cycle power plant fuelling natural gas, with the same turbine inlet temperature and similar turbine blade cooling technology.

scholarly journals Development of Ceramic Components for a Power Generating Gas Turbine

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hara ◽  
T. Tsuchiya ◽  
F. Maeda ◽  
I. Tsuji ◽  
K. Wada
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Cooperative Research Program

Since 1984, TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) has been conducting a cooperative research program to apply ceramics to power generating gas turbines with three Japanese gas turbine manufacturers (Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., and Hitachi, Ltd.). The goal of the program is development of a 20MW class gas turbine with turbine inlet temperature of 1,300C (1,573K) to improve the efficiency of coal gasification combined cycle power generation. Preliminary design of the gas turbine was conducted during 1984–1985 and basic design criteria, such as desired configuration and material properties, were established. Based on the results of the preliminary design, it was decided to apply ceramics to the liner and transition piece of the combustor, the 1st and 2nd stage nozzles and 1st stage rotor in a three stage turbine. As for the rotors, development efforts were also applied to thermal barrier coatings on conventional metal blades. Parallel efforts have been conducted on the development of each ceramic component since 1986. This paper will review the design of ceramic components from structural and material standpoints, and present results obtained from tests conducted under various operational conditions.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of Gas Turbine – Fuel Cell Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreeramulu ◽  
A. V. S. S. K. S. Gupta ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction

The newer power generation systems are becoming more important for the society due to increase in demand for the electrical energy utilization and higher energy conversion efficiencies. Though it is not new, fuel cell technology is one of the promising systems for cleaner and competitive alternate power generation system. When the fuel cells are integrated with the gas turbines, the total thermal efficiency of the combined cycle can be obtained greater than 60%. This is appreciably better exergetic performance when compared to traditional gas turbine cycle. In this work, thermodynamic analysis of SOFC-GT combined system (2.898MW) has been carried out, to evaluate energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of each component is calculated. The effect of compression ratio (rp), turbine inlet temperature (TIT), air fuel ratio and ambient temperature of air, on the performance of the system has been analyzed by adopting the different fuels. The outcome of the system modeling reveals that SOFC and combustion chamber are the main sources of exergy destruction. When the methane, natural gas and coal gas are used as fuels, at the optimum compression ratio 9, the total thermal efficiencies are found to be 63.3%, 62.12% and 61.02% respectively. The exergy efficiencies are obtained respectively as 60.85%, 59.16% and 60.06%.

scholarly journals Coal Gaseous Fueled, Low Fuel-NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Fuel Nox

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low–BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program on the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, is planned to develop the 1300 °C class gas turbines. However, in the case of using a hot type fuel gas cleaning system, the coal gas fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel–NOx combustion technology is one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel–NOx combustion technology for 1300 °C class gas turbine combustor using low BTU coal gas fuel. Authors have showed that the rich–lean combustion method is effective to decrease fuel–NOx (1). In general in rich–lean combustion method, the fuel–NOx decreases, as the primary zone becomes richer. But flameholding becomes very difficult in even rich primary zone. For this reason this combustor was designed to have a flameholder with pilot flame. Combustion tests were conducted by using a full scale combustor used in 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure condition.

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