Improved Dynamic Model of the Human Knee Joint and Its Response to Impact Loading on the Lower Leg

Almost a decade ago, three-dimensional formulation for the dynamic modeling of an articulating human joint was introduced. Two-dimensional version of this fomulation was subsequently applied to the knee joint. However, because of the iterative nature of the solution technique, this model cannot handle impact conditions. In this paper, alternative solution methods are introduced which enable investigation of the response of the human knee to impact loading on the lower leg via an anatomically based model. In addition, the classical impact theory is applied to the same model and a closed-form solution is obtained. The shortcomings of the classical impact theory as applied to the impact problem of the knee joint are delineated.

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How the External Impact Energy Affects the Internal Kinetics of Knee Joint: The Comparison of Porcine and Human Knee Joint

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2003-42913 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Jaw-Lin Wang ◽

Cheng-Hsien Chung ◽

Chung-Kai Chiang

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Impact Loading ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Knee Joints ◽

External Energy ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Internal Joint ◽

Porcine Knee

Degenerative osteoarthritis is recognized as the consequences of mechanical injuries. The abnormal impact force applied to articular cartilage would result in bone fracture or surface fissuring, and would cause the osteoarthritis [1,2]. The relation among the injury and impact energy was well studied. However, how the external energy attenuated to the internal joint is not carefully studied yet. The porcine knee joint was used as a biomechanical model for the simulation of human knee joint during impact loading. The objective of current study was to find the variation of kinetic characteristics between human and porcine knee joint during axial impact loading. Eight fresh-frozen knee joints from 10 month-old swine and seven cadaver human knee joints were used in the experiment. The mechanical responses such as forces and bending moment of knee joint, and the accelerations of femur was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the axial force response between human and porcine joints was similar, however, the anteroposterior shear, flexion bening moment and accelerations of these two joints were different.

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Three-dimensional dynamic behaviour of the human knee joint under impact loading

Medical Engineering & Physics ◽

10.1016/s1350-4533(98)00010-1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 276-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Eihab Muhammed Abdel-Rahman ◽

Mohamed Samir Hefzy

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Impact Loading ◽

Dynamic Behaviour ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint

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Analytical Study of Transient Heat Transfer in a Triangular Moving Porous Fin with Temperature Dependant Thermal Properties

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.393.31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 393 ◽

pp. 31-46

Author(s):

Partner Luyanda Ndlovu

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

Closed Form Solution ◽

Transformation Method ◽

Form Solution ◽

Solution Technique ◽

Porous Fin ◽

Approximate Analytical Solutions ◽

Numerical Solver ◽

The Impact ◽

Darcy’S Model

The present work investigates heat enhancement through a moving porous fin of trangular profile. The interaction between the fluid and the porous media in not locally thermodynamic equilibrium. The transport through the porous medium is derived using Darcy’s model. The calculations are carried out using the two-dimensional Differential Transformation Method (2D DTM), which is an analytical solution technique that can be applied to various types of differential equations. The approximate analytical solutions are validated using the numerical solution obtained via the inbuilt numerical solver in MATLAB (pdepe). The results reveal that the 2D DTM can achieve accurate results in predicting the solution of such problems. The impact of the thermal parameters on temperature distribution is performed using the closed-form solution generated by DTM.

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Design and Development of Post Knee Arthroscopy Assist Device

International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering ◽

10.4018/ijbce.2014010102 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Rajeshwari Rengarajan

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Arthroscopy ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Continuous Passive Motion ◽

Electronic Components ◽

Assist Device ◽

Human Knee ◽

The People ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

The Impact

Designing and developing a device which provides a solution for knee spasms for the people who underwent surgery in the knee due to injury by enhancing the ability of motion in the knee joint and also strengthening the weak muscles. After operative procedures the patient remains in bed rest which results in passiveness in the lower limb and Range of Motion (ROM) will be reduced due to the impact of the injury. Thus, the Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) device is designed to lessen edema and swelling of the knee followed by injuries or surgeries. This device replaces the all time presence of physiotherapist and can accomplish such routine physical movements without the guidance and assistance of physiotherapist. The key feature in constructing a CPM is in the establishment of an accurate alignment with the human knee joint enabling the device to deliver similar movements as the actual body. Emergency switch is employed to the patients and they can stop the system in case of emergency or discomfort. This system comprises of Mechanical and Electronic components to full fill the necessity of the device requirements.

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