The Effects of Femoral Fixed Body Coordinate System Definition on Knee Kinematic Description

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Lenz ◽  
Amitkumar Mane ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky ◽  
Nicholas A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Helical Axis ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Knee Kinematic ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Knee Simulator ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Understanding the differences in knee kinematic descriptions is important for comparing data from different laboratories and observing small but important changes within a set of knees. The purpose of this study was to identify how differences in fixed body femoral coordinate systems affect the described tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics for cadaveric knee studies with no hip present. Different methods for describing kinematics were evaluated on a set of seven cadaveric knees during walking in a dynamic knee simulator. Three anatomical landmark coordinate systems, a partial helical axis, and an experimental setup-based system were examined. The results showed that flexion-extension was insensitive to differences in the kinematic systems tested, internal-external rotation was similar for most femoral coordinate systems although there were changes in absolute position, varus-valgus was the most sensitive to variations in flexion axis direction, and anterior-posterior motion was most sensitive to femoral origin location. Femoral coordinate systems that define the sagittal plane using anatomical landmarks and locate the flexion axis perpendicular to the femur’s mechanical axis in the frontal plane were typically similar and described kinematics most consistently.

Does the triceps-on approach affect alignment in total elbow arthroplasty? A cadaveric study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Andrew King ◽  
Jonathan P Evans ◽  
Simon J Booker ◽  
James CS Beazley ◽  
Robin JS Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Total Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Transepicondylar Axis ◽  
Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Humeral Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Centre Of Rotation

Background The triceps-on approach for total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of preserving the extensor mechanism. However, there is concern that the exposure may be reduced in comparison to a triceps-off approach and may affect the implant alignment achieved. Method Total elbow arthroplasties were implanted in 18 randomised, paired cadaveric elbows using the triceps-on or triceps-off approach. The bones were dissected out and the position of the implants measured relative to anatomical landmarks. The flexion/extension and varus/valgus angles, and the distance of centre of rotation from the anatomic centre of rotation in the sagittal plane for both components were obtained as well as the humeral component rotation relative to the transepicondylar axis. Results All humeral components were positioned in external rotation and all ulna components were placed in flexion. Seven components were positioned greater than 5° away from the ideal in one measurement, with no significant difference between the two approach groups. Discussion This unique study showed no significant difference in the alignment of the implants between the two approaches. These results support the theory that the triceps-on approach does not result in larger alignment errors in component positioning when performing total elbow arthroplasty.

A Cadaveric Study: Is There a Correlation Between Clinical Tests for Anterior-Posterior Laxity and Rotary Instability?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaity H. Fucinaro ◽  
Linda Denney ◽  
Adam J. Cyr ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rotary Instability ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Instability is not necessarily determined by knee laxity, yet passive clinical tests are included in the examination which determines the functional status of the knee. The current arthrokinematic findings and validated clinical tests support the definition of excessive sagittal plane and frontal-plane laxity; however it is unknown if these findings in a single plane predict rotary instability of the knee.

A Model of Human Knee Ligaments in the Sagittal Plane: Part 2: Fibre Recruitment under Load

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Zavatsky ◽  
J J O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Compatibility Conditions ◽  
Knee Ligaments ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Passive Flexion ◽  
Tibial Translation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

A mathematical model of the knee ligaments in the sagittal plane is used to study the forces in the cruciate and collateral ligaments produced by anterior/posterior tibial translation. The model is based on ligament fibre functional architecture. Geometric analysis of the deformed configurations of the model ligaments provides the additional compatibility conditions necessary for calculation of the statically indeterminate distributions of strain and stress within the ligaments and the sharing of load between ligaments. The investigation quantifies the process of ligament fibre recruitment, which occurs when fibres made slack by passive flexion/extension of the knee stretch and change their spatial positions in order to resist applied loads. The calculated ligament forces are in reasonable agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. The model explains some subtleties of ligament function not incorporated in models that represent the ligaments by a small number of lines.

scholarly journals A three dimensional multiplane kinematic model for bilateral hind limb gait analysis in cats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Brown ◽  
Gina E. Bertocci ◽  
Kimberly A. Cheffer ◽  
Dena R. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Plane Model ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Flexion

AbstractBackground: Kinematic gait analysis is an important noninvasive technique used for quantitative evaluation and description of locomotion and other movements in healthy and injured populations. Three dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis offers additional outcome measures including internal-external rotation not characterized using sagittal plane analysis techniques.Methods: The objectives of this study were to 1) develop and evaluate a 3D hind limb multiplane kinematic model for gait analysis in cats using joint coordinate systems, 2) implement and compare two 3D stifle (knee) prediction techniques, and 3) compare flexion-extension determined using the multiplane model to a sagittal plane model. Walking gait was recorded in 3 female adult cats (age = 2.9 years, weight = 3.5 ± 0.2 kg). Kinematic outcomes included flexion-extension, internal-external rotation, and abduction-adduction of the hip, stifle, and tarsal (ankle) joints.Results: Each multiplane stifle prediction technique yielded similar findings. Joint angles determined using markers placed on skin above bony landmarks in vivo were similar to joint angles determined using a feline hind limb skeleton in which markers were placed directly on landmarks ex vivo. Differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal joint flexion-extension were demonstrated when comparing the multiplane model to the sagittal plane model.Conclusions: This multiplane cat kinematic model can predict joint rotational kinematics as a tool that can quantify frontal, transverse, and sagittal plane motion. This model has multiple advantages given its ability to characterize joint internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction. A further, important benefit is greater accuracy in representing joint flexion-extension movements.

scholarly journals Influence of Carrying Unstable Load on Thoracic Kinematics While Walking on a Curved Path

2021 ◽  
Vol 2071 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
D K Ngoc ◽  
A F Salleh ◽  
M S Salim ◽  
N Omar ◽  
K S Basarrudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Virtual Lab ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Spinal Kinematics ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
The Right

Abstract This study investigated the effect of carrying unstable load on thoracic kinematics while walking on a curved path. Three-dimensional spinal kinematics were defined as the rotations between thoracic and the Virtual laboratory coordinate system (Tho/Virtual lab) which consisted of lateral bending (LB), flexion/extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) in the frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane, respectively. Eight healthy young adults (4 males and 4 females) performed loads carrying and walking on one meter radius curved path. Spinal kinematics was determined at the left leg heel strike and just before the right toe off during the curved path walking. As a result, a significant main effect of load intensity was found only on FE of (Tho/Virtual lab) at both left leg heel strike and right leg toe off. The study concluded that an increase in the load intensity of unstable load from 10% of body weight likely to generate more thorax extension.

scholarly journals Effect of Acupuncture on Muscle Endurance in the Female Shoulder Joint: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.-Lin Wang ◽  
Yi-Ming Chen ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zheng-Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Flexion Extension

Shoulder joint dysfunction is the leading cause of decreased athletic ability in athletes. Shoulder joint sports injuries affect the athletic performance of athletes. Improvements in the muscle endurance of the shoulder joint can reduce the incidence of shoulder joint dysfunction. Acupuncture has been an important part of Asian culture for a long time. In acupuncture, nerves are stimulated, inducing postactivation potentiation (PAP) in the body’s motor units and enhancing muscle strength. In this research, 20 female participants with full flexion/extension and adduction/abduction ranges of motion in the shoulder joint during isokinetic exercises underwent stimulation of the following acupuncture points in the shoulder joint: Binao (LI14), Jianyu (LI15), Jianliao (SJ14), Naohui (SJ13), Yuzhong (KI26), Zhongfu (LU1), Yunmen (LU2), Xiabai (LU4), Chize (LU5), Tianfu (LU3), and Xiaoluo (SJ12). In the study, there were significant increases after acupuncture in the average maximum torque in flexion, extension, and adduction; the average work in flexion/extension and adduction/abduction; the average power in flexion/extension and adduction/abduction; the total work in flexion/extension and adduction/abduction; the total net sagittal-plane work (flexion + extension); and the total net frontal-plane work (adduction + abduction) (P<0.05). The average maximum abduction torque did not increase significantly, potentially due to antagonistic forces of muscles. Therefore, acupuncture at acupoints around the shoulder joint can increase muscle excitability, thereby delaying muscle fatigue and increasing muscle endurance.

Lumbar and cervical erector spinae fatigue elicit compensatory postural responses to assist in maintaining head stability during walking

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Kavanagh ◽  
Steven Morrison ◽  
Rod S. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Trunk Segment ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Head Stability ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The purpose of this study was to examine how inducing fatigue of the 1) lumbar erector spinae and 2) cervical erector spinae (CES) muscles affected the ability to maintain head stability during walking. Triaxial accelerometers were attached to the head, upper trunk, and lower trunk to measure accelerations in the vertical, anterior-posterior, and mediolateral directions during walking. Using three accelerometers enabled two adjacent upper body segments to be defined: the neck segment and trunk segment. A transfer function was applied to root mean square acceleration, peak power, and harmonic data derived from spectral analysis of accelerations to quantify segmental gain. The structure of upper body accelerations were examined using measures of signal regularity and smoothness. The main findings were that head stability was only affected in the anterior-posterior direction, as accelerations of the head were less regular following CES fatigue. Furthermore, following CES fatigue, the central nervous system altered the attenuation properties of the trunk segment in the anterior-posterior direction, presumably to enhance head stability. Following lumbar erector spinae fatigue, the trunk segment had greater gain and increased regularity and smoothness of accelerations in the mediolateral direction. Overall, the results of this study suggest that erector spinae fatigue differentially altered segmental attenuation during walking, according to the level of the upper body that was fatigued and the direction that oscillations were attenuated. A compensatory postural response was not only elicited in the sagittal plane, where greater segmental attenuation occurred, but also in the frontal plane, where greater segmental gain occurred.

scholarly journals On the 3D Nature of the Magpie (Aves: Pica pica) Functional Hindlimb Anatomy During the Take-Off Jump

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Meilak ◽  
N. J. Gostling ◽  
C. Palmer ◽  
M. O. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Isotropic Resolution ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Generating Capacity

Take-off is a critical phase of flight, and many birds jump to take to the air. Although the actuation of the hindlimb in terrestrial birds is not limited to the sagittal plane, and considerable non-sagittal plane motion has been observed during take-off jumps, how the spatial arrangement of hindlimb muscles in flying birds facilitates such jumps has received little attention. This study aims to ascertain the 3D hip muscle function in the magpie (Pica pica), a bird known to jump to take-off. A musculoskeletal model of the magpie hindlimb was developed using μCT scans (isotropic resolution of 18.2 μm) to derive bone surfaces, while the 3D muscle path definition was further informed by the literature. Function was robustly characterized by determining the 3D moment-generating capacity of 14 hip muscles over the functional joint range of motion during a take-off leap considering variations across the attachment areas and uncertainty in dynamic muscle geometry. Ratios of peak flexion-extension (FE) to internal-external rotation (IER) and abduction-adduction (ABD) moment-generating capacity were indicators of muscle function. Analyses of 972 variations of the 3D muscle paths showed that 11 of 14 muscles can act as either flexor or extensor, while all 14 muscles demonstrated the capacity to act as internal or external rotators of the hip with the mean ratios of peak FE to IER and ABD moment-generating capacity were 0.89 and 0.31, respectively. Moment-generating capacity in IER approaching levels in the FE moment-generating capacity determined here underline that the avian hip muscle function is not limited to the sagittal plane. Together with previous findings on the 3D nature of hindlimb kinematics, our results suggest that musculoskeletal models to develop a more detailed understanding of how birds orchestrate the use of muscles during a take-off jump cannot be restricted to the sagittal plane.

scholarly journals Anatomical Shoulder Movement Strength Imbalance Among Water Polo Overhead Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Pooya Nekooei ◽  
Tengku-Fadilah T.K ◽  
Saidon Amri ◽  
Roselan Bin Baki ◽  
Sara Majlesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Shoulder Movement ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: The game of water polo has become more familiar to all the athletes and coaches as the time has passed. It has been played as a sport for more than a century Although anatomical shoulder movement strength balance is a crucial factor in overhead throwers’ performance, it has not been studied extensively in the previous research. Objective: This study examined shoulder movement imbalance in bilateral and dominant anterior-posterior shoulder among 42 elite water polo players in Malaysia. Method: The t-test analyses of data obtained through several tests proved that water polo players had statistically significant difference between their right hand anatomical shoulder movement strength and their left hand anatomical shoulder movement strength in all eight shoulder movements, i.e. Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Horizontal Adduction, Horizontal Abduction, Rotation and External Rotation. Results: The results of this study showed that there are significant differences of anatomical shoulder movement strength in both bilateral and Anterior-posterior shoulder movement among water polo players. The statistics results for bilateral shoulder movement of Flexion (t= 136.09 and p<.001), Extension (t= 110.92 and p<.001), Abduction (t= 121.89 and p<.001), Adduction (t= 101.47 and p<.001), Horizontal Adduction (t= 92.3 and p<.001), Horizontal Abduction (t= 95.6 and p<.001), Internal rotations (t= 109.6 and p<.001) and External rotations (t= 102.18 and p<.001) showed the p-value to be less than 0.05 for all variables of the test. The result of paired samples t-test showed there is a statistically significant difference between the mean of bilateral anatomical shoulder movement strength among water polo players. Conclusion: These findings suggest that coaches and players should take into account the shoulder movement strength imbalance in their trainings and design specific training programs to improve overhead throwers’ shoulder movement strength balance and hence their throwing performance in sports such as water polo.

Total Knee Replacement Polyethylene Stresses During Loading in a Knee Simulator

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia L. Giddings ◽  
Steven M. Kurtz ◽  
Avram A. Edidin
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Tibial Component ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Knee Simulator ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Bumper System

We investigated the stresses and kinematics of a total knee replacement during the duty cycle of a knee simulator. Finite element models were constructed of the tibial and the femoral component of a commercially available cruciate retaining total knee replacement. Time dependent flexion/extension, axial loading, and anterior/posterior loading were applied to the components of the arthroplasty to match those generated by the knee simulator. We evaluated the effect of varying the stiffness of a spring-loaded bumper system for anterior-posterior constraint on the joint kinematics as well as on the stresses within the polyethylene tibial component. Both the joint kinematics and the stresses and strains subjected to the polyethylene tibial component, were found to be comparatively insensitive to the stiffness of the spring bumper system for this design. When the stiffness of the bumper system was increased by two orders of magnitude, the maximum contact stresses, von Mises stresses, and von Mises strains in the polyethylene tibial component varied by only 15 to 59 percent. In general, increasing the stiffness of the bumper system decreased the displacements of the base plate, but the relationships were nonlinear, possibly due to the added constraints imposed by the tibiofemoral contact interaction. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a validated structural model to predict the stresses, kinematics, and ultimately, the wear, of total joint replacement components in a contemporary knee joint simulator.

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