Effect of Small Sided Game Duration with Floater Player on Internal and External Load of Female Handball Players

Introduction. The present study deals with the effect of the duration of small-sided games (SSGs) with a floater player on the external (covered distance) and internal (heart rate) load of the elite female players. Material and methods. The research group consisted of nine professional elite female team handball field players (age 22.8 ± 4.5 years) playing in the first international league for female players in the Czech Republic. Their height was 170.4 ± 6.4 cm, weight 67.7 ± 9.2 kg, and maximal heart rate 200.2 ± 3.3 beats∙min-1. The duration of the SSGs was 4 (SSG4) minutes, 5 (SSG5) minutes, and 6 (SSG6) minutes. Results. The highest heart rate value of 177.2 ± 9.9 beats / minute resp. 88.5 ± 4.4% HRmax was measured in SSG5. The lowest mean heart rate values were measured at SSG6 of 172.01 ± 15.7 beats / min resp. 85.9 ± 6.8% HRmax. Most time 38 resp. 34% of the drill time, players were in the 85-90% HRmax load intensity zone of SSG4 and SSG5. There was a statistically significant difference in load intensity zones of 80-85% HRmax and ≥ 95% HRmax between SSG5 and SSG6 and p = .008 (η2 p = 0.22) and .013 (η2 p = 0.26), respectively. In the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) evaluation, there was a statistically significant difference in SSG6 and SSG4 p = .003 (η2 p = 0.27) and between SSG6 and SSG5 p = .004 (η2 p = 0.25). The total longest distance in SSG6 was 786.8 ± 41.9 m, but in the one-minute drill the longest average distance in SSG4 was 136.2 ± 21.1 metres per minute. Conclusions . SSGs with a floater are a suitable means for training technical and tactical activities in handball with an overlap into fitness training in women’s handball. According to our results, the intensity of the load will not decrease if we increase the game time to six minutes and also the covered distance will not decrease during the game.

Application of Scientific Adjustment of Taijiquan Exercise Load in Forest Park

This paper studies the energy consumption and its influencing factors of a set of simplified 24 Style Taijiquan with a time of five minutes. Therefore, this paper studies the scientific adjustment of Taijiquan exercise load in Forest Park, and points out the characteristics and differences of energy consumption among different groups of practitioners. At the same time, this paper studies the characteristics and differences of load intensity of Taijiquan practitioners in different groups and different postures, and establishes the regression equation of simplified 24 Style Taijiquan energy consumption. At the same time, this paper establishes a simplified mass fitness load standard of 24 Style Taijiquan, which provides more theoretical and data support for mass scientific, effective and safe fitness.

Shoulder Kinematics and Symmetry at Different Load Intensities during Bench Press Exercise

This study aimed to analyze between-shoulder kinematics symmetry at different load intensities considering full range of movement (ROM), mean and maximum velocities (VMEAN, VMAX), and accelerations (AMEAN, AMAX) of shoulders during phases 2 (characterized by positive acceleration and negative velocity, eccentric) and 3 (characterized by positive acceleration and velocity, concentric) of bench press exercise (BP); as well as to compare unilateral kinematics variables between the different load intensity intervals. Twenty-seven participants were evaluated during phases 2 and 3 of BP at different load intervals: interval 1 (55–75% 1-repetition maximum: 1RM), interval 2 (75–85% 1RM) and interval 3 (85–100% 1RM). Kinematics variables were determined using the Xsens MVN Link System. Results showed that full ROM was higher in left than right shoulder at all intensities (p = 0.008–0.035). VMEAN, VMAX, AMEAN, and AMAX were different in both shoulders for interval 3 during phase 2 and were lower as load intensity increased in both shoulders (p = 0.001–0.029). During phase 3, only VMAX on interval 2 was different between shoulders. Moreover, VMEAN, VMAX, AMEAN, and AMAX were greater during interval 1 compared with the others in both shoulders (p = 0.001–0.029). Therefore, there exists a kinematics asymmetry between both shoulders during phases 2 and 3 of bench press, although the acceleration was similar during both phases at all load intensities. Moreover, kinematic parameters differ between loads of 55–75% RM compared to 75–100% RM loads.

Influence of Carrying Unstable Load on Thoracic Kinematics While Walking on a Curved Path

This study investigated the effect of carrying unstable load on thoracic kinematics while walking on a curved path. Three-dimensional spinal kinematics were defined as the rotations between thoracic and the Virtual laboratory coordinate system (Tho/Virtual lab) which consisted of lateral bending (LB), flexion/extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) in the frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane, respectively. Eight healthy young adults (4 males and 4 females) performed loads carrying and walking on one meter radius curved path. Spinal kinematics was determined at the left leg heel strike and just before the right toe off during the curved path walking. As a result, a significant main effect of load intensity was found only on FE of (Tho/Virtual lab) at both left leg heel strike and right leg toe off. The study concluded that an increase in the load intensity of unstable load from 10% of body weight likely to generate more thorax extension.

A Clustering-based Method for Business Hall Efficiency Analysis

Excessive or insufficient business hall resources may result in unreasonable resource allocation, adversely affecting the value of an entity business hall. Therefore, proper characteristic parameters are the key factors for analyzing the business hall, which strongly affect the final analysis results. In this study, a characteristic analysis method for the economic operation of a business hall is developed and the feature engineering is established. Because of its simplicity and versatility, the k -means algorithm has been widely used since it was first proposed around 50 years ago. However, the classical k -means algorithm has poor stability and accuracy. In particular, it is difficult to achieve a suitable balance between of the centroid initialization and the clustering number k . We propose a new initialization (LSH- k -means) algorithm for k -means clustering. This algorithms is mainly based on locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) as an index for computing the initial cluster centroids, and it reduces the range of the clustering number. Furthermore, an empirical study is conducted. According to the load intensity and time change of the business hall, an index system reflecting the optimization analysis of the business hall is established, and the LSH- k -means algorithm is used to analyze the economic operation of the business hall. The results of the empirical study show that the LSH- k -means that the clustering method outperforms the direct prediction method, provides expected analysis results as well as decision optimization recommendations for the business hall, and serves as a basis for the optimal layout of the business hall.

METHODICAL BASES ON RESEARCH OF OPTIMUM TIME OF WORK OF RESCUERS IN MOUNTAIN CONDITIONS AT VARIOUS LOADINGS AND TEMPERATURES OF INFLUENCE

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the main criteria for developing a method for determining the optimal operating time of mountain rescuers at different loads and temperatures. The analysis of working conditions of mountain rescuers in the spring period is carried out. Experimental studies of the metabolism of rescuers without protective clothing have been carried out. Experimental researches and modeling of influence of intensity of performance of works at ambient temperature in the range +16 - -24ºС are carried out. The dynamics of the process of metabolism of a mountain rescuer during search and rescue operations in a mountainous area has been studied. The temperature regimes of the rescuer's body core under conditions of different load intensity are determined. The energy range of tasks in mountainous terrain for three types of loads is determined. Practical consequences: The built algorithm of research of process of metabolism in mountain area gives the chance to classify conditions of carrying out search and rescue works on degree of difficulty of kinds of works. The obtained indicators of loads, metabolism, intensity of search and rescue operations make it possible to form a basic model for studying the process of rationing the deadlines for tasks. The use of the ANSYS FLUENT software package, refined criteria for assessing the metabolic process allowed to improve the methodology of the model for determining the energy costs of a mountain rescuer in a mountainous area.і Conclusions. The necessity of creating a calculation model for the introduction of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the regulation of safe modes of operation of mountain rescuers is substantiated. The basic factors of the model for further research are determined.

Conflicts in nurses’ work

The problem of conflicts among nursing personnel of medical organizations is quite relevant. Medical workers, like members of other professional groups, are not free from cases of conflict, but due to a number of circumstances, such as excessive load intensity, work that requires a lot of emotional return, low social protection, on the contrary, they have them.

Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures for Accidental Blast during Launching of a Rocket

Despite the greatest efforts, accidents continue to happen during the process of rocket launching, either in the form of generated blast wave or the debris that flies and hits random objects. In this paper, the impact of blast loading created by a rocket launch on the tie connection and the three-hinged arch is studied using the finite element model in ABAQUS. The impact of rocket launching was modelled using the physical characteristics/geometry of the launch pad, and a blast load intensity equivalent to 20,000lbs of TNT is applied using the CONWEP module. The tie connection and three-hinged arch after validation and mesh convergence study are applied with service loads in concurrence with the blast loading. The additional impact of blast loads on the static and dynamic response of the structure is studied. The distance of the structures from the point of blast (rocket launching site) is varied, and parametric studies are carried out to arrive at detailed guidelines on the minimum safety distance that stand-alone civil infrastructure should follow in order to minimize the rocket launching impact.

Effect of whole-body resistance training at different load intensities on circulating inflammatory biomarkers, body fat, muscular strength, and physical performance in postmenopausal women

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the impact of whole-body resistance training (RT) at different load intensities on adipokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular heat shock proteins in postmenopausal women. As secondary purpose, we analyzed the impact of RT at different load intensities on body fat, muscular strength, and physical performance. Forty participants were randomized into lower-load intensity RT (LIRT, n = 20, 30–35 repetition maximum in the first set of each exercise) or higher-load intensity RT (HIRT, n = 20, 8–12 repetition maximum in the first set of each exercise). Adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), adhesion molecules (MCP-1 and ICAM-1), extracellular heat shock proteins (HO-1 and eHSP60), body fat, muscular strength (1RM), and physical performance [400-meter walking test (400-M) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT)] were analyzed at baseline and after 12-weeks RT. There was a significant time-by-group interaction for eHSP60 (P = 0.049) and 400-M (P = 0.003), indicating superiority of HIRT (d = 0.47 and 0.55). However, both groups similarly improved adiponectin, ICAM-1, HO-1, body fat, 1RM, and 6MWT (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that load intensity does not seem to determine the RT effect on several obesity-related pro-inflammatory and chemotactic compounds, body fat, 1RM, and 6MWT in postmenopausal women, although a greater improvement has been revealed for eHSP60 and 400-M in HIRT. Novelty: Higher-load intensity resistance training improves eHSP60 and 400-M in postmenopausal women. Resistance training improves the inflammatory profile, body fat, muscle strength, and 6MWT, regardless of load intensity.

Cable-Stayed Bridge Loads Caused by Traffic Congestion on the Deck Measured with Bridge Monitoring System

Structural safety of a bridge depends, among other things, on the number of vehicles passing on its deck, their weights and distribution of loads to their axes. A large number of vehicles can accumulate on the bridge in a controlled state, i.e., during an acceptance test including load testing, and during traffic congestion on the bridge, which is a fortuitous event addressed in this paper. The paper deals with the analysis of load intensity on one bridge carriageway when it is fully and randomly filled during traffic congestion. The influence functions of the forces in the cables are used to determine the effects of loads exerted by the vehicles moving at very low speed. Effects of such loads are studied considering an exemplary cable-stayed bridge. Since the measurement basis was limited, the iterative algorithm was used. It consists in shortening the girder sections under analysis to the area appropriate for determining the load in each successive step of iteration. Ineffectiveness of the traditional algorithm, where the determined system of equations is resolved, is an important premise for using such algorithm. The results of numerical analysis show that the load intensity caused by traffic congestion is relatively high. It has been demonstrated that the matrix method may be successfully used to determine the real load of bridges on the basis of selected parameters measured in the bridge structure, also for complex scheme bridges, including the cable-stayed bridges.