Closure to “Discussion of ‘Growth of the Shell/Transverse Defect in Rails’” (1990, ASME J. Tribol., 112, p. 573)

AC excitation signal is most widely used in Non Destructed Testing (NDT) devices for Piezoelectric Technique (PZT) method in an inspec-tion. This paper is presenting the application of piezoelectric with end to end method for defect identification for Carbon Steel Pipe (CSP) where the frequency is used around 1kHz until 6kHz for standard pipe, transverse defect pipe, longitudinal defect pipe and hole defect pipe. From here, the identification of defect signal by based on the signal pick value and different pick signal between ordinary pipe (without defect) and defects pipe are analysis. The result shows that the standard pipe will give the high amplitude of signal compare the defect pipe by based on the type of defect, size of defect and depth of defect. Findings from the comparative study, validate the application of piezoelec-tric show that the different amplitude of the signal is directly proportional with excitation signal frequency and through the experiment, the longitudinal defect is contributed the different high signal until 79.7% compared to the hole and transverse defect 74.4 %.

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Dominantly Inherited Unilateral Terminal Transverse Defects of the Hand (Adactylia) in Twin Sisters and One Daughter

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.78.1.103 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

John M. Graham ◽

Forst E. Brown ◽

Carol L. Struckmeyer ◽

Christian Hallowell

Keyword(s):

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Proximal Phalanx ◽

The Other ◽

Type B ◽

Dominant Inheritance ◽

Left Hand ◽

The Family ◽

Other Woman ◽

The Right ◽

Transverse Defect

Most previous cases of unilateral terminal transverse defects of the hand have not been familial. Several previously reported cases of apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of such defects have subsequently been reclassified as type B brachydactyly. We report a pair of adult twin women with unilateral terminal transverse defects affecting the left hand in one woman and the right hand in the other woman. The latter woman has one daughter with a unilateral terminal transverse defect affecting the left hand. The hand anomaly is characterized by absence of the terminal portions of digits 2 to 5 with a mildly hypoplastic thumb (adactylia). Tiny nail remnants are evident on the remaining digital stumps, and no soft tissue syndactyly is apparent. At 2 years of age, the daughter has hypoplastic first, fourth, and fifth metacarpals with no ossification of the second or third metacarpals or any of the phalanges. The affected mother has hypoplastic metacarpals for digits 2 to 4 and a vestigial fifth proximal phalanx on the affected hand, with no other phalanges evident by roentgenogram other than those of the thumb. The mother's twin sister has similar findings, except the ossified phalangeal remnant is on her second and third fingers rather than her fifth finger. Doppler flow arterial patterns appeared normal in each hand of affected family members. The other hand and both feet are clinically and radiologically normal in each case, and the family history is negative for any other individuals with limb anomalies. A review of the literature suggests that this family may very well be unique.

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Growth of the Shell/Transverse Defect in Rails

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.3261990 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 648-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Min-Hui Yu ◽

L. M. Keer

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

General Solution ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Mixed Mode ◽

Approximate Analysis ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Mixed Mode Loading ◽

Subsurface Crack ◽

Defect Growth ◽

Transverse Defect

An approximate analysis of the shell/transverse defect growth in steel rails during use is presented. A general solution for a single subsurface crack is presented first. A simpler approach, which considers the transverse defect alone, is examined as well. Residual stresses are included by introducing their stress distributions mechanically. A proposed mixed-mode loading growth law is used for fatigue life calculations and the crack length versus life curves are obtained. The life of the shell/transverse defect is found to be much shorter than that of the single transverse defect.

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Detection of Transverse Defect in a Railhead Based on Guided Waves Generated by Radiation Laser

International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) ◽

10.15866/ireme.v13i6.17276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Sara Teidj

Keyword(s):

Guided Waves ◽

Transverse Defect

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Numerical Study on the Leakage Magnetic Field of Transverse Defect on T-Joint Fillet Weld

Journal of Testing and Evaluation ◽

10.1520/jte20160416 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 20160416

Author(s):

Jiajing Pan ◽

Lijun Yang ◽

Hang Li

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Fillet Weld ◽

Leakage Magnetic Field ◽

Transverse Defect

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Detection of Transverse Defects in Rails Using Noncontact Laser Ultrasound

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsa-6-06556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Hajar Benzeroual ◽

Abdellatif Khamlichi ◽

Alia Zakriti

Keyword(s):

Defect Detection ◽

Defect Size ◽

Ultrasound Wave ◽

Laser Ultrasound ◽

Laser Vibrometry ◽

Transverse Fissure ◽

Railway Infrastructure ◽

Laser Sources ◽

Transverse Defect ◽

Ablative Laser

Rail inspections are required and used to ensure safety and preserve the availability of railway infrastructure. According to the statistics published by railroad administrations worldwide, the transverse fissure appearing in railhead is the principal cause of rail accidents. These particular defects are initiated inside the railhead. Detection of these cracks has always been challenging because a defect signature remains mostly small until the defect size reaches a significant value. The present work deals with the theoretical analysis of an integrated contact-less system for rail diagnosis, which is based on ultrasounds. The generation of these waves was performed through non-ablative laser sources. Rotational laser vibrometry was used to achieve the reception of the echoes. Detection of flaws in the rail was monitored by considering special ultrasound wave signal based indicators. Finite element modeling of the rail system was performed, and transverse defect detection of the rail was analyzed.

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P023 MANAGEMENT OF MASSIVE INCISIONAL HERNIA WITH LOSS OF DOMAIN

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab395.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Pastor Peinado ◽

Diego Oto ◽

Belen Porrero ◽

José Manuel Molina Villar ◽

Luis Alberto Blazquez Hernando

Keyword(s):

Incisional Hernia ◽

Abdominal Wall ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Complex Case ◽

Hernia Surgery ◽

Wall Defect ◽

Loss Of Domain ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Preoperative Optimization ◽

Transverse Defect

Abstract Aim Large incisional hernia treatment is challenging for surgeons especially when there is loss of domain. Its management require an appropiate preoperative optimization of the patient. We present a complex case that provides an exhaustive review of different measures in order to treat this type of hernias. Material and Methods A 61-year-old, smoker and diabetic patient consulted because of a large ventral hernia. He underwent an umbilical hernia surgery which recurred three more times. The patient had a M1-M5 W3 hernia with active suppuration through fistulous orifices. The abdominal wall planning CT scan showed a large eventration with 23 cm of transverse defect diameter and a Tanaka index of 92%. Results The patient received support to quit smoking and he lost weight due to an intragastric balloon. Botulinum toxin was administered six weeks before surgical intervention. An andominal pneumeperitoneum catheter was placed, reaching 12.400 liters of ambient air insufflated during 13 days. Finally, surgery was performed, finding a 27 x 35 cm wall defect that required the performance of: After these maneuvers, the posterior abdominal wall could be completely closed. A double preperitoneal mesh (BioA and polypropylene) was placed. After 16 days, he was discharged without mayor complications. Conclusions Loss of domain hernias are a complex entity which requires a multidisciplinary approach and abdominal wall experienced surgeons since it may require extreme measures.

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Terminal Transverse Defect

Limb Malformations ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-95928-1_73 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

Stefan Mundlos ◽

Denise Horn

Keyword(s):

Transverse Defect

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Macular Electroretinography and Methods of Retina Visualization in Diagnostics of Standard Stargardt Disease, Verified by Molecular Genetic Methods

Journal of New Medical Technologies eJournal ◽

10.12737/2827 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Стрельников ◽

V. Strelnikov ◽

Рогова ◽

S. Rogova ◽

Егорова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Wave Amplitude ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Transverse Defect

The aim of the study was to assess the data concerning the modern methods of retina visualization (optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence) and its interrelation with the data concerning the modern elec-troretinographic methods for research of Stargardt desease, verified with the help of molecular genetic methods. It was found that the shift of macular electroretinogramm to the red stimulus correlates with the parameters of optic coherent tomography: inverse high correlation between the "transverse defect" and a-wave amplitude of macular electroretinogramm (r=-0,83, p<0,01), thus indicating interconnection between lowering of photoreceptor function and structural changes of junction between outer and inner photoreceptor segments. Correlation between the "transverse defect" and b-wave amplitude of macular electroretinogramm (r=-0,37, p<0,01) proves the existence of interrelation between electrogenesis of middle retina layers (bipolar cells) in fovea and biometrical markers of structural changes in photoreceptors caused by Stargardt desease. The hallmarks of Stargardt desease, revealed by the optical coherence tomography, are the hyperreflective spots, localized in retinal pigment epithelium and reaching the outer nuclear layer, together with the damaged interface line of the outer and inner photoreceptors segments. Autofluoresence caused by Stargardt desease demonstrates combination of hypofluorescence in fovea with hypofluorescence in the posterior pole. For the first time the following etiologic mutations of ABCA4 gene, associated with Stargardt desease were revealed in Russian population: rsl800553 (Glyl961Glu), rs61752418 (Aspl093Gly), rs61751374 (Alal038Val), rs201471607 (Asn965Ser), rsl801581 (Arg943Gln), rs75197161 (Gly863Ala delG863), rs76157638 (Arg653Cys) и rs61751392 (Leu541Pro) ABCA4.

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