Regular Surface Texture Generated by Special Grinding Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Stȩpień
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Regular Surface ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Texture Generation ◽  
Nominal Surface

Most of the methods for generating regular surface texture (RST) consist of shaping a set of regular grooves (cavities) arranged in a regular way. This paper presents possibilities for regular surface texture generation by so-called “pattern grinding” with the wheel prepared in a special way. The simple variant of the method involves grinding with the wheel having helical grooves. The grooves shaped on the work material are the result of specific wheel surface reproduction. The ratio between work-material feed and wheel speed is an important factor, determining the layout of the grooves generated on the work-material and the shape of the groove sides. Surface texture consists of two components: deterministic, resulting from the nominal wheel active surface, and random, resulting from the random shape and arrangement of abrasive grains. The limited contribution of the random component of surface texture is discussed based on the ratio between the undeformed chip thickness and the sizes of the grooves. Kinematical analysis of the wheel reproduction process is performed for description of nominal surface texture. Experimental results of flat and cylindrical surfaces, obtained with pattern grinding are also provided. Two critical values of the ratio between work-material feed and wheel speed were derived, and three ranges of this ratio are discussed. The kinematical approach provided relationships between input data of the process (wheel shape and grinding parameters) and nominal groove dimensions and groove layout. The geometrical characteristics of the work-material nominal surface texture are presented for each of the three types of surface texture. It is important to ensure that the work feeds are greater than the lower critical value. For achievable work feeds the shape of the sides of the grooves is cycloid. Experiments revealed the limited contribution of the random component of the surface structure of the work material. Random arrangement of abrasive grains is important only at local (micro-) level and affects the roughness of groove bottoms, while the dimensions and arrangement of the grooves are affected only to a minimal degree.

Grinding Wheel Elasticity

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakayama ◽  
J. Brecker ◽  
M. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Undeformed Chip Thickness ◽  
Fine Grinding ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Zone Deformation

The deflection of individual abrasive grains in the cutting surface of a vitrified grinding wheel has been postulated to explain many fine grinding results; however, the magnitude of the deflection has never been firmly established. Experiments conducted to measure the deflection associated with an individual grain showed it to be of the same order of magnitude as the undeformed chip thickness. A model of a grinding wheel which allows both the deflection of the center of an individual grain and the deformation in the contact zone between the grain and the work material to be evaluated was developed. Contact zone deformation was found to be approximately twice as great as the deflection of the center of the grain.

Analysis of Energy Partition in Grinding

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guo ◽  
S. Malkin
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Speed ◽  
Energy Partition ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Creep Feed Grinding ◽  
Grinding Fluid ◽  
Creep Feed

An analysis is presented for the fraction of the energy transported as heat to the workpiece during grinding. The abrasive grains and grinding fluid in the wheel pores are considered as a thermal composite which moves relative to the grinding zone at the wheel speed. The energy partition fraction to the workpiece is modeled by setting the temperature of the workpiece surface equal to that of the composite surface at every point along the grinding zone, which allows variation of the energy partition along the grinding zone. Analytical results indicate that the energy partition fraction to the workpiece is approximately constant along the grinding zone for regular down grinding, but varies greatly along the grinding zone for regular up grinding and both up and down creep-feed grinding. The resulting temperature distributions have important implications for selecting up versus down grinding especially for creep-feed operations.

Removal Mechanism of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V Based on Single-Grain High Speed Grinding Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tian ◽  
Yu Can Fu ◽  
W.F. Ding ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu ◽  
H.H. Su
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
High Speed Grinding ◽  
Tc4 Alloy ◽  
Grinding Mechanism ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v

Single-grain grinding test plays an important part in studying the high speed grinding mechanism of materials. In this paper, a new method and experiment system for high speed grinding test with single CBN grain are presented. In order to study the high speed grinding mechanism of TC4 alloy, the chips and grooves were obtained under different wheel speed and corresponding maximum undeformed chip thickness. Results showed that the effects of wheel speed and chip thickness on chip formation become obvious. The chips were characterized by crack and segment band feature like the cutting segmented chips of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V.

scholarly journals Active Surface Texture of the Metallic Nickel Plate Catalyst Explored by the Deposition of Carbon in Cracking of Ethylene

1965 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayasu SHIRASAKI ◽  
Akikatsu KITAHARA ◽  
Shigeaki SAKAMOTO ◽  
Kiyoshi MORIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Nickel Plate

Influences of Ultrasonic Assistance in High Speed Lapping of Nano ZTA Engineering Ceramic on the Surface Machining Quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 359-360 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jiao ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Chuan Shao Liu ◽  
Xun Sheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Abrasive Material ◽  
Regular Surface ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Engineering Ceramic ◽  
Precision Finishing

Ultrasonic aided high speed lapping with solid abrasive material was put forward aimed at the precision finishing of nano ZTA engineering ceramic. Through theoretical analysis and contrast lapping experiments, the influences of ultrasonic assistance on the surface machining quality were clarified. Research results show that the maximum undeformed chip thickness in ultrasonic aided lapping is smaller than that in conventional lapping under the same conditions; ultrasonic assistance is beneficial to enlarging the range of ductile lapping regime and improving the surface quality of nano ZTA ceramic; with the application of ultrasonic vibration, smaller surface roughness and more regular surface profile can be obtained.

The Role of Grain Tip Radius in Fine Grinding

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Lal ◽  
M. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Undeformed Chip Thickness ◽  
Fine Grinding ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Tip Radius

The scratches produced by single abrasive grains in overcut fly milling show that the transverse shape of a grain is closely approximated by an arc of a circle. This radius of curvature is found to be independent of grain type and grinding conditions but varies with the grain size. The equation for undeformed chip thickness for surface grinding is rederived in terms of this radius. The important role that the transverse curvature of the grain plays relative to surface finish is also discussed.

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