Electromechanical Modeling of Energy Harvesting From the Motion of Left Ventricle in Closed Chest Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Yisheng Chen ◽  
Bingwei Lu ◽  
Chaofeng Lü ◽  
Xue Feng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Periodic Variation ◽  
Closed Chest ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Battery Energy

A piezoelectric mechanical energy harvesting (MEH) technique was recently demonstrated through in vivo experiment by harvesting energy from the motion of porcine left ventricle (LV) myocardial wall. This provides a new strategy of energy supply for operating implantable biomedical devices so as to avoid various shortcomings associated with battery energy. This paper resorts to an analytical electromechanical model for evaluating the efficiency of the piezoelectric MEH device especially of that used in closed chest environment. A nonlinear compressive spring model is proposed to account for the impeding effect of surrounding tissues on the device. Inputting the periodic variation of the LV volume as a loading condition to the device, numerical predictions for the electric outputs are obtained and compare well with experiments. A simple scaling law for the output electric power is established in terms of combined material, geometrical, circuit, and LV motion parameters. The results presented here may provide guidelines for the design of in vivo piezoelectric energy harvesting from motions of biological organs.

scholarly journals Theory of energy harvesting from heartbeat including the effects of pleural cavity and respiration

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20170615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhang ◽  
Bingwei Lu ◽  
Chaofeng Lü ◽  
Xue Feng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Self-powered implantable devices with flexible energy harvesters are of significant interest due to their potential to solve the problem of limited battery life and surgical replacement. The flexible electronic devices made of piezoelectric materials have been employed to harvest energy from the motion of biological organs. Experimental measurements show that the output voltage of the device mounted on porcine left ventricle in chest closed environment decreases significantly compared to the case of chest open. A restricted-space deformation model is proposed to predict the impeding effect of pleural cavity, surrounding tissues, as well as respiration on the efficiency of energy harvesting from heartbeat using flexible piezoelectric devices. The analytical solution is verified by comparing theoretical predictions to experimental measurements. A simple scaling law is established to analyse the intrinsic correlations between the normalized output power and the combined system parameters, i.e. the normalized permitted space and normalized electrical load. The results may provide guidelines for optimization of in vivo energy harvesting from heartbeat or the motions of other biological organs using flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting From Roadways Based on Pavement Compatible Package

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Kangxu Huang ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Tao Xiang ◽  
Liwei Quan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Combined Parameters

Scavenging mechanical energy from the deformation of roadways using piezoelectric energy transformers has been intensively explored and exhibits a promising potential for engineering applications. We propose here a new packaging method that exploits MC nylon and epoxy resin as the main protective materials for the piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) device. Wheel tracking tests are performed, and an electromechanical model is developed to double evaluate the efficiency of the PEH device. Results indicate that reducing the embedded depth of the piezoelectric chips may enhance the output power of the PEH device. A simple scaling law is established to show that the normalized output power of the energy harvesting system relies on two combined parameters, i.e., the normalized electrical resistive load and normalized embedded depth. It suggests that the output power of the system may be maximized by properly selecting the geometrical, material, and circuit parameters in a combined manner. This strategy might also provide a useful guideline for optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting system in practical roadway applications.

Energy harvesting from quasi-static deformations via bilaterally constrained strips

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 3572-3581
Author(s):  
Suihan Liu ◽  
Ali Imani Azad ◽  
Rigoberto Burgueño
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Static Conditions

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from ambient vibrations is well studied, but harvesting from quasi-static responses is not yet fully explored. The lack of attention is because quasi-static actions are much slower than the resonance frequency of piezoelectric oscillators to achieve optimal outputs; however, they can be a common mechanical energy resource: from large civil structure deformations to biomechanical motions. The recent advances in bio-micro-electro-mechanical systems and wireless sensor technologies are motivating the study of piezoelectric energy harvesting from quasi-static conditions for low-power budget devices. This article presents a new approach of using quasi-static deformations to generate electrical power through an axially compressed bilaterally constrained strip with an attached piezoelectric layer. A theoretical model was developed to predict the strain distribution of the strip’s buckled configuration for calculating the electrical energy generation. Results from an experimental investigation and finite element simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical study. Test results from a prototyped device showed that a peak output power of 1.33 μW/cm2 was generated, which can adequately provide power supply for low-power budget devices. And a parametric study was also conducted to provide design guidance on selecting the dimensions of a device based on the external embedding structure.

Mechanistic Modeling and Economic Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Potential in Airport Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Jingnan Zhao ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This study investigated the feasibility of applying piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in airfield pavements through mechanistic modeling and economic analysis. The energy harvesting performance of piezoelectric transducers was evaluated based on mechanical energy induced by multi-wheel aircraft loading on flexible airfield pavements. A three-dimensional finite element model was used to estimate the stress pulse and magnitude under moving aircraft tire loading. A stack piezoelectric transducer design was used to estimate the power output of a piezoelectric harvester embedded at different locations and depths in the pavement. The aircraft load and speed were found to be vital factors affecting the power output, along with the installation depth and horizontal locations of the energy harvester. On the other hand, the installation of the energy module had a negligible influence on the horizontal tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt layer and compressive strains on the top of the subgrade. However, the near-surface pavement strains increased when the edge ribs of the tire were loaded on the energy module. Feasibility analysis results showed that the calculated levelized cost of electricity was high in general, although it varies depending on the airport traffic levels and the service life of the energy module. With the development of piezoelectric materials and technology, further evaluation of energy harvesting applications at airports needs to be conducted.

Topology Optimization Design of Implantable Energy Harvesting Device

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Liang Ping Luo
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Structure

When designing implantable biomedical MEMS devices, we must provide electric power source with long life and small size to drive the sensors and actuators work. Obviously, traditional battery is not a good choice because of its large size, limited lifetime and finite power storage. Living creatures all have non-electric energy sources, like mechanical energy from heart beat and pulse. Piezoelectric structure can convert mechanical energy to electric energy. In the same design condition, the more electric energy is generated, the better the piezoelectric structure design. This paper discusses the topology optimization method for the most efficient implantable piezoelectric energy harvesting device. Finally, a design example based on the proposed method is given and the result is discussed.

Multiple Resonances Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Generator

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaofan Qi ◽  
Roger Shuttleworth ◽  
S. Olutunde Oyadiji
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Piezo Element ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Vibration ◽  
Design And Testing

Energy harvesting is the process of converting low level ambient energy into usable electrical energy, so that remote electronic instruments can be powered without the need for batteries or other supplies. Piezoelectric material has the ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and cantilever type harvesters using this material are being intensely investigated. The typical single cantilever energy harvester design has a limited bandwidth, and is restricted in ability for converting environmental vibration occurring over a wide range of frequencies. A multiple cantilever piezoelectric generator that works over a range of frequencies, yet has only one Piezo element, is being investigated. The design and testing of this novel harvester is described.

scholarly journals The State-of-the-Art Brief Review on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Flow-Induced Vibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhu ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
Huohai Yang ◽  
Junlei Wang ◽  
Jinze Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Induced Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is concerned in a broad range of engineering applications due to its resultant fatigue damage to structures. Nevertheless, such fluid-structure coupling process continuously extracts the kinetic energy from ambient fluid flow, presenting the conversion potential from the mechanical energy to electricity. As the air and water flows are widely encountered in nature, piezoelectric energy harvesters show the advantages in small-scale utilization and self-powered instruments. This paper briefly reviewed the way of energy collection by piezoelectric energy harvesters and the various measures proposed in the literature, which enhance the structural vibration response and hence improve the energy harvesting efficiency. Methods such as irregularity and alteration of cross-section of bluff body, utilization of wake flow and interference, modification and rearrangement of cantilever beams, and introduction of magnetic force are discussed. Finally, some open questions and suggestions are proposed for the future investigation of such renewable energy harvesting mode.

scholarly journals Acoustic Energy Harvesting Through Multilayer Piezoelectric Harvester Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1848-1856
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Effective Transfer

Low-power requirements of contemporary sensing technology attract research on alternate power sources that can replace batteries. Energy harvesters’ function as power sources for sensors and other low-power devices by transducing the ambient energy into usable electrical form. Energy harvesters absorbing the ambient vibrations that have potential to deliver uninterrupted power to sensing nodes installed in remote and vibration rich environments motivate the research in vibrational energy harvesting. Piezoelectric bimorphs have been demonstrating a pre-eminence in converting the mechanical energy in ambient vibrations into electrical energy. Improving the performance of these harvesters is pivotal, as the energy in ambient vibrations is innately low. In this paper, we propose a mechanism namely MultilayerPEHM (Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Model) which helps in converting the waste or unused energy into the useful energy. Multilayer-PEHM contains the various layer, which is placed one over the other, each layer is placed with specific element according to their properties and size, the size of the layer plays an important part for achieving efficiency. Furthermore, this paper presents an audit of the energy available in a vibrating source and design for effective transfer of the energy to harvesters, secondly, design of vibration energy harvesters with a focus to enhance their performance, and lastly, identification of key performance metrics influencing conversion efficiencies and scaling analysis for these acoustic harvesters. Typical vibration levels in stationary installations such as surfaces of blowers and ducts, and in mobile platforms such as light and heavy transport vehicles, are determined by measuring the acceleration signal. The frequency content in the signal is determined from the Fast Fourier Transform.

scholarly journals Air cavity-based vibrational piezoelectric energy harvesters

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. A. Mohamad Yusoff ◽  
K. A. Ahmad ◽  
S. N. Sulaiman ◽  
Z. Hussain ◽  
N. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Air Cavity ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Design Structure

Introduction. Known vibrational energy harvesting methods use a source of vibration to harvest electric energy. Piezoelectric material works as a sensing element converted mechanical energy (vibration) to electrical energy (electric field). The existing piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEHs) devices have low sensitivity, low energy conversion, and low bandwidth. The novelty of the proposed work consists of the design of PEH’s structure. Air cavity was implemented in the design where it is located under the sensing membrane to improve sensitivity. Another novelty is also consisting in the design structure where the flexural membrane was located at the top of electrodes. The third novelty is a new design structure of printed circuit board (PCB). The purpose of improvised design is to increase the stress in between the edges of PEH and increase energy conversion. With the new structure of PCB, it will work as a substrate that absorbs surrounding vibration energy and transfers it to sensing element. Methods. Three techniques were successfully designed in PEH and fabricated namely PEH A, PEH B, and PEH C were characterized by two experiments: load and vibration. The load experiment measured load pressure towards the PEH, whereas the vibration experiment measured stress towards the PEH. Results. PEH C has the highest induced voltage for a weight of 5.2 kg at the frequency of 50 Hz and the highest stored voltage for a period of 4 min. The three techniques applied in PEHs were showed improvement in transducer sensitivity and energy conversion. Practical value. A piezoelectric acoustic generator was used in the experiment to compare the performance of the designed PEH with available piezoelectric transducers in the market. The new flexible membrane worked as a sensing element was worked as a cantilever beam. PVDF was used as a sensing element due to the flexibility of the polymer material, which is expected to improve sensitivity and operating bandwidth.

Electroelastic Finite Element Modeling and Experimental Validation of Structurally-Integrated Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Aridogan ◽  
Ipek Basdogan ◽  
Alper Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Flexible Plate ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Host Structure

Vibration-based energy harvesting has attracted interest of researchers from various disciplines over the past decade. In the literature of piezoelectric energy harvesting, the typical configuration is a unimorph or a bimorph cantilevered piezoelectric beam located on a vibrating host structure subjected to base excitations. As an alternative to cantilevered piezoelectric beams, piezoelectric layers structurally integrated on thin plates can be used as vibration-based energy harvesters since plates and plate-type structures are commonly used in aerospace, automotive and marine applications. The aim of this paper is to present experiments and electroelastic finite element simulations of a piezoelectric energy harvester structurally integrated on a thin plate. The finite element model of the piezoceramic patch and the all-edges-clamped plate are built. In parallel, an experimental setup is constructed using a thin PZT-5A piezoceramic patch attached on the surface of all-edges-clamped rectangular aluminum plate. The electroelastic frequency response functions relating voltage output and vibration response to forcing input are validated using the experimentally obtained results. Finally, electrical power generation of the piezoceramic patch is investigated using the experimental set-up for a set of resistive loads. The numerical predictions and experimental results show that the use of all-edge-clamped flexible plate as host structure for piezoelectric energy harvester leads to multimodal vibration-to-electricity conversion.

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