A Numerical Simulation of Analysis of Backfiring Phenomena in a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Subramanian ◽  
B. L. Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Residual Gas

Hydrogen utilization in spark ignition (SI) engines could reduce urban pollution including particulate matter as well as greenhouse gas emission. However, backfiring, which is an undesirable combustion process of intake charge in hydrogen-fueled SI engine with manifold-based injection, is one of the major technical issues in view of safety of engine operation. Backfiring occurs generally during suction stroke as the hydrogen–air charge interacts with residual gas, resulting in flame growth and propagation toward upstream of engine's intake manifold, resulting in stalling of engine operation and high risk of safety. This work is aimed at analysis of backfiring in a hydrogen-fueled SI engine. The results indicate that backfiring is mainly function of residual gas temperature, start of hydrogen injection timing, and equivalence ratio. Any hot-spot present in the cylinder would act as ignition source resulting in more chances of backfiring. In addition to this, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out in order to assess flow characteristics of hydrogen and air during suction stroke in intake manifold. Furthermore, numerical analysis of intake charge velocity, flame speed (deflagration), and flame propagation (backfiring) toward upstream of intake manifold was also carried out. Some notable points of backfiring control strategy including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and retarded (late) hydrogen injection timing are emerged from this study for minimizing chance of backfiring. This study results are useful for development of dedicated SI engine for hydrogen fuel in the aspects of elimination of backfiring.

A Numerical Simulation of Analysis of Backfiring Phenomena in a Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Subramanian ◽  
B. L. Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Residual Gas

Hydrogen utilization in spark ignition engines could reduce urban pollution including particulate matter as well as greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emission. However, backfiring, which is an undesirable combustion process of intake charge in hydrogen fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine with manifold based injection, is one of the major technical issues in view of safety as well as continuous engine operation as ignition process could proceed instantaneously due to less ignition energy requirement of hydrogen. Backfiring occurs generally during suction stroke as the hydrogen-air charge interacts with residual gas resulting in flame growth and propagation towards upstream of engine’s intake manifold resulting in stalling of engine operation and high risk of safety. This work is aimed at analysis of backfiring in a hydrogen fuelled SI engine. The results indicate that backfiring is mainly function of residual gas temperature, start of hydrogen injection timing and equivalence ratio. Any hot-spot present in the cylinder would act as ignition source resulting in more chances of backfiring. In addition to this, CFD analysis was carried out in order to assess flow characteristics of hydrogen and air during suction stroke in intake manifold. Furthermore, numerical analysis of intake charge velocity, flame speed (deflagration), and flame propagation (backfiring) towards upstream of intake manifold was also carried out. Some notable points of backfiring control strategy including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and retarded (late) hydrogen injection timing are emerged from this study for minimizing chance of backfiring. This study results are useful for development of dedicated spark ignition engine for hydrogen fuel in the aspects of elimination of backfiring.

Model-Based Dynamic In-Cylinder Air Charge, Residual Gas and Temperature Estimation for a GDI Spark Ignition Engine Using Cylinder, Intake and Exhaust Pressures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Khameneian ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Paul Dice ◽  
Mahdi Shahbakhti ◽  
Jefferey D. Naber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Trapped Air ◽  
Residual Gas

Abstract The in-cylinder trapped air, residual gas, and temperature directly impact Spark Ignition (SI) engine operation and control. However, estimation of these variables dynamically is difficult. This study proposes a dynamic cycle-by-cycle model for estimation of the in-cylinder mixture temperature at different events such as Intake Valve Closed (IVC), as well as mass of trapped air and residual gas. In-cylinder, intake and exhaust pressure traces are the primary inputs to the model. The mass of trapped residual gas is affected by valve overlap increase due to the exhaust gas backflow. Of importance to engines with Variable Valve Timing (VVT), the compressible ideal-gas flow correlations were applied to predict the exhaust gas backflow into the cylinder. Furthermore, 1D GT-Power Three Pressure Analysis (TPA) was used to calibrate and validate the designed model under steady-state conditions. To minimize the calibration efforts, Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis methodology was used. The transient behavior of the model was validated using dynamometer dynamic driving cycle. The cycle-based output parameters of the developed model are in good agreement with transient experimental data with minimal delay and overshoot. The predicted parameters follow the input dynamics propagated in the in-cylinder, intake and exhaust pressure traces with a 1.5% average relative steady-state prediction error.

Studying the effects of hydrogen addition on the second-law balance of a biogas-fuelled spark ignition engine by use of a quasi-dimensional multi-zone combustion model

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Rakopoulos ◽  
C N Michos ◽  
E G Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hydrogen Addition ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Hydrogen Enrichment

Although a first-law analysis can show the improvement that hydrogen addition impacts on the performance of a biogas-fuelled spark-ignition (SI) engine, additional benefits can be revealed when the second law of thermodynamics is brought into perspective. It is theoretically expected that hydrogen enrichment in biogas can increase the second-law efficiency of engine operation by reducing the combustion-generated irreversibilities, because of the fundamental differences in the mechanism of entropy generation between hydrogen and traditional hydrocarbon combustion. In this study, an experimentally validated closed-cycle simulation code, incorporating a quasi-dimensional multi-zone combustion model that is based on the combination of turbulent entrainment theory and flame stretch concepts for the prediction of burning rates, is further extended to include second-law analysis for the purpose of quantifying the respective improvements. The analysis is applied for a single-cylinder homogeneous charge SI engine, fuelled with biogas—hydrogen blends, with up to 15 vol% hydrogen in the fuel mixture, when operated at 1500r/min, wide-open throttle, fuel-to-air equivalence ratio of 0.9, and ignition timing of 20° crank angle before top dead centre. Among the major findings derived from the second-law balance during the closed part of the engine cycle is the increase in the second-law efficiency from 40.85 per cent to 42.41 per cent with hydrogen addition, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the combustion irreversibilities from 18.25 per cent to 17.18 per cent of the total availability of the charge at inlet valve closing. It is also illustrated how both the increase in the combustion temperatures and the decrease in the combustion duration with increasing hydrogen content result in a reduction in the combustion irreversibilities. The degree of thermodynamic perfection of the combustion process from the second-law point of view is quantified by using two (differently defined) combustion exergetic efficiencies, whose maximum values during the combustion process increase with hydrogen enrichment from 49.70 per cent to 53.45 per cent and from 86.01 per cent to 87.33 per cent, respectively.

Variable intake manifold for the Audi V6 spark ignition engine

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Dirk Anwender ◽  
Kay Brodesser ◽  
Ivano Morgillo
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Intake Manifold

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Using Ethanol-Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Kadhim Fadhil Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Operation Parameter ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
And Performance

The consequence of mixing pure ethanol with gasoline on the pollution and performance of SI engine are investigated experimentally in the existent study. The SI engine that employed in the experiment is a single cylinder four stroke. Analysis is carried out for engine operation parameter, CO2, CO and unburned HC productions. The measurements are recorded for several engine speeds from 1500 – 3000 rpm with load and ethanol addition of (0E, 10E, 20E, 30E, 40E, 50E,). The results displayed increasing in brake power, and brake thermal efficiency while the brake specific fuel consumption decreases when the ethanol- gasoline blends fuel increases. Also it was found that CO, HC, and CO2 concentrations decrease when the ethanol- gasoline increases. The best results obtained in the study is for the blend of E-50.

Computations of Air/Fuel Preparation Process in a Port-Injected Spark-Ignition Engine During Cold-Starting Phase

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangbing Zeng ◽  
C. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Target Path ◽  
Good Agreement

A numerical study has been performed of the air/fuel preparation process in a cold-starting port-injected spark-ignition engine. The latest models were implemented for spray impingement and multicomponent vaporization of the droplet and wall film accounting for finite diffusion in the liquid. The infinite diffusion model was found insufficient for predicting vaporization in this engine, and the single-component fuel representation yields results significantly different from those from the multicomponent one. The operating parameters studied included injection timing, swirl, speed, target path, enrichment, and fuel accumulation. In-cylinder measurements were compared and good agreement was achieved. Detailed quantitative analysis of the air/fuel preparation of the engine was reported.

Effect of injection and ignition timing on a hydrogen-lean stratified charge combustion engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110346
Author(s):  
Sanguk Lee ◽  
Gyeonggon Kim ◽  
Choongsik Bae
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Stratified Charge ◽  
Lean Limit

Hydrogen can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines to realize a carbon-neutral transport society. By extending the lean limit of spark ignition engines, their efficiency, and emission characteristics can be improved. In this study, stratified charge combustion (SCC) using monofueled hydrogen direct injection was used to extend the lean limit of a spark ignition engine. The injection and ignition timing were varied to examine their effect on the SCC characteristics. An engine experiment was performed in a spray-guided single-cylinder research engine, and the nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions were measured. Depending on the injection timing, two different types of combustion were characterized: mild and hard combustion. The advancement and retardation of the ignition timing resulted in a high and low combustion stability, respectively. The lubricant-based particulate emission was attributed to the in-cylinder temperature and area of the flame surface. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that the optimization of the hydrogen SCC based on the injection and ignition timing could contribute to a clean and efficient transport sector.

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