Scheduling of a Single Flow Shop for Minimal Energy Cost Under Real-Time Electricity Pricing

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Fu Zhao ◽  
John W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Minimal Energy Cost ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Single Flow

A time-indexed integer programing approach is developed to optimize the manufacturing schedule of a factory for minimal energy cost under real-time pricing (RTP) of electricity. The approach is demonstrated using a flow shop operating during different time periods (i.e., day shift, swing shift, and night shift) in a microgrid, which also serves residential and commercial users. Results show that electricity cost can be reduced by 6.2%, 12.3%, and 21.5% for the three time periods considered, respectively. Additionally, a 6.3% cost reduction can be achieved by the residential and commercial buildings through adopting energy-conscious control strategies in this specific case study example.

scholarly journals Cost Efficient Real Time Electricity Management Services for Green Community Using Fog

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Rasool Bukhsh ◽  
Muhammad Umar Javed ◽  
Aisha Fatima ◽  
Nadeem Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Cost Efficient

The computing devices in data centers of cloud and fog remain in continues running cycle to provide services. The long execution state of large number of computing devices consumes a significant amount of power, which emits an equivalent amount of heat in the environment. The performance of the devices is compromised in heating environment. The high powered cooling systems are installed to cool the data centers. Accordingly, data centers demand high electricity for computing devices and cooling systems. Moreover, in Smart Grid (SG) managing energy consumption to reduce the electricity cost for consumers and minimum rely on fossil fuel based power supply (utility) is an interesting domain for researchers. The SG applications are time-sensitive. In this paper, fog based model is proposed for a community to ensure real-time energy management service provision. Three scenarios are implemented to analyze cost efficient energy management for power-users. In first scenario, community’s and fog’s power demand is fulfilled from the utility. In second scenario, community’s Renewable Energy Resources (RES) based Microgrid (MG) is integrated with the utility to meet the demand. In third scenario, the demand is fulfilled by integrating fog’s MG, community’s MG and the utility. In the scenarios, the energy demand of fog is evaluated with proposed mechanism. The required amount of energy to run computing devices against number of requests and amount of power require cooling down the devices are calculated to find energy demand by fog’s data center. The simulations of case studies show that the energy cost to meet the demand of the community and fog’s data center in third scenario is 15.09% and 1.2% more efficient as compared to first and second scenarios, respectively. In this paper, an energy contract is also proposed that ensures the participation of all power generating stakeholders. The results advocate the cost efficiency of proposed contract as compared to third scenario. The integration of RES reduce the energy cost and reduce emission of CO 2 . The simulations for energy management and plots of results are performed in Matlab. The simulation for fog’s resource management, measuring processing, and response time are performed in CloudAnalyst.

scholarly journals FLOW SHOP SCHEDULING BASED ON PALMER-NEH, GUPTA-NEH AND DANNENBRING-NEH ALGORITHMS TO MINIMIZE THE ENERGY COST

SINERGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Masrikhan Masrikhan ◽  
Dwi Agustina Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Flow Shop Scheduling ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Actual Method

In the manufacturing industry, the most widely used equipment is equipment that uses electricity. Electricity cost is one of the highest operational production costs after labor cost. So, it is very important to save and optimize the use of electrical equipment. One of the manufacturing industries is Taru Martani, Ltd. This research aims to minimize the energy cost by proposing three hybrid algorithms, namely Palmer-NEH, Gupta-NEH, and Dannenbring-NEH methods. Some scheduling evaluation is done using the Efficiency Index (EI) and Relative Error (RE) parameters. It is concluded that the Palmer-NEH and Gupta-NEH methods are the best methods with the lowest energy cost compared with company's actual method and the Dannenbring-NEH method. Based on the Palmer-NEH and Gupta-NEH methods, both methods can save the makespan up to 399.13 minutes or 6.65 hours compared with the company's actual method. With these methods, the company is also able to save the production cost by Rp. 818,043.00.

scholarly journals Minimal energy cost of entanglement extraction

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Hackl ◽  
Robert H. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Quadratic System ◽  
Product State ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Energy Increase ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Minimal Energy Cost

We compute the minimal energy cost for extracting entanglement from the ground state of a bosonic or fermionic quadratic system. Specifically, we find the minimal energy increase in the system resulting from replacing an entangled pair of modes, sharing entanglement entropy ΔS, by a product state, and we show how to construct modes achieving this minimal energy cost. Thus, we obtain a protocol independent lower bound on the extraction of pure state entanglement from quadratic systems. Due to their generality, our results apply to a large range of physical systems, as we discuss with examples.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

scholarly journals Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Jose Rueda Torres ◽  
Zameer Ahmad ◽  
Nidarshan Veera Kumar ◽  
Elyas Rakhshani ◽  
Ebrahim Adabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Digital Controllers ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale setups are becoming the key tools for prototyping and evaluating the performance and robustness of different converter technologies and control strategies. The performance evaluation of control strategies for dynamic frequency support using fast active power regulation (FAPR) requires the urgent development of a suitable power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) setup. In this paper, the most prominent emerging types of FAPR are selected and studied: droop-based FAPR, droop derivative-based FAPR, and virtual synchronous power (VSP)-based FAPR. A novel setup for PHIL-based performance evaluation of these strategies is proposed. The setup combines the advanced modeling and simulation functions of a real-time digital simulation platform (RTDS), an external programmable unit to implement the studied FAPR control strategies as digital controllers, and actual hardware. The hardware setup consists of a grid emulator to recreate the dynamic response as seen from the interface bus of the grid side converter of a power electronic-interfaced device (e.g., type-IV wind turbines), and a mockup voltage source converter (VSC, i.e., a device under test (DUT)). The DUT is virtually interfaced to one high-voltage bus of the electromagnetic transient (EMT) representation of a variant of the IEEE 9 bus test system, which has been modified to consider an operating condition with 52% of the total supply provided by wind power generation. The selected and programmed FAPR strategies are applied to the DUT, with the ultimate goal of ascertaining its feasibility and effectiveness with respect to the pure software-based EMT representation performed in real time. Particularly, the time-varying response of the active power injection by each FAPR control strategy and the impact on the instantaneous frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment periods are analyzed. The performed tests show the degree of improvements on both the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) and the maximum frequency excursion (e.g., nadir).

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