A Mechanistic Model of Predicting Solid Particle Erosion on the Symmetry Plane of Elbows for Annular Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Kang ◽  
Haixiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
The Impact

In the transportation process of oil and gas, solid particle erosion in pipelines is an inevitable problem. The erosion usually occurs in fittings with changing flow directions, such as elbows. A theoretical model based on mechanism analyses is developed for predicting the solid particle erosion on the symmetry plane of elbows for annular flow. This model is a sort of generalized erosion prediction procedure, which resolves the erosion process into the description of the flow field velocity profile, particle motion rules, and penetration calculation. The 1/7th power law is adopted to represent the velocity profile of gas core, and a linear velocity profile is assigned to the liquid film. The trajectories of particles in the gas core and the liquid film are discretized, and a mathematical model is developed by analyzing external forces acting on particles. The impact speeds and angles of particles can be obtained from the mathematical model, and the penetration ratios are then estimated by incorporating the impingement information of particles into the erosion formulas. By contrast with experimental data, the mechanistic model is validated and indicates advantages in both accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on penetration ratios are discussed in detail, including the superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, pipe diameter, particle diameter, curvature radius, and liquid viscosity.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicon Addition on High-Temperature Solid Particle Erosion-Wear Behaviour of Mullite-SiC Composite Refractories Prepared by Nitriding Reactive

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochao Li ◽  
Shusen Chen ◽  
Zhaohui Huang ◽  
Minghao Fang ◽  
Yan’gai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
The Impact

Solid particle erosion-wear experiments on as-prepared mullite-SiC composite refractories by nitriding reactive sintering were performed at elevated temperatures, using sharp black SiC abrasive particles at an impact speed of 50 m/s and the impact angle of 90° in the air atmosphere. The effects of silicon powder addition and erosion temperature on the erosion-wear resistance of mullite-SiC composite refractories were studied. The test results reveal that Si powders caused nitriding reaction to formβ-sialon whiskers in the matrix of mullite-SiC composite refractories. The erosion-wear resistance of mullite-SiC composite refractories was improved with the increase of silicon powder addition and erosion temperature, and the minimum volume erosion rate was under the condition of 12% silicon added and a temperature of 1400°C. The major erosion-wear mechanisms of mullite-SiC composite refractories were brittle erosion at the erosion temperature from room temperature to 1000°C and then plastic deformation from 1200°C to 1400°C.

Electrical resistance probe measurements of solid particle erosion in multiphase annular flow

Wear ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 382-383 ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Vieira ◽  
Mazdak Parsi ◽  
Peyman Zahedi ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Probe Measurements

A Combined CFD-Mechanistic Approach for Predicting Solid Particle Erosion in Annular Flow in Pipe Fittings and Elbows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Darihaki ◽  
Elham Fallah Shojaie ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In internal flows, solid particles carried by the fluid could damage pipelines and fittings. Particles that are entrained in the fluid can cross streamlines and transfer a part of their momentum to the internal surface by impacts and cause local wall material degradation. Over the past decades, a wide range of models is introduced to predict particle erosion which includes empirical models, mechanistic models, and CFD which is currently the state-of-art numerical approach to simulate the erosion process. Multiphase flow under annular flow conditions adds to the complexity of the model. Although with the current computational capabilities transient CFD models are effectively applicable, this type of transient multiphase approach is not practical yet for engineering prediction of erosion especially for the large diameter applications with huge computational domains. Therefore, the presented combined approach could be utilized to obtain erosion rates for large diameter cases. Thus, an approach combining CFD and mechanistic multiphase models characterizing annular flow is developed to predict solid particle erosion. Different factors including film thickness in pipes and fittings which are affecting erosion under gas-dominated multiphase flow conditions are investigated. The results from the current approach are compared to experimental data and transient CFD simulations for annular flow in elbows showing a very good agreement with both.

Development and validation of a mechanistic model to predict solid particle erosion in multiphase flow

Wear ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 259 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quamrul H. Mazumder ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
John R. Shadley ◽  
Edmund F. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Experimental And Numerical Study Of Single And Multiple Imapcts Of Angular particles On Ductile Metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Takaffoli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Erosion Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Angular Particles

Solid particle erosion occurs when small high speed particles impact surfaces. It can be either destructive such as in the erosion of oil pipelines by corrosion byproducts, or constructive such as in abrasive jet machining processes. Two dimensional finite element (FE) models of single rhomboid particles impact on a copper target were developed using two different techniques to deal with the problem of element distortion: (i) element deletion, and (ii) remeshing. It was found that the chip formation and the material pile-up, two phenomena that cannot be simulated using a previously developed rigid-plastic model, could be simulated using the FE models, resulting in a good agreement with experiments performed using a gas gun. However, remeshing in conjunction with a failure model caused numerical instabilities. The element deletion approach also induced errors in mass loss due to the removal of distorted elements. To address the limitations of the FE approach, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) which can better accommodate large deformations, was used in the simulation of the impact of single rhomboid particles on an aluminum alloy target. With appropriate constitutive and failure parameters, SPH was demonstrated to be suitable for simulating all of the relevant damage phenomena observed during impact experiments. A new methodology was developed for generating realistic three dimensional particle geometries based on measurements of the size and shape parameter distributions for a sample of 150 µm nominal diameter angular aluminum oxide powder. The FE models of these generated particles were implemented in a SPH/FE model to simulate non-overlapping particle impacts. It was shown that the simulated particles produced distributions of crater and crater lip dimensions that agreed well with those measured from particle blasting experiments. Finally, a numerical model for simulating overlapping impacts of angular particles was developed and compared to experimental multi-particle erosion tests, with good agreement. An investigation of the simulated trajectory of the impacting particles revealed various erosion mechanisms such as the micromachining of chips, the ploughing of craters, and the formation, forging and knocking off crater lips which were consistent with previously noted ductile solid particle erosion mechanisms in the literature.

Numerical Prediction of Solid Particle Erosion for Elbows Mounted in Series

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic N. Felten
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Impact

Erosive wear due to solid-particle impact is a complex phenomenon where different parameters are responsible for causing material removal from the metal surface. Some of the most critical parameters regarding the solid particles are the size, density, roundness, and volume concentration. The properties of the carrying fluid (density, dynamic viscosity, bulk modulus…), the geometry of the flow path (straight or deviated), and the surface material properties are also major contributors to the overall severity of the solid-particle erosion process. The intent of this paper is to focus on the impact of the flow path geometry on surface erosion for a specific carrier fluid, flow rate, sand type and sand-volume concentration. A numerical approach using the commercial CFD code FLUENT is applied to investigate the solid particle erosion in two 90° pipe elbows mounted in series. The distance between the two elbows is varied, as is the angle between them. A total of 16 cases are analyzed numerically. The relationships between the parameters pertinent to the two elbows and the erosion pattern, erosion intensity, and location of maximum erosion are presented. Prior to the analyses for the two elbows mounted in series, an in-depth validation effort for a single elbow geometry is undertaken to determine the appropriate mesh requirement, turbulence model, and to calibrate the inputs to the erosion model.

scholarly journals Experimental And Numerical Study Of Single And Multiple Imapcts Of Angular particles On Ductile Metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Takaffoli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Erosion Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Angular Particles

Solid particle erosion occurs when small high speed particles impact surfaces. It can be either destructive such as in the erosion of oil pipelines by corrosion byproducts, or constructive such as in abrasive jet machining processes. Two dimensional finite element (FE) models of single rhomboid particles impact on a copper target were developed using two different techniques to deal with the problem of element distortion: (i) element deletion, and (ii) remeshing. It was found that the chip formation and the material pile-up, two phenomena that cannot be simulated using a previously developed rigid-plastic model, could be simulated using the FE models, resulting in a good agreement with experiments performed using a gas gun. However, remeshing in conjunction with a failure model caused numerical instabilities. The element deletion approach also induced errors in mass loss due to the removal of distorted elements. To address the limitations of the FE approach, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) which can better accommodate large deformations, was used in the simulation of the impact of single rhomboid particles on an aluminum alloy target. With appropriate constitutive and failure parameters, SPH was demonstrated to be suitable for simulating all of the relevant damage phenomena observed during impact experiments. A new methodology was developed for generating realistic three dimensional particle geometries based on measurements of the size and shape parameter distributions for a sample of 150 µm nominal diameter angular aluminum oxide powder. The FE models of these generated particles were implemented in a SPH/FE model to simulate non-overlapping particle impacts. It was shown that the simulated particles produced distributions of crater and crater lip dimensions that agreed well with those measured from particle blasting experiments. Finally, a numerical model for simulating overlapping impacts of angular particles was developed and compared to experimental multi-particle erosion tests, with good agreement. An investigation of the simulated trajectory of the impacting particles revealed various erosion mechanisms such as the micromachining of chips, the ploughing of craters, and the formation, forging and knocking off crater lips which were consistent with previously noted ductile solid particle erosion mechanisms in the literature.

Experimental Investigation on the Solid Particle Erosion in the Control Stage Nozzles of Steam Turbine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsen Wang ◽  
Guanwei Liu ◽  
Jingru Mao ◽  
Zhenping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Control Stage ◽  
Profile Characteristic ◽  
The Impact

This study is concerned with experiments for the relation of solid particle erosion (SPE) and the nozzle profiles. The exfoliated scale from boiler tubing results in hard particles that erode steam turbine components, especially on the control stage nozzles of high parameters turbine. To characterize SPE, solid particle trajectory is measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and its relation with the erosion rate of the nozzle surfaces is correlated. In addition, erosion characteristic of nozzle material is investigated by experiments and results reveal that the erosion rate is directly proportional to the impacting velocity of particles with the power of 2.31 and the maximum erosion rate is taken place at the impact angle of 20–25 degree. Furthermore, 0.5% increase in the erosion rate for every one degree of steam temperature rise is observed in the range of 839K∼883K. The erosion rate of front-loaded nozzle A is 2∼3 times higher than that of conventional design nozzle B. The life cycle of nozzle is determined by the erosion of outlet edge, and the life of nozzle B is about 5 times as long as the life of nozzle A. Based on the relation of erosion rate and nozzle profile characteristic, it can be inferred that a aft-loaded nozzle with a contoured endwall substituting a planar endwall may outperform over other nozzle profiles in anti-SPE, prolonging the life cycle of the nozzle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document