Thermal Analysis and Parametric Investigation of PCM-Air Cooled Lithium Ion Battery Pack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goker Turkakar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effect ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Parametric Investigation ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Change Material

Abstract A parametric analysis has been conducted for Phase Change Material-Air cooled battery pack. The system is composed of 26650 lithium-ion LiFePO4 batteries enclosed by PCM. 1-D thermal model for the PCM domain is developed using the Enthalpy method. The finite volume method is employed to solve the energy equation for both cell and PCM domain. The developed computational algorithm has been validated as a result of the simulations for the same conditions with the literature. The discharge process of the batteries has been investigated for 2C, 3C, and 5C rates. Thermal analyses have been performed for passive (natural convection) and active cooling (forced convection). It is aimed to keep the temperature of the battery cell under critical levels. A parametric investigation for crucial parameters like; PCM layer thickness, the thermal conductivity of the PCM, the arrangement of the batteries has been performed. Simulations have been conducted for the constant air velocity and the pumping power. Thanks to the constant pumping power analysis, thermally best-performing configuration has been sought by eliminating the hydrodynamic effect.

scholarly journals Research on Key Technologies for Improving the Electro catalytic Performance and Physical Properties of Lithium Batteries in Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022071
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Battery Cell

Abstract Aiming at the uneven heat generation in various parts of the electric vehicle lithium battery pack during the discharge process, the heat generation mechanism is studied, and the lithium battery catalytic performance model is established to obtain the current density and heat generation rate distribution law of the lithium battery cell on the cell. The thermal model can simulate the thermal behavior of the battery under application conditions. Study the laws of battery heat production, heat transfer, and heat dissipation, and calculate the temperature changes inside and on the battery and the temperature field information in real time to provide a basis for the design and optimization of the battery and battery pack thermal management system. The simulation results show that the established model can predict the heating distribution and temperature field of the internal layered structure of the lithium-ion battery, which is helpful for the subsequent analysis of key influencing factors.

scholarly journals Lifetime and Aging Degradation Prognostics for Lithium-ion Battery Packs Based on a Cell to Pack Method

2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhong Che ◽  
Zhongwei Deng ◽  
Xiaolin Tang ◽  
Xianke Lin ◽  
Xianghong Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Battery Cells

AbstractAging diagnosis of batteries is essential to ensure that the energy storage systems operate within a safe region. This paper proposes a novel cell to pack health and lifetime prognostics method based on the combination of transferred deep learning and Gaussian process regression. General health indicators are extracted from the partial discharge process. The sequential degradation model of the health indicator is developed based on a deep learning framework and is migrated for the battery pack degradation prediction. The future degraded capacities of both battery pack and each battery cell are probabilistically predicted to provide a comprehensive lifetime prognostic. Besides, only a few separate battery cells in the source domain and early data of battery packs in the target domain are needed for model construction. Experimental results show that the lifetime prediction errors are less than 25 cycles for the battery pack, even with only 50 cycles for model fine-tuning, which can save about 90% time for the aging experiment. Thus, it largely reduces the time and labor for battery pack investigation. The predicted capacity trends of the battery cells connected in the battery pack accurately reflect the actual degradation of each battery cell, which can reveal the weakest cell for maintenance in advance.

scholarly journals Effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110081
Author(s):  
Xia Hua ◽  
Alan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Cell

Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used as the main energy storage devices in modern mobile applications, including modern spacecrafts, satellites, and electric vehicles, in which consistent and severe vibrations exist. As the lithium-ion battery market share grows, so must our understanding of the effect of mechanical vibrations and shocks on the electrical performance and mechanical properties of such batteries. Only a few recent studies investigated the effect of vibrations on the degradation and fatigue of battery cell materials as well as the effect of vibrations on the battery pack structure. This review focused on the recent progress in determining the effect of dynamic loads and vibrations on lithium-ion batteries to advance the understanding of lithium-ion battery systems. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies conducted in both academia and industry in the past few years are reviewed herein. Although the effect of dynamic loads and random vibrations on the mechanical behavior of battery pack structures has been investigated and the correlation between vibration and the battery cell electrical performance has been determined to support the development of more robust electrical systems, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanical degradation mechanisms that affect the electrical performance and safety of battery cells.

Self-Balancing by Design in Hybrid Electrochemical Battery Packs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Adilah Aljunid ◽  
Michelle A. K. Denlinger ◽  
Hosam K. Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Battery ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Physics Based Simulation

This paper explores the novel concept that a hybrid battery pack containing both lithium-ion (Li-ion) and vanadium redox flow (VRF) cells can self-balance automatically, by design. The proposed hybrid pack connects the Li-ion and VRF cells in parallel to form “hybrid cells”, then connects these hybrid cells into series strings. The basic idea is to exploit the recirculation and mixing of the VRF electrolytes to establish an internal feedback loop. This feedback loop attenuates state of charge (SOC) imbalances in both the VRF battery and the lithium-ion cells connected to it. This self-balancing occurs automatically, by design. This stands in sharp contrast to today’s battery pack balancing approaches, all of which require either (passive/active) power electronics or an external photovoltaic source to balance battery cell SOCs. The paper demonstrates this self-balancing property using a physics-based simulation of the proposed hybrid pack. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first report in the literature of self-balancing “by design” in electrochemical battery packs.

scholarly journals Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Andreas Ziegler ◽  
David Oeser ◽  
Thiemo Hein ◽  
Daniel Montesinos-Miracle ◽  
Ansgar Ackva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Jelly Roll ◽  
Battery Cells

The aim of this work is to age commercial battery cells far beyond their expected lifetime. There is a gap in the literature regarding run to failure tests of lithium-ion batteries that this work intends to address. Therefore, twenty new Samsung ICR18650-26F cells were aged as a battery pack in a run to failure test. Aging took place with a constant load current and a constant charge current to accelerate capacity decrease. Important aging parameters such as capacity and internal resistance were measured at each cycle to monitor their development. The end of the test was initiated by the explosion of a single battery cell, after which the battery pack was disassembled and all parameters of the still intact single cells were measured. The distribution of all measured capacities and internal resistances is displayed graphically. This clearly shows the influence of the exploded cell on the cells in its immediate vicinity. Selected cells from this area of the battery were subjected to computed tomography (CT) to detect internal defects. The X-rays taken with computed tomography showed clear damage within the jelly roll, as well as the triggered safety mechanisms.

Modeling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Modified Battery Cell Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilisa Dewi Kharisma ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan ◽  
Arinata Fatchun Ilmiawan ◽  
Ferdaus Ario Nurman ◽  
Saiful Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Battery Cell

scholarly journals Thermal Simulation of Phase Change Material for Cooling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

Electrochem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Change Material

A new heat transfer enhancement approach was proposed for the cooling system of lithium-ion batteries. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the passive thermal management system for a battery pack was accomplished by employing ANSYS Fluent (Canonsburg, PA, USA). Phase change material was used for the thermal management of lithium-ion battery modules and as the heat transmission source to decrease battery temperature in fast charging and discharge conditions. Constant current charge and discharge were applied to lithium-ion battery modules. In the experimental part of the research, an isothermal battery calorimeter was used to determine the heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries. Thermal performance was simulated for the presence of phase change material composites. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that phase change material cooling considerably decreases the lithium-ion battery temperature increase during fast charging and discharging conditions use. The greatest temperature at the end of 9 C, 7 C, 5 C, and 3 C charges and discharges were approximately 49.7, 44.6, 38.4, and 33.1 °C, respectively, demonstrating satisfactory performance in lithium-ion battery thermal homogeneity of the passive thermal management system.

Coupled-Physics Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cylindrical Cell Microstructure

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Doval ◽  
Ilya V. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Battery Cell

Safety of consumer vehicles is an extremely important consideration for the automotive industry. An emerging market in the automotive industry today is the electric and hybrid-electric vehicle market. As environmental concerns grow, such vehicles will become a necessity for manufacturers to remain within increasingly stringent emissions regulations. A recent problem with the high-voltage lithium-ion batteries used in many of these vehicles is that of thermal runaway following a severe collision. This paper represents our early attempt to look at one aspect of this extensive project — a coupled-physics model of battery cell microstructure. In this case, couple-physics refers only to thermal-structural coupling and the microstructure being studied here is the laminate-level structure. A 2-D finite element model of a lithium-ion cell was therefore developed. This 2-D model of the cell, also called a jellyroll, is a cross-section cut of one cell within a battery pack. Each battery cell is an assembly of alternating thin sheets of functional materials (anode, separator and cathode), which are rolled into a cylindrical shape. The cross-section then takes the form of a layered spiral. The typical cell is made of an aluminum cathode with coating, copper anode with coating, and a non-linear, viscoelastic polymer separator. Once the 2-D jellyroll FE model was created, some initial structural element simulations were run to validate the geometry setup and model integrity. Next, thermal-structural coupled-field simulations were run to investigate stress propagation resulting from thermal loads as well as the same loading cases performed with the structural-only model. Different loading conditions, including uniaxial stress-strain state, hydrostatic pressure test, and thermo-mechanical loading were simulated. The results from the simulations performed in the project set the groundwork of future models involving electrical properties and models of 3-D cells and the full battery pack.

scholarly journals Numerical study of thermal cooling for Lithium-ion battery pack using phase change material

2020 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
K Rohit Kumar ◽  
V Sharan ◽  
R Harish ◽  
M B Shyam Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Change Material

scholarly journals Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Behi ◽  
Danial Karimi ◽  
Rekabra Youssef ◽  
Mahesh Suresh Patil ◽  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Battery Module

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as a promising energy source for electric vehicle (EV) applications owing to the solution offered by their high power, high specific energy, no memory effect, and their excellent durability. However, they generate a large amount of heat, particularly during the fast discharge process. Therefore, a suitable thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to guarantee their performance, efficiency, capacity, safety, and lifetime. This study investigates the thermal performance of different passive cooling systems for the LTO Li-ion battery cell/module with the application of natural convection, aluminum (Al) mesh, copper (Cu) mesh, phase change material (PCM), and PCM-graphite. Experimental results show the average temperature of the cell, due to natural convection, Al mesh, Cu mesh, PCM, and PCM-graphite compared with the lack of natural convection decrease by 6.4%, 7.4%, 8.8%, 30%, and 39.3%, respectively. In addition, some numerical simulations and investigations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics®, for the battery module consisting of 30 cells, which is cooled by PCM and PCM-graphite. The maximum temperature of the battery module compared with the natural convection case study is reduced by 15.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the cell spacing in the battery module has a direct effect on temperature reduction.

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