scholarly journals Humidity Effects on Gas Turbine Performance

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bird ◽  
W. Grabe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Humidity Effects ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Moisture in the intake air of a gas turbine can affect its operation and performance in two different ways: by possible condensation in the inlet and by changing the gas properties throughout the cycle. Condensation can be controlled by restricting engine operation with limits on relative and absolute humidities. Two fundamental correction approaches for the effects of humidity on major engine parameters were investigated; they were found to compare very well. Both methods correct parameters as a function of absolute humidity, yielding corrections of between 0.1 and 0.8%, for high humidity test conditions. Additional operational, engine-specific humidity corrections were examined: some notable differences were observed. Recommendations are made for the correction of major performance data for absolute humidity.

Performance Prediction of Gas Turbine Under Different Strategies Using Low Heating Value Fuel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Batista da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Assato ◽  
Rosiane Cristina de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Usually, the turbogenerators are designed to fire a specific fuel, depending on the project of these engines may be allowed the operation with other kinds of fuel compositions. However, it is necessary a careful evaluation of the operational behavior and performance of them due to conversion, for example, from natural gas to different low heating value fuels. Thus, this work describes strategies used to simulate the performance of a single shaft industrial gas turbine designed to operate with natural gas when firing low heating value fuel, such as biomass fuel from gasification process or blast furnace gas (BFG). Air bled from the compressor and variable compressor geometry have been used as key strategies by this paper. Off-design performance simulations at a variety of ambient temperature conditions are described. It was observed the necessity for recovering the surge margin; both techniques showed good solutions to achieve the same level of safe operation in relation to the original engine. Finally, a flammability limit analysis in terms of the equivalence ratio was done. This analysis has the objective of verifying if the combustor will operate using the low heating value fuel. For the most engine operation cases investigated, the values were inside from minimum and maximum equivalence ratio range.

The Use of Kalman Filter and Neural Network Methodologies in Gas Turbine Performance Diagnostics: A Comparative Study

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Volponi ◽  
Hans DePold ◽  
Ranjan Ganguli ◽  
Chen Daguang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Module Performance ◽  
Performance Diagnostics

The goal of Gas Turbine Performance Diagnostics is to accurately detect, isolate and assess the changes in engine module performance, engine system malfunctions and instrumentation problems from knowledge of measured parameters taken along the engine’s gas path. Discernable shifts in engine speeds, temperatures, pressures, fuel flow, etc., provide the requisite information for determining the underlying shift in engine operation from a presumed nominal state. Historically, this type of analysis was performed through the use of a Kalman Filter or one of its derivatives to simultaneously estimate a plurality of engine faults. In the past decade, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been employed as a pattern recognition device to accomplish the same task. Both methods have enjoyed a reasonable success.

Influence of High Fogging Systems on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cataldi ◽  
Harald Gu¨ntner ◽  
Charles Matz ◽  
Tom McKay ◽  
Ju¨rgen Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
And Performance

High fogging is a power augmentation device where water is sprayed upstream of the compressor inlet with higher mass flow than that which would be needed to saturate the intake air. The main focus of this paper is on applications of high fogging on the ALSTOM gas turbine engines of the family GT24/GT26. Engine operation and performance are illustrated based on test results obtained from four different engines that have meanwhile accumulated more than 12’000 operating hours (OH) in commercial operation with ALSTOM’s ALFog® high fogging system. The effect of internal cooling (water evaporation inside the compressor) is investigated considering actual compressor boundaries matched within the complete engine. Changes in the secondary air system (SAS) and corresponding movement of the engine operating line have been taken into account. Power output gain as high as 7.1% was experimentally demonstrated for injected water mass fraction (f = mH2O/mair) equal to 1% and considering internal cooling effects only. Higher figures can be obtained for operation at low ambient relative humidity and partial evaporation upstream of the compressor inlet.

Some Aspects of Modelling Compressor Behavior in Gas Turbine Performance Calculations

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Riegler ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Joachim Kurzke
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Bypass Ratio

Performance calculation procedures for gas turbine engines are usually based on the performance characteristics of the engine components, and especially the turbo components are of major interest. In this paper methods of modelling compressors in gas turbine performance calculations are discussed. The basic methodologies based on Mach number similarity are summarized briefly including some second order effects. Under extreme enginepartload conditions, as for example subidle or windmilling, the operating points in the compressor map are located in a region which is usually not covered by rig tests. In addition the parameters usually used in compressor maps are no longer appropriate. For these operating conditions a method is presented to extrapolate compressor maps towards very low spool speed down to the locked rotor. Instead of the efficiency more appropriate parameters as for example specific work or specific torque are suggested. A compressor map prepared with the proposed methods is presented and discussed. As another relevant topic the performance modelling of fans for low bypass ratio turbofans is covered. Due to the flow splitter downstream of such a fan the core and bypass stream may be throttled independently during engine operation and bypass ratio becomes a third independent parameter in the map. Because testing a fan on the rig for various bypass ratios is a very costly task, a simplified method has been developed which accounts for the effects of bypass ratio.

scholarly journals A Practical Guide for Gas Turbine Performance Field and Test Data Analysis

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francoise M. Krampf
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Test Cell ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Turbine Performance

This paper provides a simple method for correcting and analyzing the performance data from a simple cycle, two shaft gas turbine. This data may have been collected in a test cell, in the field or by a user who desires to closely monitor the performance of an engine.

Some Aspects of Modeling Compressor Behavior in Gas Turbine Performance Calculations

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Riegler ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Joachim Kurzke
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Bypass Ratio

Performance calculation procedures for gas turbine engines are usually based on the performance characteristics of the engine components, and especially the turbo components are of major interest. In this paper methods of modelling compressors in gas turbine performance calculations are discussed. The basic methodologies based on Mach number similarity are summarized briefly including some second order effects. Under extreme engine partload conditions, as for example subidle or windmilling, the operating points in the compressor map are located in a region which is usually not covered by rig tests. In addition the parameters usually used in compressor maps are no longer appropriate. For these operating conditions a method is presented to extrapolate compressor maps towards very low spool speed down to the locked rotor. Instead of the efficiency more appropriate parameters as for example specific work or specific torque are suggested. A compressor map prepared with the proposed methods is presented and discussed. As another relevant topic the performance modelling of fans for low bypass ratio turbofans is covered. Due to the flow splitter downstream of such a fan the core and bypass stream may be throttled independently during engine operation and bypass ratio becomes a third independent parameter in the map. Because testing a fan on the rig for various bypass ratios is a very costly task, a simplified method has been developed which accounts for the effects of bypass ratio.

scholarly journals High Humidity Aerodynamic Effects Study on Offshore Wind Turbine Airfoil/Blade Performance through CFD Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Yue ◽  
Yu Xue ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Humidity Effects ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Rainy Weather

Damp air with high humidity combined with foggy, rainy weather, and icing in winter weather often is found to cause turbine performance degradation, and it is more concerned with offshore wind farm development. To address and understand the high humidity effects on wind turbine performance, our study has been conducted with spread sheet analysis on damp air properties investigation for air density and viscosity; then CFD modeling study using Fluent was carried out on airfoil and blade aerodynamic performance effects due to water vapor partial pressure of mixing flow and water condensation around leading edge and trailing edge of airfoil. It is found that the high humidity effects with water vapor mixing flow and water condensation thin film around airfoil may have insignificant effect directly on airfoil/blade performance; however, the indirect effects such as blade contamination and icing due to the water condensation may have significant effects on turbine performance degradation. Also it is that found the foggy weather with microwater droplet (including rainy weather) may cause higher drag that lead to turbine performance degradation. It is found that, at high temperature, the high humidity effect on air density cannot be ignored for annual energy production calculation. The blade contamination and icing phenomenon need to be further investigated in the next study.

Process Optimization of an Integrated Combined Cycle — The Impact and Benefit of Sequential Combustion

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Jury ◽  
David E. Searles
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Exhaust Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

Advanced gas turbine designs require revisiting the optimization process to provide maximum competitiveness of new generating installations. This counts specifically for those designs created for combined cycle applications. Gas turbine performance and its associated exhaust temperature has been increasing at a rapid pace over recent years. The conventional method of selecting a GT based upon price and performance, and then designing a complex bottoming cycle does not provide sufficient solutions for power generation in an open access marketplace. The optimal solution takes into account the interrelation between the GT and WS cycle, leading to a more efficient, simplified and flexible power plant. This analysis shows how different levels of GT exhaust energy lead to different optimum cycle solutions. It shows, as postulated above, that considering the WS cycle demands in gas turbine design leads to a simpler cycle with inherent advantages in efficiency, reliability and flexibility.

Influence of High Fogging Systems on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cataldi ◽  
Harald Güntner ◽  
Charles Matz ◽  
Tom McKay ◽  
Jürgen Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
And Performance

High fogging is a power augmentation device where water is sprayed upstream of the compressor inlet with higher mass flow than that which would be needed to saturate the intake air. The main focus of this paper is on applications of high fogging on the ALSTOM gas turbine engines of the family GT24/GT26. Engine operation and performance are illustrated based on test results obtained from four different engines that have meanwhile accumulated more than 12,000 operating hours (OH) in commercial operation with ALSTOM’s ALFog® high fogging system. The effect of internal cooling (water evaporation inside the compressor) is investigated considering actual compressor boundaries matched within the complete engine. Changes in the secondary air system (SAS) and corresponding movement of the engine operating line have been taken into account. Power output gain as high as 7.1% was experimentally demonstrated for injected water mass fraction (f=mH2O∕mair) equal to 1% and considering internal cooling effects only. Higher figures can be obtained for operation at low ambient relative humidity and partial evaporation upstream of the compressor inlet.

scholarly journals Emissions and Performance of Catalysts for Gas Turbine Catalytic Combustors

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Reference Velocity ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Exit Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Catalytic Combustor ◽  
Emissions And Performance

Three noble-metal monolithic catalysts were tested in a 12-cm-dia combustion test rig to obtain emissions and performance data at conditions simulating the operation of a catalytic combustor for an automotive gas turbine engine. Tests with one of the catalysts at 800 K inlet mixture temperature, 3 × 105 Pa (3 atm) pressure, and a reference velocity (catalyst bed inlet velocity) of 10 m/sec demonstrated greater than 99 percent combustion efficiency for reaction temperatures higher than 1300 K. With a reference velocity of 25 m/sec the reaction temperature required to achieve the same combustion efficiency increased to 1380 K. The exit temperature pattern factors for all three catalysts were below 0.1 when adiabatic reaction temperatures were higher than 1400 K. The highest pressure drop was 4.5 percent at 25 m/sec reference velocity. Nitrogen oxides emissions were less than 0.1 g NO2/kg fuel for all test conditions.

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