scholarly journals Status of the European Gas Turbine Program — AGATA

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Gabrielsson ◽  
Robert Lundberg ◽  
Patrick Avran
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European Gas Turbine Program “AGATA” which started in 1993 now has reached its verification phase. The objective of the program is to develop three critical ceramic components aimed at a 60 kW turbogenerator in a hybrid electric vehicle — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. Each of the three ceramic components is validated separately during steady state and transient conditions in separate test rigs at ONERA, France, where the high pressure/temperature conditions can be achieved. A separate test rig for laser measurements downstream of the catalytic combustor is set up at Volvo Aero Turbines, Sweden. The catalytic combustor design which includes preheater, premix duct and catalytic section operates at temperatures up to 1623 K. Due to this high temperature, the catalyst initially has undergone pilot tests including ageing, activity and strength tests. The premix duct flow field also has been evaluated by LDV measurements. The full scale combustion tests are ongoing. The turbine wheel design is completed and the first wheels have been manufactured. FEM calculations have indicated that stress levels are below 300 MPa. The material used is a silicon nitride manufactured by AC Cerama (Grade CSN 101). Cold spin tests with complete wheels have started. Hot spin tests at TTT 1623 K will be performed in a modified turbo charger rig and are expected to start in February 1998. The heat exchanger is of a high efficiency plate recuperator design using Cordierite material. Hot side inlet temperature is 1286 K. Therefore initial tests with test samples have been run to evaluate the thermomechanical properties at high temperatures. Tests are now proceeding with a 1/4 scale recuperator prototype to evaluate performance at steady state conditions. Manufacturing of the full scale heat exchanger is now in progress.

Progress on the European Gas Turbine Program “AGATA”

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabrielsson ◽  
G. Holmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Critical Item ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The four-year European Gas Turbine Program “AGATA” was started in January 1993 with the objective of developing three critical components aimed at a 60 kW turbogenerator in an hybrid electric vehicle: a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst, and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project for the first three-year period. Experimental verification of the components started during the third year of the program. A high-pressure/temperature test rig for the combustor and the heat exchanger tests has been built and is now being commissioned. A high-temperature turbine spin rig will be ready late 1995. The turbine wheel design is completed and ceramic Si3N4 spin disks have been manufactured by injection molding and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). A straight blade design has been selected and FEM calculations have indicated that stress levels that occur during a cold start are below 300 MPa. The catalytic combustor final design for full-scale testing has been defined. Due to the high operating temperature, 1350°C, catalyst pilot tests have included aging, activity, and strength tests. Based on these tests, substrate and active materials have been selected. Initial full-scale tests including LDV measurements in the premix duct will start late 1995. The heat exchanger design has also been defined. This is based on a high-efficiency plate recuperator design. One critical item is the ceramic thermoplastic extrusion manufacturing method for the extremely thin exchanger plates another is the bonding technique: ceramic to ceramic and ceramic to metal. Significant progress on these two items has been achieved. The manufacturing of quarter scale prototypes is now in process.

scholarly journals Progress on the AGATA Project: A European Ceramic Gas Turbine for Hybrid Vehicles

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg ◽  
Rolf Gabrielsson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Ceramic Recuperator ◽  
Catalytic Combustor ◽  
Ceramic Honeycomb

The European EUREKA project EU 209 or AGATA - Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles is a program dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components; i. catalytic combustor, ii. radial turbine wheel, iii. static heat exchanger, designed for a 60 kW turbogenerator hybrid electric vehicle. The objective is to develop and test the three components as a full scale feasibility study with an industrial perspective. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in France and Sweden. The program has been running since early 1993 with good progress in all three sub-projects. The turbine wheel design is now completed. FEM calculations indicate that the maximum stress occur during cold start and is below 300 MPa. Extensive mechanical testing of the Si3N4 materials from AC Cerama and C&C has been performed. The catalytic combustor operates uncooled at 1350°C. This means a severe environment for both the active catalyst and the ceramic honeycomb substrates. Catalysts with high activity even after aging at 1350°C have been developed. Ceramic honeycomb substrates that survive this temperature have also been defined. The catalytic combustor final design is ready and the configurations which will be full scale tested have been selected. The heat exchanger will be a ceramic recuperator with 90 % efficiency. Both a tube concept and a plate concept have been studied. The plate concept has been chosen for further work. Sub-scale plate recuperators made of either cordierite or SiC have been manufactured by C&C and tested.

Progress on the European Gas Turbine Program: AGATA

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Gabrielsson ◽  
Göran Holmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Critical Item ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The four-year European Gas Turbine Program “AGATA” was started in Jan 1993 with the objective to develop three critical components aimed at a 60 kW turbogenerator in an hybrid electric vehicle — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project for the first three year period. During the third year of the program, the experimental verification of the components has started. A high pressure/temperature test rig for the combustor and the heat exchanger tests has been built and is now being commissioned. A high temperature turbine spin rig will be ready late 1995. The turbine wheel design is completed and ceramic Si3N4 spin discs have been manufactured by injection moulding and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). A straight blade design has been selected and FEM calculations have indicated that stress levels which occur during a cold start are below 300 MPa. The catalytic combustor final design for full scale testing has been defined. Due to the high operating temperature, 1350°C, catalyst pilot tests have included ageing, activity and strength tests. Based on these tests, substrate and active materials have been selected. Initial full scale tests including LDV measurements in the premix duct will start late 1995. The heat exchanger design has also been defined. This is based on a high efficiency plate recuperator design. One critical item is the ceramic thermoplastic extrusion manufacturing method for the extremely thin exchanger plates another is the bonding technique: ceramic to ceramic and ceramic to metal. Significant progress on these two items has been achieved. The manufacturing of quarter scale prototypes is now in process.

HIPed Silicon Nitride Components for AGATA — A European Gas Turbine for Hybrid Vehicles

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European EUREKA project, EU 209, otherwise known as AGATA (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in an hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, have been designed and developed and will be manufactured and tested as part of a full scale feasibility study. AGATA is a joint project conducted by eight commercial companies and four research institutes in France and Sweden. Silicon nitride ceramics play an important role both in the development of the catalytic combustor and for the radial turbine wheel. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project with special emphasis to the development of HIPed Si3N4 combustor and turbine wheel. AC Cerama has developed a HIPed Si3N4 material designated CSN 101. This material has been selected for the catalytic combustor afterburner as well as for the radial turbine wheel. Mechanical properties of the CSN 101 Si3N4 have been found to be at the level of the best available high temperature Si3N4 materials. A new glass encapsulation technique using an interlayer between the glass and the silicon nitride has been shown to give material with excellent strength and creep resistance with as-HIPed surface finish.

scholarly journals Catalytic Combustor Development Within the AGATA Program

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Gabrielsson ◽  
Gerard Payen ◽  
Patrick Avran
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Catalytic Combustor ◽  
Maximum Design

The European AGATA programme (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in a hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested as part of a full-scale feasibility study. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. The AGATA project commenced in early 1993 and has occupied a 5-year period until April 1998. This paper summarises the results from the development of the catalytic combustor. The catalytic combustor operates at temperatures in the catalytic section from inlet 935°C to the exhaust 1350°C. Therefore all structural components in the hot section are made of ceramic materials. The testing and validation have been run through a component test campaign from which it was concluded that: • The catalytic section substrates showed good behaviour during the high temperature tests. • Palladium was chosen as the active catalytic material after extensive testing at pilot scale. Ageing at high temperature (1270°C) has a strong effect on catalyst deactivation. • Emissions levels of the preheater are in agreement with the state of the an for small aero-engines according to the ICAO legislation. The complete full scale combustor testing was run in the following steps: • Initial gas analysis tests at inlet temperature 200° lower than the nominal value • CARS and gas analysis • Comparison diesel and ethanol fuels • Final testing at maximum design temperatures and pressure The catalytic combustor was run on diesel fuel during the complete test period. A test campaign comparing exhaust emissions when running on ethanol fuel was performed at Volvo Aero Turbines. These results showed that the catalyst reaction rate and CO/HC/NOx emissions were similar. This means that the chosen catalytic combustor can be used as a dual fuel combustor diesel/ethanol. The final test campaign at ONERA, France, was run up to temperatures slightly above the specified maximum design temperatures. Inlet temperature 962°C (design 935°C) and exhaust temperature 1362°C (design 1350°C). These tests showed that NOx emission levels below 4 ppm @15% O2 were obtained when low CO and HC emissions levels were measured at full load conditions. This promising performance level was reached with technologies that still have to be thoroughly evaluated in terms of durability and low cost potential for industrial applications.

scholarly journals AGATA: A European Ceramic Gas Turbine for Hybrid Vehicles

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European EUREKA project EU 209 or AGATA - Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles is a program dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components; i. catalytic combustor, ii. radial turbine wheel, iii. static heat exchanger, designed for a 60 kW turbogenerator for a hybrid electric vehicle. The objective is to develop and test the three components as a full scale feasibility study with an industrial perspective. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in France and Sweden.

Silicon Nitride Components for AGATA: A European Gas Turbine for Hybrid Vehicles

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg ◽  
Jan Adlerborn
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European EUREKA project, EU 209, otherwise known as AGATA (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in an hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, will be designed, developed, manufactured and tested as part of a full scale feasibility study. AGATA is a joint project conducted by eight commercial companies and four research institutes in France and Sweden. Silicon nitride ceramics play an important role both in the development of the catalytic combustor and for the radial turbine wheel. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project with special emphasis to the development of Si3N4 combustor and turbine wheel.

scholarly journals HIPed Silicon Nitride Components for AGATA — Properties and Evaluation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg ◽  
Mona P. Moret ◽  
Luc Garguet-Duport
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European EUREKA project, EU 209, otherwise known as AGATA (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in an hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested as part of a full scale feasibility study. AGATA is a joint project conducted by eight commercial companies and four research institutes in France and Sweden. Silicon nitride ceramics play an important role both in the development of the catalytic combustor and for the radial turbine wheel. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project with special emphasis to the development of HIPed Si3N4 combustor and turbine wheel. AC Cerama has developed a HIPed Si3N4 material designated CSN 101. This material has been selected for the catalytic combustor afterburner as well as for the radial turbine wheel. Mechanical properties of the CSN 101 Si3N4 have been found to be at the level of the best available high temperature Si3N4 materials. A new glass encapsulation technique using an interlayer between the glass and the silicon nitride has been shown to give material with excellent strength, oxidation resistance and creep resistance with as-HIPed surface finish.

scholarly journals Facilities for Automotive Gas Turbine Ceramic Components

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Avran ◽  
Alain Leclair ◽  
Gérard Payen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The first part of this paper describes the test facility to characterize the catalytic combustor. The combustion chamber is a LPP combustor (Lean Premixed Prevaporised), made of preheater, premix duct, catalytic part and after burner. Each component will be validated separately for the required conditions (steady state and transient conditions). All the measurements and data acquisition are described. The second part deals with the test facility for the hot spin test of the ceramic wheel. The base of the test bench is a modified turbocharger (maximum rotating speed: 125000 r.p.m.). With this configuration it will be possible to test the ceramic radial wheel within the AGATA specifications; in this case the compressor is used like a brake. The last part is devoted to two ceramic heat exchanger test rigs: the first rig is to evaluate the themomechanical stresses on the samples; the second rig to assess the performance compared to the AGATA specifications and to duplicate the transient and thermal shock conditions. In this program the heat exchanger is fixed.

Ceramic Component Development for Agata

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lundberg ◽  
Marc Ferrato
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ceramic Component ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The European EUREKA project, EU 209, also known as AGATA (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in a hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested as part of a full scale feasibility study. AGATA is a joint project conducted by eight commercial companies and four research institutes in France and Sweden. This paper outlines the main results of the AGATA project with special emphasis to the development of ceramic components.

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