The Determination of the Probabilistic Properties of Velocities and Accelerations in Kinematic Chains With Uncertainty

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lee ◽  
B. J. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Effective Length ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Probabilistic Design ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Analysis Package ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linkage Model

Abstract A probabilistic model and methods to determine the means and variances of the velocity and acceleration of stochastically-defined planar pin jointed kinematic chains are presented. The presented model considers the effect of tolerances on link length and radial clearance and uncertainty of pin location as a net effect on the link’s effective length. The determination of the mean values and variances of the output variables requires the calculation of sensitivities of secondary variables with respect to the random variables. It is shown that this computation is straightforward and can be accomplished by a conventional kinematic analysis package. Thus, the concepts of tolerance and clearance have been captured by the model and analysis. The only input data is the nominal linkage model and statistical information. The “effective link length” model is shown to be applicable to both analytical solution and Monte Carlo simulation. The results from both methods are compared. This paper solves the higher-order kinematics problem for the probabilistic design analysis of stochastically defined mechanisms.

The Determination of the Probabilistic Properties of Velocities and Accelerations in Kinematic Chains With Uncertainty

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lee ◽  
B. J. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Effective Length ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Probabilistic Design ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Analysis Package ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linkage Model

A probabilistic model and methods to determine the means and variances of the velocity and acceleration within stochastically-defined planar pin jointed kinematic chains are presented. The presented model considers the effect of tolerances on link length and radial clearance and uncertainty of pin location as a net effect on the link’s effective length. The determination of the mean values and variances of the output variables requires the calculation of sensitivities of secondary variables with respect to the random variables. It is shown that this computation is straightforward and can be accomplished by a conventional kinematic analysis package. Thus, the concepts of tolerance and clearance have been captured by the model and analysis. The only input data is the nominal linkage model and statistical information. The “effective link length” model is shown to be applicable to both analytical solution and Monte Carlo simulation. The results from both methods are compared. This paper solves the higher-order kinematics problem for the probabilistic design analysis of stochastically defined mechanisms.

SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN HUMAN PLASMA

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Grøndahl-HANSEN ◽  
N Agerlin ◽  
L S Nielsen ◽  
K Danø
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
The Mean

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the measurement of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in plasma and serum. Microtiter plates were coated with a monoclonal antibody and incubated with standard or sample. Bound u-PA was quantitated with polyclonal antibodies conjugated with biotin, followed by avidin-peroxidase. The assay was 10-fold as sensitive as other previously reported ELISAs, the detection limit being approximately 1 pg of u-PA in a volume of 100 μl with a linear dose-response up to 15 pg of u-PA. The assay detected active u-PA and its inactive proenzyme form equally well and the recovery of both forms was higher than 90% in plasma. A variety of structurally related proteins, including t-PA, were tested, but no reaction with proteins other than u-PA and its amino-terminal degradation product were observed. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for determination of u-PA in plasma were 7.6% and 8.4%, respectively. The assay was equally applicable to serum. The values obtained with plasma and serum were similar, and the results were not affected by small variations in the preparation of the samples. The ELISA was used to measure the concentration of u-PA in plasma from 34 healthy donors. The mean values for u-PA in plasma from healthy donors was 1.1 ng/ml ± 0.3 ng/ml (SD) (range 0.6 - 1.5 ng/ml). No significant differences were found between men and women and no correlation between u-PA concentration and age could be demonstrated.The mean u-PA concentration in plasma from healthy donors obtained in this study is substantially lower than that reported by others. This might be due to different methods of determination of the protein content of the standard preparations or to differences in the specificity of the assays.

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

Colorimetric Method for Rapid Determination of Serum Arginase

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 900-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Mellerup
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Enzymatic Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract A method for the determination of serum arginase is given which combines the enzymatic formation of urea with the sensitive method of Coulombe (1) for measuring this substance. This procedure allows more accurate determinations in the normal range than do previous methods described and is convenient for clinical routine. Significant difference is found between the mean values of normal men and women, 3.9 units/L. for the former and 2.9 units/L. for the latter.

scholarly journals Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen values with the radioimmunoassay method in healthy females dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ledecky ◽  
A. Valencakova-Agyagosova ◽  
J. Lepej ◽  
Z. Frischova ◽  
S. Hornak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Cancer Markers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method ◽  
Healthy Females

The aim of this study was to determine reference values of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in 32 clinically healthy bitches. The average age of the bitches in each group was as follows: small breeds 3.50 &plusmn; 2.30, medium breeds 3.83 &plusmn; 3.21, large breeds 6.00 &plusmn; 3.22 and giant breeds 2.40 &plusmn; 2.43. The average weight in each group was as follows: 1<sup>st</sup> group 7.94 kg &plusmn; 1.84, 2<sup>nd</sup> group 22.38 kg &plusmn; 2.77, 3<sup>rd</sup> group 35.94 kg &plusmn; 7.16, and 4<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;group 52.75 kg &plusmn; 5.04. The cancer markers were determined using human kits. The mean values of the carcinoembryotic antigen markers &plusmn; SD were as follows: 1<sup>st</sup> group 0.18 &plusmn; 0.03, 2<sup>nd</sup> group 0.20 &plusmn; 0.03, 3<sup>rd</sup> group 0.22 &plusmn; 0.01, 4<sup>th</sup> group 0.18 &plusmn; 0.04. The statistical significance for the carcinoembryonic antigen markers was P = 0.0042**. The values of cancer antigen markers &plusmn; SD were: 4.90 &plusmn; 1.04, 4.80 &plusmn; 1.13, 5.90 &plusmn; 1.22, and 4.72 &plusmn; 0.97, respectively. The cancer antigen values were statistically insignificant (P = 0.1762). Based on obtained values of the mean 95%, we expect a standard for carcinoembryonic antigen of 0.00&ndash;0.23 ng/ml and for cancer antigen 0.0&ndash;7.00 IU/ml. The results of the present study show that it is possible to use human kits for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in clinically healthy bitches using the radioimmunoassay method. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Zero order and area under curve spectrophotometric methods for determination of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Audumbar Digambar Mali ◽  
Ritesh Bathe ◽  
Manojkumar Patil ◽  
Ashpak Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
The Mean

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the zero order derivative values measured at 230 nm and the area under the curve method values measured at 227-234 nm (n=2). Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.998 and r=0.999) for zero order and area under the curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. Developed spectrophotometric methods in this study are simple, accurate, precise and sensitive to assay of Levocetirizine in tablets.

scholarly journals On phenomena relating to the spectra of hydrogen and helium

1916 ◽  
Vol 93 (646) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

In a previous paper the structure of broadened spectrum lines was investigated by a method involving the use of a neutral-tinted wedge as an accessory to the spectroscope. The present communication deals with a method for the accurate determination of the photographic intensities of spectrum lines and the reduction of such intensities to absolute values by comparison with the continuous black-body radiation of the carbon arc. These methods have been applied to a study of the relative intensity distribution in the spectra of helium and hydrogen under different conditions of excitation. It has been found that under certain specified conditions there is a transfer of energy from the longer to the shorter wave-lengths in any given series, and that, under such conditions, the associated series, and in particular the Diffuse series, are relatively enhanced at the expense of the Principal series. It has also been found that the distribution of intensity found in certain celestial spectra can be approximately reproduced in the laboratory. In any attempt to interpret the phenomena observed in connection with the Balmer series of hydrogen, it is necessary to know the particular type to which this series belongs. In order to decide this point a study has been made of the separations of the components of lines of the Balmer series of hydrogen, and the mean values of the separations of the doublets constituting the lines H a and H β have been found to be respectively 0.132 Å.U. and 0.033 Å.U. These values are consistent with the separations appropriate to a Principal series, and the first is in precise agreement with the value deduced by Buisson and Fabry. These results have been obtained by crossing a Lummer Gehrcke plate with the neutral wedge, and submitting the contours obtained to mathematical analysis, by means of which the distribution of intensity in the individual components, and the separation of the components, can be determined.

EVALUATION OF FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MAGNESIUM IN PLANT MATERIAL

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-524
Author(s):  
A. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Photometric Determination ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Edta Titration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flame Method ◽  
Oxyhydrogen Flame

Flame methods for the determination of magnesium in plant material were compared with EDTA titration and a thiazole yellow procedure. Mean values for quadruplicate determinations on 24 samples were 0.544, 0.543, 0.532, and 0.514% for EDTA, flame photometry with an oxyhydrogen flame, thiazole yellow, and flame photometry with an oxyacetylene flame respectively.The degree of precision, as indicated by the standard error of the mean, was highest for the oxyhydrogen flame method and lowest when the oxyacetylene flame was used.Silica repressed magnesium emission with either flame source but degree of interference was greater with the oxyhydrogen flame.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Down syndrome subjects in a Saudi sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Korayem ◽  
Eman A. AlKofide
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the cephalometric characteristics of Down syndrome (DS) subjects with those of normal subjects. Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiographs of 60 Saudi DS subjects and 60 controls with specific inclusion criteria were used. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative and categorical variables, and the Student's t-test for two independent samples was used to compare the mean values of quantitative variables. Results: SBa and SN were higher in controls than in DS subjects, whereas the NSBa was significantly higher in DS subjects than in controls. SNA, Co-A, ANB, and A-Na perp of controls were higher than the DS subjects. However, SN-MP, PP-MP, ANS-Me/N-Me, Y-axis, and Ar-Go-Me of the DS subjects were higher than those of the controls. In addition, U1-NA, U1-NA mm, L1-NB, and L1-NB mm of the DS subjects were also higher than the controls with a more acute U1-L1 angle in DS. NLA was larger in controls than in DS, whereas LL-E and UL-E of the DS subjects were higher than the controls. Conclusions: Differences between DS subjects and controls can be found when examining cephalometric radiographs. Anterior and posterior cranial base lengths are shorter with a backward inclination of the posterior cranial base in DS subjects. DS subjects present with a retrognathic maxilla and shorter effective length, with an increased LFH and a hyperdivergent mandible. Bimaxillary dental protrusion can also be expected in DS subjects with prominent lips and a reduced nasolabial angle.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAIN GLIOMAS, BY MEANS OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Dawid Surowka ◽  
Dariusz Adamek ◽  
Edyta Radwanska ◽  
Marek Lankosz ◽  
Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Brain Gliomas

The aims of this paper were to present a reliable morphometric procedure for glioma analysis for preliminary prognosis and to develop a semi-automatic procedure that is easy to use. The data presented are important to the extent that they verify the reliability of the results by showing that they are consistent with the findings from more complicated automatic analytical tools. The objects for analysis were digital images of haematoxylin-eosin stained glioma samples. The overall analysis consisted of digital image analysis and the determination of morphometric parameters. Interestingly, an increase in the mean values of aspect ratio with increasing malignancy grade was found. Moreover, the morphometric parameters in relation to the histological origin of gliomas were examined and it was found that, the cellular nuclei of glioblastoma multiforme reveal the biggest mean values of aspect ratio compared with other gliomas.

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