Experimental/Numerical Analysis of the Timing Belt Drive Behavior of a V6 Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Manin ◽  
Didier Remond ◽  
Jean-Philippe Gaborel
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
The Time Domain

The timing belts used for automotive engine are asked to last more and more, and to be less noisy. In this way, it is necessary to simulate the behavior of the engine timing belt drives for optimization, but also to understand it from experimental analysis. The first objective of the work was to analyze experimentally the behavior of a V6 engine timing belt drive in terms of: pulley speeds, belt span tensions, transmission error. The second objective was to compare the measurements with simulations. The engine has four overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The timing belt drive is composed of six pulleys, three idlers and an automatic tensioner. The crankshaft and the two first camshaft speeds are measured with optical encoders. Spans tensions are measured by means of strain gauges glued on the idler mounting axes. All the data are simultaneously recorded. Tests have been run from 800 rpm to 6000 rpm. Measured data are first analyzed in the time domain. Some phenomena like, nil span tensions, speeds acyclism and transmission error amplitude, are observed. Then, analyses of the harmonic content of the span tensions, pulley speeds and transmission errors between the crankshaft and the camshafts, are performed versus engine rotation speed. Finally, the tests have been simulated and comparisons are made between numerical and experimental results.

Investigation on the Rotational Dynamics of a Timing Belt Drive Including an Oval Driving Pulley

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Passos ◽  
Lionel Manin ◽  
Didier Remond ◽  
Olivier Sauvage ◽  
Laurent Rota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Load Torque ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Kinematic Effect ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Timing Belt

Abstract Recent developments in timing belt drive for the automotive engine have seen the use of non-circular pulleys. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on this type of transmission including an oval pulley. A specific test rig has been designed to enable the identification of the proper effect of an oval pulley on the transmission dynamics. The belt tensions, the speeds, and torques of the driving and driven pulleys were measured and analyzed for three different transmission configurations: (1) circular driving pulley and oval driving pulley without (2) and/or with (3) load torque applied. Analyses were carried out in the time and frequency domains by considering the driving pulley rotation angle as a reference. In parallel a numerical model has been developed, it accounts for the specific motions of the belt seating/unseating points on the oval pulley and its neighboring pulleys. The model considers the variation of lengths for the belt spans adjacent to the oval pulley. This induces variable longitudinal stiffness and influences the transmission dynamics that is predicted versus time and compared with experiments. The phasing angle of the oval driving pulley was adjustable in order to study its influence. With no resistant torque applied, it was found that, for low-speeds, the oval pulley has a pure kinematic effect on the transmission dynamics. When a load torque is applied, the effectiveness of the oval pulley regarding the belt tensions and transmission error fluctuations is verified experimentally for some specific intervals of the phasing angle.

Transmission Error in Helical Timing Belt Drives (Case of a Period of Pulley Pitch)

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Face Advance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Synchronous Rotation ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Belt Width ◽  
Static Conditions

Helical timing belts have been developed in order to reduce the noise that occurs when conventional timing belts are driven. Helical timing belts are characterized by synchronous rotation. Although several studies have been performed to clarify the noise characteristics and belt life of helical timing belts, the transmission error of these belts remains unclear. In the present study, the transmission error having a period of one pitch of the pulley was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for helical timing belt drives. Experimental conditions were such that the transmission force acts on the helical timing belts under quasi-static conditions and the belt incurs belt climbing at the beginning of meshing and at the end of meshing. Experimental results obtained for the transmission error agreed closely with the computed results. The computed results revealed that helical timing belts can be analyzed as a set of very narrow belts for which the helix angle is zero. The transmission error was found to decrease when the helix angle or the belt width increase within a range defined such that the face advance is less than one belt pitch. In addition, there exists an appropriate installation tension that reduces the transmission error.

Transmission Error Due to Resonance in Synchronous Belt Drive With Eccentric Pulley

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Vibration ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
The Other ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Integer Multiple ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Eccentric Shaft ◽  
Synchronous Belt Drive ◽  
Frequency Variations

In synchronous belt drives, it is generally difficult to eliminate pulley eccentricity, because the pulley teeth and shaft hole are produced separately and the pulley is installed on an eccentric shaft. This eccentricity affects the accuracy of rotation transmission, so that the belt tension changes during a single rotation of the pulley. This in turn affects the occurrence of resonance in the spans. In the present study, the transmission error in a synchronous belt drive with an eccentric pulley in the absence of a transmitted load was experimentally investigated for the case in which the spans undergo first-mode transverse vibration due to resonance. The transmission error was found to have a component with a period equal to the span displacement, in addition to a component with a period of half the span displacement. During a single rotation of the pulley, the magnitude of the transmission error increased, and its frequency decreased, with decreasing belt tension. The transmission error exhibited the large value when two frequency conditions were satisfied: one was that the meshing frequency was within the range of span frequency variations due to the eccentricity, and the other was that the minimum span frequency was close to an integer multiple of the pulley rotation frequency. Even if both of these conditions occurred, if the range of span frequency variations due to the eccentricity was larger than 13 Hz, the transmission error could be eliminated by adjusting the belt tension, so that the average span frequency corresponded to the meshing frequency.

Transmission Error in Helical Synchronous Belt Drives in Bidirectional Operation: Influence of Pulley Flange Under No Load

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Kenichi Makita ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Alignment Error ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Case Transmission ◽  
Synchronous Belt Drive ◽  
Outside Diameter

Helical synchronous belt drives are more effective than conventional synchronous belt drives with respect to reducing noise and transmission error per single pitch of the pulley. However, the helix angle of the tooth trace causes axial belt movement. Therefore, a flanged pulley is used in a helical synchronous belt drive. In the present study, the transmission error in a helical synchronous belt drive using a flanged pulley under installation tension was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for the case where the pulley was rotated in bidirectional operation. The computed transmission error agrees well with the experimental results, thereby confirming the applicability of the proposed theoretical analysis for transmission error. In this case, transmission error is found to be generated by the difference in axial belt movement between the driving and driven sides, and by a change in the state of contact between the belt and pulley teeth flanks. The transmission error is reduced when the installation tension is set higher than the tension that causes a change in contact direction between the tooth flanks. In addition, transmission error does not occur when the driving and driven pulleys are of equal outside diameter and have no pulley alignment error.

Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt With Resonance Under Installation Tension

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Concave Shape ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

Synchronous belt drives generate resonance on the belt spans between the driving and driven pulleys when the transverse natural frequency of the belt, matches the meshing frequency of the belt tooth and the pulley tooth. The resonance of the belt spans affects the accuracy of rotation transmission. In the present study, the mechanisms generating the transmission error in synchronous belt drives under installation tension and a pulley speed ratio of 1:1 are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case in which the belt spans generate first mode vibration due to resonance. In addition, the change in the shaft load caused by resonance is examined. The calculated and experimental transmission errors show good agreement, and so the validity of our analysis is confirmed. Transmission error is generated by the difference in displacement between the upper and lower belt spans due to the convex or concave shape, the difference in the amount of belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, and the generation of torque due to the moment of inertia on the driven side. The transmission error has a period of 1/2 of one pitch of the pulley, and the generated change in the shaft load, which is the sum of the displacement due to the convex or concave shape of the upper and lower spans and the sum of the belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, has a period of one pitch of the pulley.

Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt With Resonance Under Installation Tension

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
String Vibration ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Agreement

Synchronous belt drives are widely employed to transmit rotation accurately. The belt spans between the driving and driven pulleys generate resonance when the transverse natural frequency of the belt, as in string vibration, matches the meshing frequency of the belt tooth and the pulley tooth. The resonance of the belt spans affects the behavior of the transmission error. In the present study, the mechanisms generating the transmission error in synchronous belt drives under installation tension and a pulley speed ratio of 1:1 are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case in which the belt spans generate first mode vibration due to resonance. The calculated and experimental transmission errors show good agreement, and so the validity of our analysis is confirmed. The transmission error has a period of 1/2 of one pitch of the pulley, and is generated by the difference in displacement between the upper and lower belt spans, the difference in the amount of belt climbing at the beginning and end of meshing, and the generation of torque due to the moment of inertia on the driven side.

Influence of Installation Tension on Transmission Error Due to Resonance in a Synchronous Belt

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
Synchronous Belt Drive ◽  
Good Agreement

In synchronous belt drives, a transmission error is generated due to resonance of the belt spanning the driving and driven pulleys when the transverse natural frequency of the belt approaches the meshing frequency of the belt and the pulley teeth. The behavior of this transmission error has been assumed to be dependent on the installation tension. In the present study, the influence of the installation tension on the transmission error in a synchronous belt drive under no transmitted load was experimentally investigated for the case in which first mode vibration due to resonance was induced in both the upper and lower spans. In addition, an analysis of the transmission error based on the experimental results was carried out. A method for reducing the error was also investigated. The transmission error contains two components: one with a period equal to the pitch of the pulley, and the other with a period of half the pulley pitch. Good agreement was found between the calculation and experimental results, thus confirming the validity of the analysis method. For a fixed pulley speed, the transmission error was largest when the installation tension was applied at a position where the displacement of the upper span was equal to that of the lower span. It was found that the transmission error could be reduced by pushing an idler lightly against the center of the span of the belt that was undergoing the largest displacement.

Transmission Error in Helical Timing Belt Drives: Case of a Period of Pulley Pitch

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Face Advance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Synchronous Rotation ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Belt Width ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Helical timing belts have been developed in order to reduce the noise that occurs when conventional timing belts are driven. Helical timing belts are characterized by synchronous rotation. Although several studies have been performed to clarify the noise characteristics and belt life of helical timing belts, the transmission error of these belts remains unclear. In the present study, the transmission error having a period of one pitch of the pulley was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for helical timing belt drives. Experimental conditions were such that the transmission force acts on the helical timing belts under quasi-static conditions and the belt incurs belt climbing at the beginning of meshing and at the end of meshing. Experimental results obtained for the transmission error agreed closely with the computed results. The computed results revealed that helical timing belts can be analyzed as a set of very narrow belts for which the helix angle is zero. The transmission error was found to decrease when the helix angle or the belt width increases within a range defined such that the face advance is less than one belt pitch. In addition, there exists an appropriate installation tension that reduces the transmission error.

Transmission Error in Synchronous Belt Drives With Idler (Influence of Thickness Error of Belt Back Face Under No Load Conditions)

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Makita ◽  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Back Face ◽  
Thickness Error ◽  
Synchronous Belt Drive ◽  
Load Conditions

Synchronous belt drives are commonly used in conjunction with an idler on the back face of the belt. However, thickness errors between the belt pitch line and back face of the belt, if present, will result in a change in belt tension on the span, and are considered to affect transmission error. In the present study, the transmission error in a synchronous belt drive with an idler under no load was investigated both theoretically and experimentally using a belt of known thickness error. The computed transmission error agrees well with the experimental data thereby verifying the applicability of the analysis method. In addition, a transmission error was mainly generated by the change in length of the belt pitch line due to the thickness error of the belt. It is shown that the transmission error due to the belt thickness error can be removed by using an automatic tensioner.

Transmission Error in Helical Synchronous Belt Drives in Bidirectional Operation Under No Transmitted Load (Influence of Pulley Flanges)

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Kenichi Makita ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Axial Direction ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Alignment Error ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Case Transmission ◽  
Synchronous Belt Drive ◽  
Outside Diameter

Helical synchronous belt drives are more effective than conventional synchronous belt drives with respect to reducing noise and transmission error per single pitch of the pulley. However, the helix angle of the tooth trace causes axial belt movement. Therefore, flanged pulleys are used in a helical synchronous belt drive, in order to prevent the belt from running off the pulley. In the present study, the transmission error in a helical synchronous belt drive using flanged pulleys under no transmitted load was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for the case where the pulley was rotated in bidirectional operation. The computed transmission error agrees well with the experimental results, thereby confirming the applicability of the proposed theoretical analysis for transmission error. In this case, transmission error is found to be generated by the difference in axial belt movement between the driving and driven sides, and by a change in the state of contact between the belt and pulley teeth flanks. The transmission error is reduced when the installation tension is set higher than the tension that causes a change in contact direction between the tooth flanks. In addition, transmission error does not occur when the driving and driven pulleys are of equal outside diameter and have no alignment error between the driving and driven pulleys in the axial direction.

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