Homography-Based Low-Cost Gaze Estimation and its Application to the Usability Assessment of Digital Prototypes of Information Appliances
Recently 3D digital prototypes of information appliances have been proposed for efficient user acceptance tests of user-interface (UI) usability. The purpose of this research is to develop a gaze estimation system based on Homography and to fully integrate it with a 3D digital prototype of the information appliances in order to obtain information more useful for usability assessment. The estimation system consists only of four infrared LEDs and a USB camera and is low-cost. The gaze estimation enables the system not only to record a gaze point on the prototype but to identify the UI objects which the user is looking for in real time during the test session. A gaze-based index was newly introduced to identify the misleading UI objects and to quantify the irrelevance of the UI design. A case study suggested that the integration of the gaze estimation with the 3D digital prototype and the proposed index were useful for automatically identifying which irrelevant UI objects misled the users’ operations which could not yet be captured in previous simple event logging of the user inputs.