Flashover: A Study of Parameter Effects on the Time to Reach Flashover Conditions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Time Required ◽  
In Fire

Abstract Flashover is characterized by the rapid transition in fire behavior from localized burning of fuel to the involvement of all combustibles in the enclosure. The objective of the present contribution is to calculate the development of flashover in a typical single room fire, and show the effect of ten key parameters on the time required to reach flashover conditions. It is found that the major parameters affecting flashover are fire growth rate, ventilation opening area, and room area.

A Comparison of Flashover Theories

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Kim ◽  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Structural Fires ◽  
In Fire

Abstract In structural fires, flashover is characterized by the rapid transition in fire behavior from localized burning of fuel to the involvement of all combustibles in the enclosure. Major parameters affecting flashover are fire growth rate, ventilation opening area, and room area. A comparison of flashover theories is undertaken using the Thomas, Babrauskas and the FASTLite theories, concentrating on the similarities and differences between the theories in their assessment of the major parameters affecting flashover.

Pool Fires and Radiant Ignition Capability

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Pool Fires ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Radiation heat transfer is a primary reason for fire growth. Experimental data are needed to clarify the ignition potential and time required to ignite a particular “target” second item. The objective of the present contribution is to clarify how the size and material of a pool fire determine ignition distance capability, and exemplify realistic calculations related to real-world situations.

Flashover and instabilities in fire behavior

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Thomas ◽  
M.L. Bullen ◽  
J.G. Quintiere ◽  
B.J. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
In Fire

Changes in fire behavior caused by fire exclusion and fuel build-up vary with topography in California montane forests, USA

2022 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 114255
Author(s):  
Catherine Airey-Lauvaux ◽  
Andrew D. Pierce ◽  
Carl N. Skinner ◽  
Alan H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Fire Exclusion ◽  
In Fire

Numerical Analysis of Fire Behavior of a Large Space Pre-Stressed Steel Structure under Fire

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3729-3732
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Zhi Guo Xie ◽  
Xin Tang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Lattice Shell ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Influence Degree

The computational model of numerical analysis of a suspended pre-stressed steel reticulated shell subjected to fire load is established with using the software Marc. Based on the model presented here, numerical analysis of thermal response and structural response of the pre-stressed steel structure are computed. The different space height and different rise-span ratio are considered for analysis of response temperature, displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed lattice shell under fire for one fire source. It is also shown that displacement of the node right above the inner cable is the maximum among the four nodes presented here as the fire source is located at the position right below the second-ring cable of the structure. It is concluded that the influence degree of space height of the structure on the fire response of the structure is not great, but rise-span ratio has obvious and great effect on displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed steel structure with large span in fire.

scholarly journals The Fire Growth Rate in a Ventilated Tunnel Fire

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 347-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenhe Li ◽  
H. Ingason
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Tunnel Fire

The Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Respiration of Fish Embryos (Salmo Fario)

1932 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
A. H. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Time Required

1. The rate of respiration (as expressed in c.c. O2 per gram embryo per hour) of the embryos of Salmo fario remains constant at any given temperature until the embryo has reached its maximum growth-rate, after this point it declines. It is suggested that the rate of respiration may be proportional to the amount of available yolk. 2. When incubated at 7° C. the time required to complete development after hatching was 58 days and the total oxygen consumed by an average embryo during this period was 20·31 c.c. (N.T.P.). At 12° the time required for the completion of development was reduced to 27 days, but the oxygen consumption remained practically unchanged at 20·71 c.c. At 3° C. the time required for development was 108 days and the oxygen consumption was 26·96 c.c. per embryo. 3. At 7 and 12° C. the efficiency of development was found to be identical with the value given by Gray for 11·5° C., viz. 63 per cent.; at 3°C. the average efficiency over the period considered was only 54 per cent. 4. It is suggested that, between the limits of temperature to which a trout egg is normally exposed, the effect of temperature on respiration is neither greater nor less than its effect on the growth-rate; possibly both processes are dependent on the same controlling factor. Above and below this range of temperature, the relative intensity of the respiratory processes (to those of growth) is increased, and a smaller embryo is the final result of incubation.

scholarly journals The Survival of Pinus ponderosa Saplings Subjected to Increasing Levels of Fire Behavior and Impacts on Post-Fire Growth

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade D. Steady ◽  
Raquel Partelli Feltrin ◽  
Daniel M. Johnson ◽  
Aaron M. Sparks ◽  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Fire Growth ◽  
Growth Metrics

Improved predictions of tree species mortality and growth metrics following fires are important to assess fire impacts on forest succession, and ultimately forest growth and yield. Recent studies have shown that North American conifers exhibit a ‘toxicological dose-response’ relationship between fire behavior and the resultant mortality or recovery of the trees. Prior studies have not been conclusive due to potential pseudo-replication in the experimental design and time-limited observations. We explored whether dose-response relationships are observed in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) saplings exposed to surface fires of increasing fire behavior (as quantified by Fire Radiative Energy—FRE). We confirmed equivalent dose-response relationships to the prior studies that were focused on other conifer species. The post-fire growth in the saplings that survived the fires decreased with increasing FRE dosages, while the percentage mortality in the sapling dosage groups increased with the amount of FRE applied. Furthermore, as with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), a low FRE dosage could be applied that did not yield mortality in any of the replicates (r = 10). These results suggest that land management agencies could use planned burns to reduce fire hazard while still maintaining a crop of young saplings. Incorporation of these results into earth-system models and growth and yield models could help reduce uncertainties associated with the impacts of fire on timber growth, forest resilience, carbon dynamics, and ecosystem economics.

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