Principles of Computer Numerical Control Applied to Small Research Animal Surgical Procedures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rynes ◽  
Leila Ghanbari ◽  
Jay Jia Hu ◽  
Daniel Sousa Schulman ◽  
Gregory Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Cranial Implants ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The tools and techniques available for systems neuroscientists for neural recording and stimulation during behavior have become plentiful in the last decade. The tools for implementing these techniques in vivo, however, have not advanced respectively. The use of these techniques requires the removal of sections of skull tissue without damaging the underlying tissue, which is a very delicate procedure requiring significant training. Automating a part of the tissue removal processes would potentially enable more precise procedures to be performed, and it could democratize these procedres for widespread adoption by neuroscience lab groups. Here, we describe the ‘Craniobot’, a microsurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine to perform a variety of microsurgical procedures in mice. Surface profiling by the Craniobot has micrometer precision, and the surface profiling information can be used to perform milling operations with relatively quick, allowing high throughput. We have used the Craniobot to perform skull thinning, small to large craniotomies, as well as drilling pilot holes for anchoring cranial implants. The Craniobot is implemented using open source and customizable machining practices and can be built with of the shelf parts for under $1000.

scholarly journals Principles of Computer Numerical Controlled Machining Applied to Cranial Microsurgery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ghanbari ◽  
Mathew Rynes ◽  
Jay Jia Hu ◽  
Daniel Sousa Shulman ◽  
Gregory Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Cnc Programming ◽  
Contact Sensor ◽  
Force Contact ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
Cranial Implants ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, a plethora of tools have been developed for neuroscientists to interface with the brain. Implementing these tools requires precise removal of sections of the skull to access the brain. These delicate cranial microsurgical procedures need to be performed on sub-millimeter thick bone without damaging the underlying tissue and therefore, require significant training. Automating some of these procedures would not only enable more precise microsurgical operations, but also democratize use of advanced neurotechnologies. Here, we describe the ‘Craniobot’, a cranial microsurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine to perform a variety of cranial microsurgical procedures in mice. The Craniobot utilizes a low force contact sensor to profile the skull surface and uses this information to perform micrometer-scale precise milling operations within minutes. We have used the Craniobot to drill pilot holes to anchor cranial implants, perform skull thinning, and open small to large craniotomies. The Craniobot is built using off-the-shelf components for under $1000 and is controlled using open-source CNC programming software.

The Research of Linear Rotation-Axis Control Machining CNC Rotary Cam Surface Transformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Feng Qin Ding ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Zhi Yi Miao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Numerical Control System ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Linear Movement

General CNC milling machine for special transformation in the middle and low numerical control system of internal control software does not change under the premise of achieving the original system does not have the linear movement and rotary movement of the operating linkage function. The numerical control system of linear movement into rotary movement of the operation, and expansion of two straight line linkage CNC system functions, cleverly converted to a straight line movement control of a rotary movement of the linkage, thereby achieving the surface of the cylinder rotating cam track surface CNC machining. CNC Milling through the difficult parts of the application examples to explain the design principles of transformation CNC milling machine, design approach,As well as the design parameters in the programming of data conversion. And data conversion processing errors resulting from the measures and the elimination of error analysis.

Influence of relative humidity and air temperature on the stopping position of the automatic tool changer in a CNC machine when using a pneumatic cylinder

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140013
Author(s):  
Hung Pham Van ◽  
Duong Nguyen Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Automatic Tool Changer ◽  
Automatic Tool

The automatic tool changer (ATC) in computerized numerical control (CNC) milling machine often uses pneumatic dynamic sources. Friction in the pneumatic cylinder affects the ATC’s stopping position; this friction depends on many factors, including the air environment’s relative humidity and temperature. This paper presents the results of research on the effects of relative humidity (RH) and air temperature (T) on the stopping position of an ATC using a pneumatic cylinder. Studies were conducted at temperatures of [Formula: see text]C, [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C and relative humidity values of 51%, 75% and 99% for different speeds of the pneumatic cylinder (30, 50 and 100 mm/s). The results show that when the humidity increases from 51% to 99% and the temperature increases from [Formula: see text]C to [Formula: see text]C, the friction force decreases. The friction force is related to the relative humidity and temperature of the air. Thus, the deviation of the ATC’s stopping position depends on the relative humidity and temperature of the area under investigation.

Ergonomic Design of CNC Milling Machine for Safe Working Posture

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halim Isa ◽  
M.A. Rahman ◽  
Hasan Hazmilah ◽  
Haeryip Sihombing ◽  
Adi Saptari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Safe Working

In milling operation, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine has been recognized as one of effective solutions for high productivity, efficiency, and precision. However, the existing CNC milling machine has contributed to ergonomics-related problems such as awkward working posture. The aim of this study is to redesign the existing CNC milling machine by considering working posture of the machinist. This study performed questionnaire survey to determine ergonomics feature requirements from the machinist. The requirements of the machinist are then translated using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to obtain technical specifications of new design CNC milling machine. The working posture of machinist during operating the existing CNC milling machine and the redesigned CNC milling machine was assessed using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Based on the analysis, the redesigned CNC milling machine has improved the working posture as shown by low score of RULA. This study concluded that by considering the ergonomics feature requirements to the design of CNC milling machine enabled the machinists to perform milling operation in safe working posture. This study suggests that environmental factors should be considered in the future research works.

Research about Numerical Control Machining of STL Files Based on Fagor CNC System

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Qian Sheng Zhao ◽  
Qing Xi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Nc Code ◽  
Virtual Machining ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
System Designs

According to the situation that surface grid models are widely used, this article summarizes the research status of numerical control machining based on Triangle facets models, introduces the STL files in detail, expounds the process of machining STL files by using Pro/Toolmaker system, designs an independent post processor for generating NC code for Fagor machine, simulates the virtual machining process through Vericut software, verifies the actual machining process on Fagor three axis CNC milling machine. Proves the method of numerical control machining based on STL files is actually feasible for planar milling、cavity milling、profile milling, Realizes the machining of STL files based on Fagor CNC system.

Analysis on the NC Milling Machining Precision and the Error

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 1214-1217
Author(s):  
Bo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Machining Precision ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Nc Milling

the numerical control milling process design is on the basis of ordinary milling process design, combining with the characteristics of CNC milling machine, give full play to its advantages. CNC milling process design is the key to reasonable arrangement of process route, to coordinate the relationship between the CNC milling process and other process, determine the content and steps of NC milling process make the necessary preparations for programming. NC milling machining process analysis is related to the effectiveness and success or failure, is one of the important preparations before programming. This article will mainly for NC milling machining precision and machining error analysis and research.

scholarly journals STEP-NC Compliant Intelligent CNC Milling Machine with an Open Architecture Controller

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6223
Author(s):  
Mahanama Dharmawardhana ◽  
Asanga Ratnaweera ◽  
Gheorghe Oancea
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Cad Cam

A STEP-NC or ISO 14649 compliant machine controller is developed, using Open Architecture Control technology for a three-axis Computer Numerical Control milling machine in this research. The controller is developed on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, using C++ language. This new development is proposed as a low-cost alternative to ISO6983 standard, ensuring continuous integration in the CAD/CAM/CNC chain in machining; thus, it broadens the spectrum of problems handled by conventional CNC systems. The new machine controller is intelligent enough to extract geometrical and manufacturing parameters, cutting tool data, and material data from the STEP-NC file. Accordingly, tool paths for machining can be generated in the controller itself. The shop floor level modification of parameters and the possibility of regeneration of new toolpaths is an added advantage of this new controller. The modified or improved version of the STEP-NC file can be sent back to the CAD/CAM system to close the CAD/CAM/CNC chain. Machine condition monitoring can be achieved by connecting sensors through an available slave I/O board. In the present development, the current drawn by each servo motor is fed back to the controller for cutting condition monitoring. A laboratory scale three-axis CNC milling machine is developed to test the performance of the newly developed controller. The accuracy of positioning, perpendicularity of axes and linearity of this machine are experimentally verified through standard tests. The STEP-NC compliance of the controller is tested and verified, using a STEP-NC program derived based on a sample program given in ISO 14649 standard.

Research of the Three Coordinates Miniature CNC Milling Machine

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Zhong Wen Sima ◽  
Hai Yun Zhang ◽  
Yu Gang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Motion Controller ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Dynamic Display ◽  
Linkage Program ◽  
Windows Xp

An open three coordinates computer numerical control (CNC) system was developed, which was based on PC and PMAC motion controller. A three coordinate's miniature CNC milling machine was researched with a simple structure, low cost, small volume and suitability for teaching, and so on. Meanwhile the CNC system had the advantages of 3-axis linkage, program editing, manual operation, inching operation, simulation processing operation, automatic operation and dynamic display of the trace. The system is based on the Windows XP platform and it is convenient to manipulate with friendly interface.

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