Thermodynamic Analysis of CO2 Reduction in the SnO2/SnO Solar Thermochemical Cycle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Shafirovich ◽  
Allen Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

CO2 utilization for the production of valuable chemical products may help mitigate two global problems: increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and depleting petroleum resources. Solar thermochemical cycles for CO2 splitting provide relatively high efficiencies of solar energy conversion while operating at realistic temperatures. In the present paper, the cycles proposed previously are reviewed and a novel cycle, based on SnO2/SnO redox reactions, is proposed. The results of thermodynamic calculations for the CO2 reduction step in this cycle are reported.

Solar Syngas Production From H2O and CO2 via Two Step Thermochemical Cycles Based on FeO/Fe3O4 Redox Reactions: Kinetic Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Stamatiou ◽  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Arrhenius Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Syngas production via a two-step H2O/CO2-splitting thermochemical cycle based on FeO/Fe3O4 redox reactions is considered using highly concentrated solar process heat. The closed cycle consists of: 1) the solar-driven endothermic dissociation of Fe3O4 to FeO; 2) the non-solar exothermic simultaneous reduction of CO2 and H2O with FeO to CO and H2 and the initial metal oxide; the latter is recycled to the first step. The second step was experimentally investigated by thermogravimetry for reactions with FeO in the range 973–1273 K and CO2/H2O concentrations of 15–75%. The reaction mechanism was characterized by an initial fast interface-controlled regime followed by a slower diffusion-controlled regime. A rate law of Langmuir-Hinshelwood type was formulated to describe the competitiveness of the reaction based on atomic oxygen exchange on active sites, and the corresponding Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined by applying a shrinking core model.

scholarly journals Application of Porous Materials for CO2 Reutilization: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Amir Masoud Parvanian ◽  
Nasrin Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Rafiee ◽  
Cameron J. Shearer ◽  
Mehdi Jafarian
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Accessible Surface Area ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Accessible Surface ◽  
Kinetics Of

CO2 reutilization processes contribute to the mitigation of CO2 as a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) through reusing and converting it into economically valuable chemical products including methanol, dimethyl ether, and methane. Solar thermochemical conversion and photochemical and electrochemical CO2 reduction processes are emerging technologies in which solar energy is utilized to provide the energy required for the endothermic dissociation of CO2. Owing to the surface-dependent nature of these technologies, their performance is significantly reliant on the solid reactant/catalyst accessible surface area. Solid porous structures either entirely made from the catalyst or used as a support for coating the catalyst/solid reactants can increase the number of active reaction sites and, thus, the kinetics of CO2 reutilization reactions. This paper reviews the principles and application of porous materials for CO2 reutilization pathways in solar thermochemical, photochemical, and electrochemical reduction technologies. Then, the state of the development of each technology is critically reviewed and evaluated with the focus on the use of porous materials. Finally, the research needs and challenges are presented to further advance the implementation of porous materials in the CO2 reutilization processes and the commercialization of the aforementioned technologies.

scholarly journals Review of the Two-Step H2O/CO2-Splitting Solar Thermochemical Cycle Based on Zn/ZnO Redox Reactions

Materials ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 4922-4938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser ◽  
Anton Meier ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Graphdiyne Anchored Ultrafine Ag Nanoparticles for High Efficient and Solvent-Free Catalysis of CO2 Cycloaddition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Tongbu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
High Efficient

Apart from photo-/electro-catalytic CO2 reduction, an important alternative route to CO2 utilization is to use this inert molecule as a C1 source to synthesize value-added chemicals, while the practical application...

Air separation via two-step solar thermochemical cycles based on SrFeO3−δ and (Ba,La)0.15Sr0.85FeO3−δ perovskite reduction/oxidation reactions to produce N2: rate limiting mechanism(s) determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (35) ◽  
pp. 19280-19288
Author(s):  
Nhu Pailes Nguyen ◽  
Tyler P. Farr ◽  
H. Evan Bush ◽  
Andrea Ambrosini ◽  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser
Keyword(s):  
Air Separation ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Reversible Reactions ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Rate Limiting

Two-step solar thermochemical cycles based on reversible reactions of SrFeO3−δ and (Ba,La)0.15Sr0.85FeO3−δ perovskites were considered for air separation.

Hydrogen production via a novel two-step solar thermochemical cycle based on non-volatile GeO2

Solar Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingkai Fu ◽  
Tianzeng Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shaomeng Dai ◽  
Zheshao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Immobilization of catalytic sites on quantum dots by ligand bridging for photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2507-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipeng Bao ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Cui ◽  
Ran Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Global Problems

Harvesting solar energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into fossil fuels shows great promise to solve the current global problems of energy crisis and climate change.

CO2 Splitting in a Hot-Wall Aerosol Reactor via the Two-Step Zn/ZnO Solar Thermochemical Cycle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser ◽  
M. Elena Ga´lvez ◽  
Illias Hischier ◽  
Anastasia Stamatiou ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Using concentrated solar energy as the source of high-temperature process heat, a two-step CO2 splitting thermochemical cycle based on Zn/ZnO redox reactions is applied to produce renewable carbon-neutral fuels. The solar thermochemical cycle consists of: 1) the solar endothermic dissociation of ZnO to Zn and O2; 2) the non-solar exothermic reduction of CO2 with Zn to CO and ZnO; the latter is the recycled to the 1st solar step. The net reaction is CO2 = CO + 1/2 O2, with products formed in different steps, thereby eliminating the need for their separation. A Second-Law thermodynamic analysis indicates a maximum solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 39% for a solar concentration ratio of 5000 suns. The technical feasibility of the first step of the cycle has been demonstrated in a high-flux solar furnace with a 10 kW solar reactor prototype. The second step of the cycle is experimentally investigated in a hot-wall quartz aerosol flow reactor, designed for in-situ quenching of Zn(g), formation of Zn nanoparticles, and oxidation with CO2. The effect of varying the molar flow ratios of the reactants was investigated. Chemical conversions were determined by gas chromatography and X-ray diffraction. Chemical conversions of Zn to ZnO of up to 88% were obtained for a residence time of ∼ 3.05 s. For all of the experiments, the reactions primarily occurred outside the aerosol jet flow on the surfaces of the reaction zone.

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