Surface Active Phospholipids as Cartilage Lubricants

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Schroeder ◽  
Gabi Verberne ◽  
Yulia Merkher ◽  
Dvorah Diminsky ◽  
Alice Maroudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Dynamic Friction ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Multilamellar Vesicles ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Dimyristoyl Phosphatidylcholine ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Adhesive Forces

Efficient lubrication and extremely low friction are essential for proper functioning of synovial joints. Various joint dysfunctions were described in direct association with increased friction or adhesive forces. Surface-active phospholipids (SAPLs) are well known to reduce friction in synovial joints. This study demonstrates, using a novel human-sourced cartilage-on-cartilage setup, the potential of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) composed of the SAPL dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) to act as effective lubricants, reducing static and dynamic friction-coefficients to levels of healthy synovial joints. Furthermore, MLV composed of DMPC, in sizes ranging from 0.8 to ∼3.5 μm, were found to be more effective lubricants than histidine buffer, saline, or synovial fluid. The ability to test new cartilage lubricants, simulating, to a great extent, natural conditions, using the setup presented herein is discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Cartilage Boundary Lubrication

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Lin ◽  
Zhang Liu ◽  
Nir Kampf ◽  
Jacob Klein
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Boundary Lubricant ◽  
Lipid Layers

Hydration lubrication has emerged as a new paradigm for lubrication in aqueous and biological media, accounting especially for the extremely low friction (friction coefficients down to 0.001) of articular cartilage lubrication in joints. Among the ensemble of molecules acting in the joint, phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids have been proposed as the key molecules forming, in a complex with other molecules including hyaluronic acid (HA), a robust layer on the outer surface of the cartilage. HA, ubiquitous in synovial joints, is not in itself a good boundary lubricant, but binds the PC lipids at the cartilage surface; these, in turn, massively reduce the friction via hydration lubrication at their exposed, highly hydrated phosphocholine headgroups. An important unresolved issue in this scenario is why the free HA molecules in the synovial fluid do not suppress the lubricity by adsorbing simultaneously to the opposing lipid layers, i.e., forming an adhesive, dissipative bridge between them, as they slide past each other during joint articulation. To address this question, we directly examined the friction between two hydrogenated soy PC (HSPC) lipid layers (in the form of liposomes) immersed in HA solution or two palmitoyl–oleoyl PC (POPC) lipid layers across HA–POPC solution using a surface force balance (SFB). The results show, clearly and surprisingly, that HA addition does not affect the outstanding lubrication provided by the PC lipid layers. A possible mechanism indicated by our data that may account for this is that multiple lipid layers form on each cartilage surface, so that the slip plane may move from the midplane between the opposing surfaces, which is bridged by the HA, to an HA-free interface within a multilayer, where hydration lubrication is freely active. Another possibility suggested by our model experiments is that lipids in synovial fluid may complex with HA, thereby inhibiting the HA molecules from adhering to the lipids on the cartilage surfaces.

Effect of Artificial Cartilage Made up of Smart Material of Nanostructure on Dispersion in Poorly Conducting Macromolecular Components in Synovial Joints

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rudraiah ◽  
C.O. Ng ◽  
C. Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Artificial Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Joints

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) dispersion of macromolecular components in a biological bearing consisting of a poorly conducting synovial fluid both in the cavity of the bones and in the bounding porous cartilage of finite thickness is investigated using Taylor’s [4] dispersion model . It is shown that artificial joints involving smart materials of nanostructure discussed here work more efficiently than the natural joints.

scholarly journals Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Mahmoud Tamer
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Viscous Solution

ABSTRACT Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement. The presence of high molar mass hyaluronan (HA) in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as lubricant solution. Inflammation oxidation stress enhances normal degradation of hyaluronan causing several diseases related to joints. This review describes hyaluronan properties and distribution, applications and its function in synovial joints, with short review for using thiol compounds as antioxidants preventing HA degradations under inflammation conditions.

6.7 Synovial Joints: Mechanobiology and Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage and Synovial Fluid ☆

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
A.R. Raleigh ◽  
W.J. McCarty ◽  
A.C. Chen ◽  
C. Meinert ◽  
T.J. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Synovial Joints

Role of Synovial Fluid Constituents on Tribological Behavior of Synovial Joints - Application for Developing Novel Therapeutic Substitutes

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Mirela Maria Sava ◽  
Dana Mihaela Suflet ◽  
Yves Berthier ◽  
Ana Maria Trunfio-Sfarghiu
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Lubricating Properties

Joint diseases represent a major health problem because they evolve towards the wear of cartilage for which no treatment is really effective. The difficulties in identifying the causes of these diseases are related to the biochemical and structural complexity of synovial fluid that allow cartilage lubrication. Thereby, recent studies show that synovial fluid contains micro-vesicles filled with a glycoprotein gel (hyaluronic acid and protein) surrounded by stacks of lipid bilayers which gives it excellent lubricating properties [1]. On the other side, this stable structure in vivo, becomes unstable in the ex vivo conditions. In this context, the study aims to tests the lubricating properties of synovial fluid constituents in order to identify their role on the tribological behavior of synovial joints and to develop a biomimetic synovial fluid using self-assembly of polyelectrolytes in order to stabilize the ex vivo structure for the potential therapeutic synovial fluid substitutes.Our results show that the new synthetized polysaccharides influence the friction coefficient, the stability and the wear of lipids bilayers, providing lubricating properties superior to synovial fluid biological constituents. In addition, their capacity to be structured in micro-spheres and included in lipid micro-vesicles indicates them as good biomimetic lubricants. This will allow a longer stability of synovial fluid substitutes in ex-vivo conditions in order to achieve the best lubricating properties and to improve the joint diseases treatment.

scholarly journals Core-2 O-glycans are required for galectin-3 interaction with the osteoarthritis related protein lubricin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Flowers ◽  
Kristina A. Thomsson ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
Yolanda Mthembu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Proteoglycan 4 ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Surface Active

ABSTRACTSynovial fluid lubricin (proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated (60% of the mass) biological lubricant involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin has been reported to be cross-linked by synovial galectin-3 on the lubricating articular surface. Here, we confirm that binding to galectin-3 depended on core-2 O-linked glycans, where surface plasmon resonance of a recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core-2 structures lacked binding capacity to recombinant galectin-3. Both galectin-3 levels and interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients coinciding with an increase of truncated and less sialylated core 1 O-glycans. These data suggest a defect cross-linking of surface active molecules in OA and provides novel insights into OA molecular pathology.

Synovial Fluid Exchange - A Case of Flow Through Fibrous Mats

Physiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
JR Levick
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Mesh Work ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

Synovial joints contain a film of lubricating fluid that is maintained by exchange between plasma and joint cavity. Fluid exchange is governed partly by capillary endothelium, but, due to the low hydraulic resistance of the fenestrations, interstitial resistance is important too. Each component contains a mesh work of fibrous elements, which makes "porosity" a more realistic model than traditional pores.

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