Design Concept for Large Output Graz Cycle Gas Turbines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
E. Go¨ttlich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Large Power

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development work at Graz University of Technology since the nineties has led to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than for modern combined cycle plants. Upon the basis of the previous work the authors present the design concept for a large power plant of 400 MW net power output making use of the latest developments in gas turbine technology. The Graz Cycle configuration is changed insofar, as condensation and separation of combustion generated CO2 takes place at the 1 bar range in order to avoid the problems of condensation of water out of a mixture of steam and incondensable gases at very low pressure. A final economic analysis shows promising CO2 mitigation costs in range of 20–30 $/ton CO2 avoided. The authors believe that they present here a partial solution regarding thermal power production for the most urgent problem of saving our climate.

Design Concept for Large Output Graz Cycle Gas Turbines

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
E. Göttlich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Large Power

The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development work at the Graz University of Technology since the 1990s has led to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than for modern combined cycle plants. Upon the basis of the previous work, the authors present the design concept for a large power plant of 400 MW net power output making use of the latest developments in gas turbine technology. The Graz Cycle configuration is changed, insofar as condensation and separation of combustion generated CO2 takes place at the 1 bar range in order to avoid the problems of condensation of water out of a mixture of steam and incondensable gases at very low pressure. A final economic analysis shows promising CO2 mitigation costs in the range of $20–30/ton CO2 avoided. The authors believe that they present here a partial solution regarding thermal power production for the most urgent problem of saving our climate.

Thermodynamic and Economic Investigation of an Improved Graz Cycle Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sanz ◽  
H. Jericha ◽  
M. Moser ◽  
F. Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Steam Content ◽  
Zero Emission

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development at Graz University of Technology since the 90’s has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than 60%. In this work a further development, the S-Graz Cycle is presented, which works with a cycle fluid of high steam content. Thermodynamic investigations show efficiencies up to 70% and a net efficiency of 60% including the oxygen supply. For a 100 MW prototype plant the layout of the main turbo-machinery is performed to show the feasibility of all components. Finally, an economic analysis of a S-Graz Cycle power plant is performed showing very low CO2 mitigation costs in the range of 10 $/ton CO2 captured, making this zero emission power plant a promising technology in the case of a future CO2 tax.

Thermodynamic and Economic Investigation of an Improved Graz Cycle Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Sanz ◽  
Herbert Jericha ◽  
Mathias Moser ◽  
Franz Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Steam Content ◽  
Zero Emission

Introduction of closed-cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology since the 1990s has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen, which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than 60%. In this work a further development, the S-Graz Cycle, which works with a cycle fluid of high steam content, is presented. Thermodynamic investigations show efficiencies up to 70% and a net efficiency of 60%, including the oxygen supply. For a 100 MW prototype plant the layout of the main turbomachinery is performed to show the feasibility of all components. Finally, an economic analysis of a S-Graz Cycle power plant is performed showing very low CO2 mitigation costs in the range of $10/ton CO2 captured, making this zero emission power plant a promising technology in the case of a future CO2 tax.

Heat Recovery Steam Generator Design for a Graz Cycle Prototype Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giglmayr ◽  
J. Paul ◽  
W. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Generator Design

The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology has lead to the GRAZ CYCLE, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. The GRAZ CYCLE is still on a theoretical level, first tests with the turbo-machinery equipment were performed. In the GRAZ CYCLE fossil fuels are burned with pure oxygen which enables a cost-effective separation of the combustion generated CO2 by condensation. Cycle efficiencies as high as 63% can be reached. Taking the efforts for the oxygen supply into account the efficiency is reduced to 55% [1]. This work presents a further step towards a GRAZ CYCLE prototype plant, with special emphasis on the layout and design of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The hot exhaust gas of the turbine consists mainly of CO2 and H2O. This exhaust gas causes higher demands on the HRSG. A faster corrosion of the heat exchangers and the recirculation of the cycle fluid have to be considered. Based on the design of conventional HRSGs, the necessary adaptations are discussed and economically evaluated.

Gas Turbine Applications for Large Air Separation Units

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Smith ◽  
J. L. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Oxygen production rates of 10,000 to 20,000 tons per day from large, cryogenic air separation units are being studied by many alternative fuel project developers. These projects utilize oxygen to partially oxidize hydrocarbon materials, producing a clean synthesis gas that can be used as a fuel or for conversion into valuable chemical products. Specific market applications include natural gas or waste material conversion processes and multi-train integrated gasification combined cycle facilities. In an effort to reduce specific facility cost project developers increase facility output to obtain economies of scale, resulting in large oxygen requirements for the partial oxidation step. One of the challenges to provide cost effective oxygen is the economic supply of large quantities of compressed air for use in the cryogenic air separation process. To date, gas turbines have found limited application for use in air separation facilities due to their relatively high capital cost compared to traditional electric motor drives. The need for large, single train air separation units to support alternative fuel projects creates opportunities for the use of gas turbines. This paper explores the use of commercially available equipment, configured to integrate with air separation processes, to improve the economics of oxygen production. Long term developmental equipment configurations are presented to further improve the economics of these facilities.

Solar Upgrading of Fuels for Generation of Electricity

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Tamme ◽  
Reiner Buck ◽  
Michael Epstein ◽  
Uriyel Fisher ◽  
Chemi Sugarmen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Efficiency Conversion ◽  
Solar Field

This paper presents a novel process comprising solar upgrading of hydrocarbons by steam reforming in solar specific receiver-reactors and utilizing the upgraded, hydrogen-rich fuel in high efficiency conversion systems, such as gas turbines or fuel cells. In comparison to conventionally heated processes about 30% of fuel can be saved with respect to the same specific output. Such processes can be used in small scale as a stand-alone system for off-grid markets as well as in large scale to be operated in connection with conventional combined-cycle plants. The complete reforming process will be demonstrated in the SOLASYS project, supported by the European Commission in the JOULE/THERMIE framework. The project has been started in June 1998. The SOLASYS plant is designed for 300 kWel output, it consists of the solar field, the solar reformer and a gas turbine, adjusted to operate with the reformed gas. The SOLASYS plant will be operated at the experimental solar test facility of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Start-up of the pilot plant is scheduled in April 2001. The midterm goal is to replace fossil fuels by renewable or non-conventional feedstock in order to increase the share of renewable energy and to establish processes with only minor or no CO2 emission. Examples might be upgrading of bio-gas from municipal solid waste as well as upgrading of weak gas resources.

Optimization of an Advanced Combined Cycle and its Application to the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengo Aizawa ◽  
William Carberg
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Improved Performance

Combined cycle technology was successfully applied to the 2000 MW Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) Futtsu Station. The fourteen 165 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages were commissioned between 1985 and 1988. Since that time, experience has been accumulated on these 2000 deg F (1100 deg C) class gas turbine based Stages. With the advent of 2300 deg F (1300 deg C) class gas turbines and dry low NOx technologies, an advanced combined cycle with substantially improved performance became possible. TEPCO commissioned General Electric, Toshiba and Hitachi to perform a study to optimize the use of these technologies. The study was completed and the participants are now doing detailed design of a plant consisting of eight 350 MW single shaft combined cycle Stages. The plant will be designated the Yokohama Thermal Power Station No. 7 and No. 8 Groups. This paper discusses experience gained at the Futtsu Station, the results of the optimization study for an advanced combined cycle and the progress of the design for Yokohama Groups No. 7 and No. 8.

Intercooled Advanced Gas Turbines in Coal Gasification Plants, With Combined or “HAT” Power Cycle

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Giovanni Lozza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
The One ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Due to their high efficiency and flexibility, aeroderivative gas turbines were often considered as a development basis for intercooled engines, thus providing better efficiency and larger power output. Those machines, originally studied for natural gas, are here considered as the power section of gasification plants for coal and heavy fuels. This paper investigates the matching between intercooled gas turbine, in complex cycle configurations including combined and HAT cycles, and coal gasification processes based on entrained-bed gasifiers, with syngas cooling accomplished by steam production or by full water-quench. In this frame, a good level of integration can be found (i.e. re-use of intercooler heat, availability of cool, pressurized air for feeding air separation units, etc.) to enhance overall conversion efficiency and to reduce capital cast. Thermodynamic aspects of the proposed systems are investigated, to provide an efficiency assessment, in comparison with mare conventional IGCC plants based on heavy-duty gas turbines. The results outline that elevated conversion efficiencies can be achieved by moderate-size intercooled gas turbines in combined cycle, while the HAT configuration presents critical development problems. On the basis of a preliminary cost assessment, cost of electricity produced is lower than the one obtained by heavy-duty machines of comparable size.

Aerodynamic Implications of Reduced Vane Count

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Saha ◽  
Jens Fridh ◽  
Mats Annerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cooling Air

Given the shortage of fossil fuels and the growing greenhouse effect, one strive in modern gas turbines is to make maximum usage of the burnt fuel. By reducing the number of vanes or blades and thereby increasing the loading per vane (or blade) it is possible to spend less cooling air, which will have a positive impact on the combined cycle efficiency. It also reduces the number of components and usage of metal and thereby also the cost of the engine. These savings should be achieved without any efficiency deficit in aerodynamic efficiency. Based on the fact, aerodynamic investigations were performed to see the aerodynamic implications of reduced vane number in a transonic annular sector cascade. The number of new nozzle guide vane was reduced with 24% compared to a previous design with higher vane count. The investigated vanes were two typical high pressure gas turbine vanes. Results regarding the loading indicated an expected increase with the reduced vane case. The minimum static pressure at the suction side is lower and at an earlier location for the reduced vane case and therefore, an extension of the trailing edge deceleration zone is observed for the reduced vane case. Results regarding losses indicate that even though the losses produced per vane significantly increases for the reduced vane case, a comparison of mass averaged losses between the reduced vane case and previous vane case show similar spanwise loss distributions. Assessing results leads to a conclusion that the reduction of the number of vanes in the first stage seems to be a useful method to save cooling flow as well as material costs without any significant deficit in overall efficiency.

The Single-Shaft Combined Cycle Myth

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram G. Narula
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Reference Plants ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The U.S

Natural-gas-fired combined cycle plants have become the preferred technology for new power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and superior environmental characteristics. An outcome of the recent resurgence in the U.S. power market is that the average size of the new power plant has increased, leading to the use of two or three advanced gas turbines (GTs) per plant. In lieu of the traditional multishaft arrangement, some GT suppliers are advocating the use of multiple trains of their single-shaft reference plants. This paper covers salient differences between the two approaches and discusses at length the major variables and their impact on balance-of-plant cost that must be carefully examined for a cost-effective solution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document