Thermodynamic and Economic Investigation of an Improved Graz Cycle Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sanz ◽  
H. Jericha ◽  
M. Moser ◽  
F. Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Steam Content ◽  
Zero Emission

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development at Graz University of Technology since the 90’s has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than 60%. In this work a further development, the S-Graz Cycle is presented, which works with a cycle fluid of high steam content. Thermodynamic investigations show efficiencies up to 70% and a net efficiency of 60% including the oxygen supply. For a 100 MW prototype plant the layout of the main turbo-machinery is performed to show the feasibility of all components. Finally, an economic analysis of a S-Graz Cycle power plant is performed showing very low CO2 mitigation costs in the range of 10 $/ton CO2 captured, making this zero emission power plant a promising technology in the case of a future CO2 tax.

Thermodynamic and Economic Investigation of an Improved Graz Cycle Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Sanz ◽  
Herbert Jericha ◽  
Mathias Moser ◽  
Franz Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Steam Content ◽  
Zero Emission

Introduction of closed-cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology since the 1990s has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen, which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than 60%. In this work a further development, the S-Graz Cycle, which works with a cycle fluid of high steam content, is presented. Thermodynamic investigations show efficiencies up to 70% and a net efficiency of 60%, including the oxygen supply. For a 100 MW prototype plant the layout of the main turbomachinery is performed to show the feasibility of all components. Finally, an economic analysis of a S-Graz Cycle power plant is performed showing very low CO2 mitigation costs in the range of $10/ton CO2 captured, making this zero emission power plant a promising technology in the case of a future CO2 tax.

Design Concept for Large Output Graz Cycle Gas Turbines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
E. Go¨ttlich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Large Power

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development work at Graz University of Technology since the nineties has led to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than for modern combined cycle plants. Upon the basis of the previous work the authors present the design concept for a large power plant of 400 MW net power output making use of the latest developments in gas turbine technology. The Graz Cycle configuration is changed insofar, as condensation and separation of combustion generated CO2 takes place at the 1 bar range in order to avoid the problems of condensation of water out of a mixture of steam and incondensable gases at very low pressure. A final economic analysis shows promising CO2 mitigation costs in range of 20–30 $/ton CO2 avoided. The authors believe that they present here a partial solution regarding thermal power production for the most urgent problem of saving our climate.

Design Concept for Large Output Graz Cycle Gas Turbines

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
E. Göttlich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Large Power

The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development work at the Graz University of Technology since the 1990s has led to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than for modern combined cycle plants. Upon the basis of the previous work, the authors present the design concept for a large power plant of 400 MW net power output making use of the latest developments in gas turbine technology. The Graz Cycle configuration is changed, insofar as condensation and separation of combustion generated CO2 takes place at the 1 bar range in order to avoid the problems of condensation of water out of a mixture of steam and incondensable gases at very low pressure. A final economic analysis shows promising CO2 mitigation costs in the range of $20–30/ton CO2 avoided. The authors believe that they present here a partial solution regarding thermal power production for the most urgent problem of saving our climate.

Heat Recovery Steam Generator Design for a Graz Cycle Prototype Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giglmayr ◽  
J. Paul ◽  
W. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Generator Design

The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology has lead to the GRAZ CYCLE, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. The GRAZ CYCLE is still on a theoretical level, first tests with the turbo-machinery equipment were performed. In the GRAZ CYCLE fossil fuels are burned with pure oxygen which enables a cost-effective separation of the combustion generated CO2 by condensation. Cycle efficiencies as high as 63% can be reached. Taking the efforts for the oxygen supply into account the efficiency is reduced to 55% [1]. This work presents a further step towards a GRAZ CYCLE prototype plant, with special emphasis on the layout and design of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The hot exhaust gas of the turbine consists mainly of CO2 and H2O. This exhaust gas causes higher demands on the HRSG. A faster corrosion of the heat exchangers and the recirculation of the cycle fluid have to be considered. Based on the design of conventional HRSGs, the necessary adaptations are discussed and economically evaluated.

A Further Step Towards a Graz Cycle Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sanz ◽  
H. Jericha ◽  
F. Luckel ◽  
E. Go¨ttlich ◽  
F. Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Co2 Mitigation ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Mitigation Costs

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development work at Graz University of Technology since the nineties has led to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enables the cost-effective separation of the combustion CO2 by condensation. The efforts for the oxygen supply in an air separation plant are partly compensated by cycle efficiencies far higher than for modern combined cycle plants. At the ASME IGTI conference 2004 in Vienna a high steam content S-Graz Cycle power plant was presented showing efficiencies for syngas firing up to 70% and a net efficiency of 57% considering oxygen supply and CO2 compression. A first economic analysis gave CO2 mitigation costs of about 10 $/ton CO2 avoided. These favourable data induced the Norwegian oil and gas company Statoil ASA to order a techno-economic evaluation study of the Graz Cycle. In order to allow a benchmarking of the Graz Cycle and a comparison with other CO2 capture concepts, the assumptions of component efficiency and losses are modified to values agreed with Statoil. In this work the new assumptions made and the resulting power cycle for natural gas firing, which is the most likely fuel of a first demonstration plant, are presented. Further modifications of the cycle scheme are discussed and their potential is analyzed. Finally, an economic analysis of the Graz Cycle power plant is performed showing low CO2 mitigation costs in the range of 20 $/ton CO2 avoided, but also the strong dependence of the economics on the investment costs.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of a Vision 21 coal based zero emission power plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verma ◽  
A.D. Rao ◽  
G.S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Zero Emission

Power Plant System Configurations for the 21st Century

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Rao ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen ◽  
F. L. Robson ◽  
R. A. Geisbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Advanced Cycles

Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory, a multi-disciplinary team led by the Advanced Power and Energy Program of the University of California at Irvine is defining the system engineering issues associated with the integration of key components and subsystems into power plant systems that meet performance and emission goals of the Vision 21 program. The myriad of fuel processing, power generation, and emission control technologies are narrowed down to selected scenarios in order to identify those combinations that have the potential to achieve the Vision 21 program goals of high efficiency and minimized environmental impact while using fossil fuels. The technology levels considered are based on projected technical and manufacturing advances being made in industry and on advances identified in current and future government supported research. Examples of systems included in these advanced cycles are solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells, advanced gas turbines, ion transport membrane separation and hydrogen-oxygen combustion.

Design Optimisation of the Graz Cycle Prototype Plant

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
E. Go¨ttlich ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
F. Heitmeir
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Zero Emission

Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. The use of well established gas turbine technology enhanced by recent research results enables designers even today to present proposals for prototype plants. Research and development work of TTM Institute of Graz University of Technology since the 90’s has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency and with most positive features. In this work the design for a prototype plant based on current technology as well as cutting-edge turbomachinery is presented. The object of such a plant shall be the demonstration of operational capabilities and shall lead to the planning and design of much larger units of highest reliability and thermal efficiency.

Optimization of Thermodynamically Efficient Nominal 40 MW Zero Emission Pilot and Demonstration Power Plant in Norway

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-W. Hustad ◽  
Inge Trondstad ◽  
Roger E. Anderson ◽  
Keith L. Pronske ◽  
Fermin Viteri
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Zero Emission

In Aug 2004 the Zero Emission Norwegian Gas (ZENG) project team completed Phase-1: Concept and Feasibility Study for a 40 MW Pilot & Demonstration (P&D) Plant, that is proposed will be located at the Energy Park, Risavika, near Stavanger in South Norway during 2008. The power plant cycle is based upon implementation of the natural gas (NG) and oxygen fueled Gas Generator (GG) (1500°F/1500 psi) successfully demonstrated by Clean Energy Systems (CES) Inc. The GG operations was originally tested in Feb 2003 and is currently (Feb 2005) undergoing extensive commissioning at the CES 5MW Kimberlina Test Plant, near Bakersfield, California. The ZENG P&D Plant will be an important next step in an accelerating path towards demonstrating large-scale (+200 MW) commercial implementation of zero-emission power plants before the end of this decade. However, development work also entails having a detailed commercial understanding of the techno-economic potential for such power plant cycles: specifically in an environment where the future penalty for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions remains uncertain. Work done in dialogue with suppliers during ZENG Project Phase-1 has cost-estimated all major plant components to a level commensurate with engineering pre-screening. The study has also identified several features of the proposed power plant that has enabled improvements in thermodynamic efficiency from 37% up to present level of 44–46% without compromising the criteria of implementation using “near-term” available technology. The work has investigated: i. Integration between the cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and the power plant. ii. Use of gas turbine technology for the intermediate pressure (IP) steam turbine. iii. Optimal use of turbo-expanders and heat-exchangers to mitigate the power consumption incurred for oxygen production. iv. Improved condenser design for more efficient CO2 separation and removal. v. Sensitivity of process design criteria to “small” variations in modeling of the physical properties for CO2/steam working fluid near saturation. vi. Use of a second “conventional” pure steam Rankine bottoming cycle. In future analysis, not all these improvements need necessarily be seen to be cost-effective when taking into account total P&D program objectives; thermodynamic efficiency, power plant investment, operations and maintenance cost. However, they do represent important considerations towards “total” optimization when designing the P&D Plant. We observe that Project Phase-2: Pre-Engineering & Qualification should focus on optimization of plant size with respect to total capital investment (CAPEX); and identification of further opportunities for extended technology migration from gas turbine environment that could also permit raised turbine inlet temperatures (TIT).

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