Gas Turbine Dynamic Model and Control in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Application

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant S. Parulekar ◽  
Hal Gurgenci
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes ◽  
The Impact

This study used a dynamic model to analyze the influence of syngas firing on the dynamic performance of the gas turbine and assessed the influence of bleeding air from the gas turbine axial flow compressor on the overall performance of the gas turbine. The dynamic model simulated the inlet air flow control using inlet guide vanes, stage by stage model of a 17-stage axial compressor, a thermodynamic model of the combustors, a lumped turbine blade cooling model, a 4-stage turbine model and a torsional shaft model. This open loop dynamic model was then controlled using control blocks that modulated the inlet guide vanes and fuel supply to facilitate stable operation using natural gas and syngas. The model investigated the impact of switching from natural gas firing to syngas firing. Influence of variation in the diluent nitrogen quantity supplied to the combustor was also analyzed.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbine Technology Developments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Ramaglia ◽  
U. Ruedel ◽  
V. Stefanis ◽  
S. Florjancic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
The Impact

The operating conditions of the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants have significantly changed over the last few years and are directed towards an improved operational and fuel flexibility, increased GT power output and efficiency and improved component lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development, analysis and validation of modern gas turbine features, parts and components for the AE64.3, AE94.2, AE94.3A, the GT26 and GT36. The development of compressor blades with a low uncertainty using multidisciplinary optimization techniques is outlined while the lifetime of a welded rotor is quantified using a damage-tolerant lifetime assessment method based on experimental creep data. For the lateral dynamics of the shaft train a modal-based approach supported by elastic structures will be described. For the axial flow turbine, the aerodynamic and heat transfer related design and validation of film cooled vanes and blades will be introduced with a particular focus on the tip area, the platforms and the application of under-platform dampers. Furthermore, the impact of the combustor-turbine interface on the turbine vane aerodynamics and film cooling characteristics is shown. For the continued very successful operation of the Constant Pressure Sequential Combustion System (CPSC), the thermos-acoustic activities of can combustors as well as the rig-to-engine transferability are presented. Recent approaches to the development of SLM parts for turbine hardware, specifically the approach used to select process parameters and creation of preliminary material models will also be briefly summarized.

Unsteady Flow and Wake Transport in a Low-Speed Axial Fan With Inlet Guide Vanes

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Manuel Fernández Oro ◽  
Katia María Argüelles Díaz ◽  
Carlos Santolaria Morros ◽  
Eduardo Blanco Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes

The present study is focused on the analysis of the dynamic and periodic interaction between both fixed and rotating blade rows in a single stage, low-speed axial fan with inlet guide vanes. The main goal is placed on the characterization of the unsteady flow structures involved in an axial flow fan of high reaction degree, relating them to working point variations and axial gap modifications. For that purpose, an experimental open-loop facility has been developed to obtain a physical description of the flow across the turbomachine. Using hot-wire anemometry, measurements of axial and tangential velocities were carried out in two transversal sectors: one between the rows and the other downstream of the rotor, covering the whole span of the stage for a complete stator pitch. Ensemble- and time-averaging techniques were introduced to extract deterministic fluctuations from raw data, both of which are essential to understand flow mechanisms related to the blade passing frequency. An exhaustive analysis of the measured wakes has provided a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms in both wake-transport phenomena and stator-rotor interaction. In addition, unmixed stator wakes, observed at the rotor exit, have been treated in terms of dispersion and angular displacement to indicate the influence of the blades loading on the transport of the stator wake fluid. The final aim of the paper is to highlight a complete picture of the unsteady flow patterns inside industrial axial fans.

The Impact of Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Control Systems on Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Z. Shilling ◽  
Robert M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

Interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is developing from a need for fuel diversification as a hedge for natural gas price and availability. In IGCC, the gas turbine combustion system is critical to meeting this need. The combustion system also needs to achieve superior environmental performance. This paper discusses specific requirements for IGCC combustion systems that derive from characteristics of gasification fuels and integration with the gasification process. Tradeoffs between system physical design parameters and control strategies must be evaluated in terms of overall functionality of the IGGC process. The key metrics for evaluating “goodness” of design are reliability, availability, maintainability (RAM), robustness to process variability, response to upsets and trips, time to synchronization and startup and shutdown automation. For IGCC, high availability is achieved from the capability of the turbine to robustly co-fire low-calorific synthesis gas with supplementary fuels. Co-firing compensates for shortfalls in gasifier output and maintains continuity of power service during servicing of the gasification plant. Controls need to provide seamless transfers between varying levels of syngas and supplementary fuel, and over the widest range of fuel mixes and power levels. Low calorific fuels provide special challenges to control system design. Variability in syngas composition, temperature and pressure will impact the minimum and maximum nozzle pressure drops and controllability. The effect of fuel constituents on controllability is captured in the modified Wobbe index. Stability and margin against flameout is captured in the upper-to-lower flammability ratio. The paper discusses the restrictions on these parameters for IGCC combustion systems. Control hardware and manifolding necessary with low calorific fuel can potentially conflict with accessibility to the gas turbine. Safe transfers from natural gas to syngas and shutdowns require purge strategies that account for residual energy in ductwork. Finally, the design of the Exxon Singapore IGCC control system is described which provides an extended range of cofiring and load control.

Investigation of Electrohydraulic Control of A Gas Turbine Engine’s Inlet Guide Vanes

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mostafa Samy ◽  
Mohamed Metwally ◽  
Wael Elmayyah ◽  
Ibrahem Elsherif
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes

Fuel Flexibility Influences on Premixed Combustor Blowout, Flashback, Autoignition and Instability

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lieuwen ◽  
Vince McDonell ◽  
Eric Petersen ◽  
Domenic Santavicca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes

This paper addresses the impact of fuel composition on the operability of lean premixed gas turbine combustors. This is an issue of current importance due to variability in the composition of natural gas fuel supplies and interest in the use of syngas fuels. Of particular concern is the effect of fuel composition on combustor blowout, flashback, dynamic stability, and autoignition. This paper reviews available results and current understanding of the effects of fuel composition on the operability of lean premixed combustors. It summarizes the underlying processes that must be considered when evaluating how a given combustor’s operability will be affected as fuel composition is varied.

Natural Gas Decarbonization to Reduce CO2 Emission From Combined Cycles—Part II: Steam-Methane Reforming

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lozza ◽  
P. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Carbon Conversion

This paper discusses novel schemes of combined cycle, where natural gas is chemically treated to remove carbon, rather than being directly used as fuel. Carbon conversion to CO2 is achieved before gas turbine combustion. The first part of the paper discussed plant configurations based on natural gas partial oxidation to produce carbon monoxide, converted to carbon dioxide by shift reaction and therefore separated from the fuel gas. The second part will address methane reforming as a starting reaction to achieve the same goal. Plant configuration and performance differs from the previous case because reforming is endothermic and requires high temperature heat and low operating pressure to obtain an elevated carbon conversion. The performance estimation shows that the reformer configuration has a lower efficiency and power output than the systems addressed in Part I. To improve the results, a reheat gas turbine can be used, with different characteristics from commercial machines. The thermodynamic efficiency of the systems of the two papers is compared by an exergetic analysis. The economic performance of natural gas fired power plants including CO2 sequestration is therefore addressed, finding a superiority of the partial oxidation system with chemical absorption. The additional cost of the kWh, due to the ability of CO2 capturing, can be estimated at about 13–14 mill$/kWh.

Combined Cycle Powerplant Cost Sensitivity Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pugalenthi Nanadagopal ◽  
Animesh Pandey ◽  
Manjunath More ◽  
Pertik Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Combine Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Combine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Gas turbine-based combined cycle power plant market, the customer conducts an economic evaluation of competitive products to decide their buying option. There are different methods to calculate the economics of a power plant like Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), Net present value (NPV) and payback period. LCOE methodology is commonly used for lifecycle cost analyses for combine cycle power plant that covers cost details of the plant and plant performance over the complete lifetime of a power plant from construction to retiring. Typically, it includes a combine cycle power plant ownership costs (Total plant cost and operating & maintenance cost) and combine cycle power output and efficiency. This LCOE method is helpful to compare power generation system that use similar technologies. This paper encompasses the LCOE calculation method, assumptions & approach to analyze the impact of key parameters of the electrical generation cost. They key parameters includes combine cycle output, combine cycle efficiency, fuel cost, annual operating hours, capital charge factor, annual operating hours, power plant life, discount rate, nominal escalation rate, operating & maintenance cost. This paper analyses result will provide insights to the customer & Gas turbine-based OEM (Own Equipment Manufacturing) companies to focus on different area/parameters to reduce the unit cost of generating electricity.

Modeling of Natural Gas Composition Effect on Low NOx Burners Operation in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Romano ◽  
Roberto Meloni ◽  
Giovanni Riccio ◽  
Pier Carlo Nassini ◽  
Antonio Andreini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper addresses the impact of natural gas composition on both the operability and emissions of lean premixed gas turbine combustion system. This is an issue of growing interest due to the challenge for gas turbine manufacturers in developing fuel-flexible combustors capable of operating with variable fuel gases while producing very low emissions at the same time. Natural gas contains primarily methane (CH4) but also notable quantities of higher order hydrocarbons such as ethane (C2H6) can also be present. A deep understanding of natural gas combustion is important to obtain the highest combustion efficiency with minimal environmental impact. For this purpose, Large Eddy Simulations of an annular combustor sector equipped with a partially premixed burner are carried out for two different natural gas compositions with and without including the effect of flame strain rate and heat loss resulting in a more adequate description of flame shape, thermal field, and extinction phenomena. Promising results, in terms of NOx, compared against available experimental data, are obtained including these effects on the flame brush modeling, enhancing the fuel-dependency under nonadiabatic condition.

Blade Loadings for Hovercraft and other Radial Flow Fans

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Radial Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Blade Loading ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes ◽  
Flow Compressor ◽  
High Work ◽  
Outside Diameter

The layout of a hovercraft leads naturally to the choice of a radial outward flow fan, but the aerodynamic requirements are more stringent than those normally associated with industrial fans. In this paper a blade loading criterion used extensively in axial flow compressor practice has been adapted to the more general case of radial flow fans. Using this criterion maximum fluid deflections and maximum temperature rise coefficients have been calculated. It is shown that fluid deflections in radial fans should be substantially lower than those in axial flow machines. For high work output the ratio of rotor outside diameter to rotor inside diameter should be as close to unity as is mechanically possible. Inlet guide vanes would be of no benefit to the conventional industrial type centrifugal fan, but for such applications as hovercraft inlet guide vanes could be most beneficial. The paper outlines those areas in which further research is necessary fully to confirm the approach, and hence the quantitative values, given in this paper.

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