Humidified Micro Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture Applications: Preliminary Experimental Results With CO2 Injection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Giorgetti ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Francesco Contino ◽  
Laurent Bricteux ◽  
Ward De Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas

The large adoption of renewable energies is crucial to achieve a low-carbon economy, however, in the transition period, a flexible and clean production from fossil fuels is still necessary. With the current shift towards decentralized power production, micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) appear as a promising technology for small-scale generation. The target of a carbon-clean power production calls for the implementation of Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) technologies. Compared to coal fired power production, the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas of a mGT makes Carbon Capture (CC) much more expensive. However, the CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), therefore reducing the CC energy penalty. Additionally, cycle humidification can also help to increase the electrical efficiency of the turbine plant. Nevertheless, the higher CO2 content in the inlet air, in combination with the high humidity level, will affect the operation of the mGT. This paper presents a numerical study of this innovative cycle combined with preliminary experimental validation of CO2 injection. To the authors’ best knowledge, experimental analysis of EGR together with humidification applied to a mGT has never been carried out. Experimental results showed a stable turbo-machinery operation under a moderate CO2 injection. The results of this paper are a first step towards a more severe dilution conditions, with the aim of a full implementation of EGR on a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT).

Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Humidified Flexible Micro Gas Turbines for Carbon Capture Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Marina Montero Carrero ◽  
Simone Giorgetti ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Svend Bram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

From all fossil fuels, natural gas has the lowest carbon to hydrogen ratio, which enables Gas Turbines (GTs) running on natural gas to produce electricity with the lowest CO2 emissions per produced kWh. These lower emissions have pushed power production towards natural gas. However, if we want to move towards a carbon clean power production, the carbon in the exhaust must be captured. This leads to a major challenge since the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust of a GT makes carbon capture much more expensive compared to coal fired power production. The CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). However, EGR on GT cycles negatively affects the efficiency. Using the concept of Humid Air Turbine (HAT), we investigate whether the efficiency losses can be compensated by introducing water in the cycle. This paper presents this novel approach by showing the impact of EGR on a flexible humidified micro Gas Turbine (mGT). It is based on results of simulations performed in Aspen® using the Turbec T100 mGT as reference case. Both the dry and wet operation of the Turbec T100 were simulated and validated with experimental results. For improved carbon capture, EGR was simulated in both the dry and the humidified mGT cycle. Simulation results indicate that EGR has no effect on the thermodynamic performance of the mGT and its components (compressor, turbine and recuperator), however efficiency is reduced significantly (up to 3.8% relative at nominal power output) because of additional losses to the fan blower installed to ensure the EGR. Additionally, the cycle performance strongly depends on the degree of cooling of the EGR stream before injection in the compressor inlet. Nevertheless, the simulation results also reveal that mGT humidification increases the total cycle efficiency, entirely compensating the EGR induced losses. Humidifying the mGT with EGR even leads to a higher electric efficiency than the standard mGT cycle, unlocking the idea of carbon capture in mGTs.

Application of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a DLN F-Class Combustion System for Postcombustion Carbon Capture

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. ElKady ◽  
Andrei Evulet ◽  
Anthony Brand ◽  
Tord Peter Ursin ◽  
Arne Lynghjem
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper describes experimental work performed at General Electric, Global Research Center to evaluate the performance and understand the risks of using dry low NOx (DLN) technologies in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions. Exhaust gas recirculation is viewed as an enabling technology for increasing the CO2 concentration of the flue gas while decreasing the volume of the postcombustion separation plant and therefore allowing a significant reduction in CO2 capture cost. A research combustor was developed for exploring the performance of nozzles operating in low O2 environment at representative pressures and temperatures. A series of experiments in a visually accessible test rig have been performed at gas turbine pressures and temperatures, in which inert gases such as N2/CO2 were used to vitiate the fresh air to the levels determined by cycle models. Moreover, the paper discusses experimental work performed using a DLN nozzle used in GE’s F-class heavy-duty gas turbines. Experimental results using a research combustor operating in a partially premixed mode include the effect of EGR on operability, efficiency, and emission performance under conditions of up to 40% EGR. Experiments performed in a fully premixed mode using a DLN single nozzle combustor revealed that further reductions in NOx could be achieved while at the same time still complying with CO emissions. While most existing studies concentrate on limitations related to the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC) at the combustor exit, we report the importance of CO2 levels in the oxidizer. This limitation is as important as the MOC, and it varies with the pressure and firing temperatures.

Numerical Study of a Micro Gas Turbine Integrated With a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle Turbine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Reale ◽  
Vincenzo Iannotta ◽  
Raffaele Tuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Integrated Energy System

The primary need of reducing pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions has led to new energy scenarios. The interest of research community is mainly focused on the development of energy systems based on renewable resources and energy storage systems and smart energy grids. In the latter case small scale energy systems can become of interest as nodes of distributed energy systems. In this context micro gas turbines (MGT) can play a key role thanks to their flexibility and a strategy to increase their overall efficiency is to integrate gas turbines with a bottoming cycle. In this paper the authors analyze the possibility to integrate a MGT with a super critical CO2 Brayton cycle turbine (sCO2 GT) as a bottoming cycle (BC). A 0D thermodynamic analysis is used to highlight opportunities and critical aspects also by a comparison with another integrated energy system in which the waste heat recovery (WHR) is obtained by the adoption of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). While ORC is widely used in case of middle and low temperature of the heat source, s-CO2 BC is a new method in this field of application. One of the aim of the analysis is to verify if this choice can be comparable with ORC for this operative range, with a medium-low value of exhaust gases and very small power values. The studied MGT is a Turbec T100P.

Overcoming CO2 Injector Well Design and Completion Challenges in a Carbonate Reservoir for World's First Offshore Carbon Capture Storage CCS SE Asia Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Picha ◽  
M. Azuan B. Abu Bakar ◽  
Parimal A. Patil ◽  
Faiz A. Abu Bakar ◽  
Debasis P. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Well Design

Abstract Oil & Gas Operators are focusing on zero carbon emission to comply with government's changing rules and regulations, which play an important role in the encouragement of carbon capture initiatives. This paper aims to give insights on the world's first offshore CCS project in carbonate reservoir, where wells will be drilled to inject CO2, and store produced CO2 from contaminated fields. To safeguard the storage containment, the integrity of all wells needs to be scrutinized. Development wells in the identified depleted gas field are more than 40 years old and were not designed with consideration of high CO2 concentration in the reservoir. In consequence, the possibility of well leakage due to accelerated corrosion channeling and cracks, along the wellbore cannot be ignored and require careful evaluation. Rigorous process has been adopted in assessing the feasibility for converting existing gas producers into CO2 injectors. The required defined basis of designs for gas producer and CO2 injection wells differs in a great extent and this governs the re-usability of wells for CO2 injection or necessity to be abandoned. Three (3) new CO2 injectors with fat to slim design approach, corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) material and CO2 resistant cement are designed in view to achieve lifecycle integrity. Optimum angle of 53 deg and maintaining the injection pressure of 50 bar at 90 MSCFD rate is required for the injection of supercritical CO2 for 20 years. During well execution, challenges such as anti-collision risk, total loss scenarios while drilling in Carbonate reservoir need to be addressed before execution. The completion design is also focusing on having minimal number of completion jewelries to reduce pressure differential and potential leak paths from tubing hangar down to the end of lower completion. The selection of downhole safety valve (TRSV) type is of high importance to accommodate CO2 phase attributes at different pressure/temperature. Fiber Optic is included for monitoring the migration of CO2 plume by acquiring seismic survey and for well integrity by analyzing DAS/DTS data.

Surrogate-Assisted Modeling and Robust Optimization of a Micro Gas Turbine Plant With Carbon Capture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Giorgetti ◽  
Diederik Coppitters ◽  
Francesco Contino ◽  
Ward De Paepe ◽  
Laurent Bricteux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nsga Ii

Abstract The growing share of wind and solar power in the total energy mix has caused severe problems in balancing the electrical power production. Consequently, in the future, all fossil fuel-based electricity generation will need to be run on a completely flexible basis. Micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) constitutes a mature technology which can offer such flexibility. Even though their greenhouse gas emissions are already very low, stringent carbon reduction targets will require them to be completely carbon neutral: this constraint implies the adoption of post-combustion Carbon Capture (CC) on these energy systems. To reduce the CC energy penalty, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) can be applied to the mGTs increasing the CO2 content in the exhaust gas and reducing the mass flow rate of flue gas to be treated. As a result, a lower investment and operational cost of the CC unit can be achieved. In spite of this attractive solution, an in-depth study along with a robust optimization of this system has not yet been carried out. Hence, in this paper, a typical mGT with EGR has been coupled with an amine-based CC plant and simulated using the software Aspen Plus®. A rigorous rate-based simulation of the CO2 absorption and desorption in the CC unit offers an accurate prediction; however, its time complexity and convergence difficulty are severe limitations for a stochastic optimization. Therefore, a surrogate-based optimization approach has been used, which makes use of a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model, trained using the Aspen Plus® data, to quickly find operating points of the plant at a very low computational cost. Using the validated surrogate model, a robust optimization using a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) has been carried out, assessing the influence of each input uncertainty and varying several design variables. As a general result, the analysed power plant proves to be intrinsically very robust, even when the input variables are affected by strong uncertainties.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Performance in Dry Low Emissions Combustors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Elkady ◽  
A. R. Brand ◽  
C. L. Vandervort ◽  
A. T. Evulet
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Gas Recirculation

In a carbon constrained world there is a need for capturing and sequestering CO2. Post-combustion carbon capture via Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is considered a feasible means of reducing emission of CO2 from power plants. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an enabling technology for increasing the CO2 concentration within the gas turbine cycle and allow the decrease of the size of the separation plant, which in turn will enable a significant reduction in CO2 capture cost. This paper describes the experimental work performed to better understand the risks of utilizing EGR in combustors employing dry low emissions (DLE) technologies. A rig was built for exploring the capability of premixers to operate in low O2 environment, and a series of experiments in a visually accessible test rig was performed at representative aeroderivative gas turbine pressures and temperatures. Experimental results include the effect of applying EGR on operability, efficiency and emissions performance under conditions of up to 40% EGR. Findings confirm the viability of EGR for enhanced CO2 capture; In addition, we confirm benefits of NOx reduction while complying with CO emissions in DLE combustors under low oxygen content oxidizer.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation in DLN F-Class Gas Turbines for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. ElKady ◽  
Andrei Evulet ◽  
Anthony Brand ◽  
Tord Peter Ursin ◽  
Arne Lynghjem
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper describes experimental work performed at General Electric, Global Research Center to evaluate the performance and understand the risks of using Dry Low NOx (DLN) technologies in Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conditions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is viewed as an enabling technology for increasing the CO2 concentration of the flue gas while decreasing the volume of the post-combustion separation plant and therefore allowing a significant reduction in CO2 capture cost. A research combustor was developed for exploring the performance of nozzles operating in low O2 environment at representative pressures and temperatures. A series of experiments in a visually accessible test rig have been performed at gas turbine pressures and temperatures, in which inert gases such as N2/CO2 were used to vitiate the fresh air to the levels determined by cycle models. Moreover, the paper will discuss experimental work performed using a DLN nozzle used in GE’s F-class heavy-duty gas turbines. Experimental results using a research combustor operating in partially premixed mode, incorporate the effect of applying EGR on operability, efficiency and emissions performance under conditions of up to 40% EGR. Experiments performed in fully premixed mode using DLN single nozzle combustor revealed that further reductions in NOx could be achieved and at the same time still complying with CO emissions. While most existing studies concentrate on limitations related to the Minimum Oxygen Concentration (MOC) at the combustor exit, we report the importance of CO2 levels in the oxidizer. This limitation is as important as the MOC and it varies with the pressure and firing temperatures.

Study of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burnes ◽  
Priyank Saxena ◽  
Paul Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The growing call of minimizing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitting from energy and transportation products will spur innovation to meet new stringent requirements while striving to preserve significant investments in the current infrastructure. This paper presents quantitative analysis of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on industrial gas turbines to enable carbon sequestration venturing towards emission free operation. This study will show the effect of using EGR on gas turbine performance and operation, combustion characteristics, and demonstrate potential hybrid solutions with detailed constituent accounting. Both single shaft and two shaft gas turbines for power generation and mechanically driven equipment are considered for application of this technology. One key element is assessing the combustion system operating at reduced O2 levels within the industrial gas turbine. With the gas turbine behavior operating with EGR defined at a reasonable operating state, a parametric study shows rates of CO2 sequestration along with quantifying supplemental O2 required at the inlet, if needed, to sustain combustion. With rates of capture known, a further exploration is examined reviewing potential utilities, monetizing these sequestered constituents. Ultimately, the objective is to preview a potential future of operating industrial gas turbines in a non-emissive and in some cases carbon negative manner while still using hydrocarbon fuel.

A Thermal Mixing Scheme for Portable Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanaka ◽  
Z. Spakovszky
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Mass Flow Ratio

To meet the increasing demand for advanced portable power units, for example for use in personal electronics and robotics, a number of studies have recently focused on small gas turbine units in the 500 W to 1 kW range. The majority of the work to date is concerned with the design of efficient high-speed rotating machinery and electric components. An important aspect, especially critical for portable operation, is the cooling of the gas turbine and the exhaust gas. This is the focus of the present paper. The compact and small-scale architecture of such gas turbine engines poses major challenges in the thermal management as the required cooling mass flow for portable operation is relatively large and the flow mixing length is short and constrained by package size considerations. Previously, a mixer/ejector based cooling scheme was proposed and vortex generator rings and multi-walled ejector configurations were experimentally investigated with the goal to enhance the mixing of the exhaust gas with cooling flow [1]. Although the augmentations achieved a satisfactory cooling mass flow ratio of 16.8:1, hot spots still existed at the exit of the relatively long mixer duct due to the high area-ratio of the ejector configuration. To overcome this mixing challenge, an alternative cooling scheme was conceived. In this scheme, the hot exhaust gas flow is forced radially outward through a perforated cylindrical liner into the cooling air flow surrounding the exhaust duct. The concept resembles that of an inverted dilution liner where the hot exhaust gas is injected into the much larger cooling mass flow. The hypothesis is that the array of streamwise vortices formed by the hot jets reduces the mixing length and significantly mitigates the temperature non-uniformity. The design space was first explored using a control volume (CV) analysis and the performance of the proposed device and the detailed flow features were investigated using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The computations demonstrate enhanced mixing which reduces the turbine exhaust gas temperature of 630°C to a temperature distribution below 75°C at the mixer exit, comparable to the temperature levels and non-uniformity of a commercial hand dryer. The cooling mass flow ratio and required cooling fan power were 15.4 and 1.9% of engine power output respectively. Flow mixing guidelines were established together with a concept mixer configuration, generally applicable to small scale gas turbine devices.

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