Model-Based Analysis of a Combined Heat and Power System Featuring a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine With On-Site Hydrogen Production and Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Björn Roscher ◽  
Ralf Schelenz ◽  
Georg Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power System ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Abstract Hydrogen-fired gas turbines have the potential to play an important role in decarbonized energy sectors. However, a demand-oriented supply of CO2-neutral hydrogen for the operation of gas turbines is technically and economically challenging. These challenges mainly arise due to various interdependencies between the volatility of renewable power generation, available hydrogen production capacities, available hydrogen storage capacities and the operational demands to be met by gas turbines. The present study aims to quantify these interdependencies by conducting a detailed model-based analysis of an exemplary combined heat and power system featuring a hydrogen-fired industrial gas turbine with on-site hydrogen production via electrolysis and on-site hydrogen storage in pressure vessels. In order to identify the sought-after interdependencies, simulation runs featuring various combinations of available hydrogen production and storage capacities are analyzed. If only local power surpluses are utilized for the electrolysis, the obtained results reveal a strong non-linear impact of both the hydrogen production capacity and the storage capacity on the ability to provide hydrogen for the gas turbine. Furthermore, the results indicate that an exclusive utilization of local power surpluses leads to very limited periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation and low utilization rates of the available hydrogen production and storage capacities. If additional power for the operation of electrolyzers is supplied by the grid, increased utilization rates and prolonged periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation can be achieved. However, in order to realize an overall reduction of CO2 emissions, this mode of operation requires the supply of large quantities of renewable power by the grid. Furthermore, the results of an additional economic analysis reveal that both investigated operational modes are currently not economically viable within the considered economic framework.

Model-Based Analysis of a Combined Heat and Power System Featuring a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine with On-Site Hydrogen Production and Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Björn Roscher ◽  
Ralf Schelenz ◽  
Georg Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Abstract Hydrogen-fired gas turbines can play an important role in carbon neutral energy and industry sectors. However, the required demand-oriented supply of CO2-neutral hydrogen is technically and economically challenging. These challenges arise due to interdependencies between the volatility of renewable power generation, available hydrogen production capacities, available hydrogen storage capacities and the operational demands to be met by gas turbines. The present study aims to quantify these interdependencies by conducting a model-based analysis of an exemplary CHP system featuring a hydrogen-fired industrial gas turbine with on-site hydrogen production via electrolysis and on-site hydrogen storage. To identify the sought-after interdependencies, simulation runs featuring various system parameterizations are analyzed. If only local power surpluses are utilized for the operation of electrolyzers, the results show a non-linear impact of both the hydrogen production capacity and the hydrogen storage capacity on the hydrogen-based gas turbine operation. Furthermore, the results indicate that an exclusive utilization of local power surpluses leads to limited periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation. If additional power for the operation of electrolyzers is supplied by the grid, prolonged periods of hydrogen-based gas turbine operation can be achieved. However, to realize an overall reduction of CO2 emissions, this mode of operation requires the supply of large quantities of renewable power by the grid. The results of an additional economic assessment reveal that both investigated operational modes are not economically viable within the considered economic framework.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hydrogen Production and Storage System for the On-Site Fuel Supply of Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Tobias Sieker ◽  
Manfred Wirsum
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Hydrogen-fired gas turbines have the potential to play an important role in future CO2-neutral energy and industry sectors. A prerequisite for the operation of hydrogen-fired gas turbines is the availability of sufficient quantities of hydrogen. The combination of electrolysis and renewable power generation is currently considered the most relevant pathway for the large-scale production of CO2-neutral hydrogen. Regarding the fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines, this pathway is associated with various technical and economic challenges. This applies in particular to configurations in which electrolyzers and hydrogen storage capacities are installed directly at gas turbine sites to avoid hydrogen transport. Considering an exemplary system configuration, the present study extends prior model-based investigations by focusing on the economic viability of the on-site fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines. The impact of various design parameters and operational strategies is analyzed using the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen as the main economic indicator. The study reveals that the investigated on-site hydrogen production is not economically viable within the current (2019) framework of the German energy sector. Assuming the extensive availability of renewable power generation in the long-term, additional investigations indicate that on-site hydrogen production and storage systems for gas turbines could potentially become economically viable if various advantageous conditions are met. These conditions include a sufficient availability of inexpensive renewable power for the operation of electrolyzers as well as a sufficient utilization of on-site hydrogen storage capacities to justify corresponding capital expenditures.

Techno-economic Analysis of a Hydrogen Production and Storage System for the On-site Fuel Supply of Hydrogen-fired Gas Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Tobias Sieker ◽  
Manfred Wirsum
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Hydrogen-fired gas turbines have the potential to play an important role in future CO2-neutral energy and industry sectors. A prerequisite for the operation of hydrogen-fired gas turbines is the availability of sufficient quantities of hydrogen. The combination of electrolysis and renewable power generation is currently considered the most relevant pathway for the large-scale production of CO2-neutral hydrogen. Regarding the fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines, this pathway is associated with various technical and economic challenges. This applies in particular to configurations in which electrolyzers and hydrogen storage capacities are installed directly at gas turbine sites to avoid hydrogen transport. Considering an exemplary system configuration, the present study extends prior model-based investigations by focusing on the economic viability of the on-site fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines. The impact of various design parameters and operational strategies is analyzed using the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen as the main economic indicator. The study reveals that the investigated on-site hydrogen production is not economically viable within the current (2019) framework of the German energy sector. Assuming the extensive availability of renewable power generation in the long-term, additional investigations indicate that on-site hydrogen production and storage systems for gas turbines could potentially become economically viable if various advantageous conditions are met. These conditions include a sufficient availability of inexpensive renewable power for the operation of electrolyzers as well as a sufficient utilization of on-site hydrogen storage capacities to justify corresponding capital expenditures.

Model-Based Analysis of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) System for the Operation of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason John Dennis ◽  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Nils Petersen ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Patrick Preuster
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Abstract One of the main challenges currently hindering the transition to energy systems based on renewable power generation is grid stability. To compensate for the volatility of wind- and solar-based power generation, storage facilities able to adapt to seasonal and short term differences in energy production and demand are required. Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) represent a viable method of chemically binding elemental hydrogen, offering opportunities for largescale and safe energy storage. In times of energy shortage, flexible and dispatchable power generation technologies such as gas turbines can be fueled by hydrogen stored in this manner. Hydrogen can be released from its liquid carrier via an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction using waste heat provided by the gas turbine. This gaseous hydrogen can be supplied to the gas turbine combustion chamber using a hydrogen compressor. In the present study a steady state model is developed in order to analyse the heat-integrated combination of a 7.7 MW hydrogen-fired gas turbine and a H18-DBT/H0-DBT LOHC system. For the best-performing parameter set the effective storage density of the LOHC oil comes to 1.5 kWh/L. This value is situated in-between that of compressed hydrogen at 350 bar (1.01 kWh/L) and liquid hydrogen (2.33 kWh/L). Concurrently, the corresponding energy required for hydrogen compression reduces the overall system efficiency to 22.00 % (ηGT = 30.15%). The resulting optimal electricity yield, being a product of these two values, amounts to 0.33 kWhel/L.

Analysis of gas turbine combined heat and power system for carbon capture installation of coal-fired power plant

Energy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Chmielniak ◽  
Sebastian Lepszy ◽  
Katarzyna Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Combined Heat And Power

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Powered Campus Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (05) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Educational Benefits ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The University

An updated report is given on the University of Connecticut’s gas turbine combined heat and power plant, now in operation for 13 years after its start in 2006. It has supplied the Storrs Campus with all of its electricity, heating and cooling needs, using three gas turbines that are the heart of the CHP plant. In addition to saving more than $180 million over its projected 40 year life, the CHP plant provides educational benefits for the University.

Combined Heat and Power: Gas Turbine Operational Flexibility

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiCampli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
National Fire Protection Association ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Gas Fuel

Combined heat and power (CHP) is an application that utilizes the exhaust heat generated from a gas turbine and converts it into a useful energy source for heating & cooling, or additional electric generation in combined cycle configurations. Compared to simple-cycle plants with no heat recovery, CHP plants emit fewer greenhouse gasses and other emissions, while generating significantly more useful energy per unit of fuel consumed. Clean plants are easier to permit, build and operate. Because of these advantages, projections show CHP capacity is expected to double and account for 24% of global electricity production by 2030. An aeroderivative power plant has distinct advantages to meet CHP needs. These include high thermal efficiency, low cost, easy installation, proven reliability, compact design for urban areas, simple operation and maintenance, fuel flexibility, and full power generation in a very short time period. There has been extensive discussion and analyses on modifying purge requirements on cycling units for faster dispatch. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has required an air purge of downstream systems prior to startup to preclude potentially flammable or explosive conditions. The auto ignition temperature of natural gas fuel is around 800°F. Experience has shown that if the exhaust duct contains sufficient concentrations of captured gas fuel, and is not purged, it can ignite immediately during light off causing extensive damage to downstream equipment. The NFPA Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code Committee have developed new procedures to safely provide for a fast-start capability. The change in the code was issued in the 2011 Edition of NFPA 85 and titled the Combustion Turbine Purge Credit. For a cycling plant and hot start conditions, implementation of purge credit can reduce normal start-to-load by 15–30 minutes. Part of the time saving is the reduction of the purge time itself, and the rest is faster ramp rates due to a higher initial temperature and pressure in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This paper details the technical analysis and implementation of the NFPA purge credit recommendations on GE Power and Water aeroderivative gas turbines. This includes the hardware changes, triple block and double vent valve system (or drain for liquid fuels), and software changes that include monitoring and alarms managed by the control system.

Aeroderivative Combined Heat and Power Fundementals and Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiCampli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Draft Guidance ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Combined heat and power (CHP), is an application that utilizes the exhaust heat generated from a gas turbine and converts it into a useful energy source for heating & cooling, or additional electric generation in combined cycle configurations. Compared to simple-cycle plants with no heat recovery, CHP plants emit fewer greenhouse gasses and other emissions, while generating significantly more useful energy per unit of fuel consumed. Clean plants are easier to permit, build and operate. Because of these advantages, Aeroderivative gas turbines will be a major part of global CHP growth, particularly in China. In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, China is working to build ∼1000 new plants of Natural Gas Distributed Energy System (NG-DES) in the next five years. These plants will replace conventional coal-fired plants with combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems. China power segments require an extensive steam supply for cooling, heating and industrial process steam demands, as well as higher peak loads due to high population densities and manufacturing growth rates. GE Energy Aero recently entered the CCHP segment in China, and supported the promotion of codes and standards for NG-DES policy, and is developing optimized CCHP gas turbine packages to meet requirements. This paper reviews those policies and requirements, and presents technical case studies on CCHP applications. Appendix B highlights China’s draft “Guidance Opinions on Developing Natural-Gas Distributed Energy.”

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