Metamaterial Window Glass for Adaptable Energy Efficiency

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Heltzel ◽  
Tyler Mann ◽  
John R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Window Design ◽  
Difference Time

A computational analysis of a metamaterial (MTM) window design is presented for the purpose of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings in seasonal or cold climates. Commercial low-emissivity windows use nanometer-scale Ag films to reflect infrared energy, while retaining most transmission of optical wavelengths for functionality. An opportunity exists to further increase efficiency through a variable emissivity implementation of Ag thin-film structures. 3-D finite-difference time-domain simulations predict nonlinear absorption of near-infrared energy, providing the means to capture a substantial portion of solar energy during cold periods. The effect of various configuration parameters is quantified, with prediction of the net sustainability advantage. MTM window glass technology can be realized as a modification to current, commercial low-emissivity windows through the application of nanomanufactured films, creating the opportunity for both new and after-market sustainable construction.

scholarly journals Metamaterial Window Glass

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Heltzel ◽  
Tyler Mann ◽  
John R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Dielectric Thin Film ◽  
Infrared Frequencies

A computational study of a metamaterial (MTM)-on-glass composite is presented for the purpose of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings in seasonal or cold climates. A full-spectrum analysis yields the ability to predict optical and thermal transmission properties from ultraviolet through far-infrared frequencies. An opportunity to increase efficiency beyond that of commercial low-emissivity glass is identified through a MTM implementation of Ag and dielectric thin-film structures. Three-dimensional finite difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations predict selective nonlinear absorption of near-infrared energy, providing the means to capture a substantial portion of solar energy during cold periods, while retaining high visible transmission and high reflectivity in far-infrared frequencies. The effect of various configuration parameters is quantified, with prediction of the net sustainability advantage. MTM window glass technology can be realized as a modification to commercial low-emissivity windows through the application of nanomanufactured films, creating the opportunity for both new and after-market sustainable construction.

Energy efficiency of near infrared cobalt luminscence in ZnSe:Co determined by a photoacoustic method

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł. Chrobak ◽  
M. Maliński ◽  
K. Strzałkowski ◽  
J. Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Photoacoustic Method ◽  
Infrared Luminescence ◽  
Amplitude Characteristics

AbstractThe paper presents results of computations of the energy efficiency of the cobalt luminescence in ZnSe:Co determined by the photoacoustic method. The transmission spectra, photoacoustic experimental and theoretical spectra, and the frequency dependence on the photoacoustic amplitude characteristics are presented. From them, the energy efficiency of Co2+ the near infrared luminescence (3200 nm) was computed in the frame of new proposed photoacoustic model of computations of the luminescence energy efficiency.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Construction

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
José Guadix Martín ◽  
Milica Lilic ◽  
Marina Rosales Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Construction

scholarly journals Results of the SiO Maser Survey of the Galactic Bulge IRAS Sources

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
S. Deguchi ◽  
N. Ukita ◽  
H. Izumiura ◽  
T. Ono ◽  
Y. Nakada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Galactic Bulge ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Dust Extinction ◽  
Optical Wavelengths

Evidence for the bar structure in our Galaxy has been shown by Blitz and Spergel (1991b) based on the near-infrared maps of the bulge, by Nakada et al. (1991) based on IRAS point source catalogue, and more clearly by recent COBE maps. However, no clear “dynamical” signature of the bulge bar has been found yet. At optical wavelengths, stellar radial velocities of the bulge stars were observed only at the optical windows and were not observed for the entire region of the bulge because of the dust extinction in this direction.

scholarly journals The explosion sites of nearby supernovae seen with integral field spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
Hanindyo Kuncarayakti
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Integral Field Spectroscopy ◽  
Field Spectroscopy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Integral Field

AbstractIntegral field spectroscopy of nearby supernova sites within ~30 Mpc have been obtained using multiple IFU spectrographs in Hawaii and Chile. This technique enables both spatial and spectral information of the explosion sites to be acquired simultaneously, thus providing the identification of the parent stellar population of the supernova progenitor and the estimates for its physical parameters including age and metallicity via the spectrum. While this work has mainly been done in the optical wavelengths using instruments such as VIMOS, GMOS, and MUSE, a near-infrared approach has also been carried out using the AO-assisted SINFONI. By studying the supernova parent stellar population, we aim to characterize the mass and metallicity of the progenitors of different types of supernovae.

scholarly journals Type Ia supernova Hubble diagram with near-infrared and optical observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. A45 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stanishev ◽  
A. Goobar ◽  
R. Amanullah ◽  
B. Bassett ◽  
Y. T. Fantaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Hubble Diagram ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Band Maximum ◽  
Nonlinear Part ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Optical Wavelengths

Context. Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) have been used as standardizable candles in the optical wavelengths to measure distances with an accuracy of ~7% out to redshift z ~ 1.5. There is evidence that in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths SNe Ia are even better standard candles, however, NIR observations are much more time-consuming. Aims. We aim to test whether the NIR peak magnitudes could be accurately estimated with only a single observation obtained close to maximum light, provided that the time of B band maximum, the B − V color at maximum and the optical stretch parameter are known. Methods. We present multi-epoch UBV RI and single-epoch J and H photometric observations of 16 SNe Ia in the redshift range z = 0.037 − 0.183, doubling the leverage of the current SN Ia NIR Hubble diagram and the number of SNe beyond redshift 0.04. This sample was analyzed together with 102 NIR and 458 optical light curves (LCs) of normal SNe Ia from the literature. Results. The analysis of 45 NIR LCs with well-sampled first maximum shows that a single template accurately describes the LCs if its time axis is stretched with the optical stretch parameter. This allows us to estimate the peak NIR magnitudes of SNe with only few observations obtained within ten days from B-band maximum. The NIR Hubble residuals show weak correlation with ΔM15 and the color excess E(B − V), and for the first time we report a potential dependence on the Jmax − Hmax color. With these corrections, the intrinsic NIR luminosity scatter of SNe Ia is estimated to be ~0.10 mag, which is smaller than what can be derived for a similarly heterogeneous sample at optical wavelengths. Analysis of both NIR and optical data shows that the dust extinction in the host galaxies corresponds to a low RV ≃ 1.8–1.9. Conclusions. We conclude that SNe Ia are at least as good standard candles in the NIR as in the optical and are potentially less affected by systematic uncertainties. We extended the NIR SN Ia Hubble diagram to its nonlinear part at z ~ 0.2 and confirmed that it is feasible to accomplish this result with very modest sampling of the NIR LCs, if complemented by well-sampled optical LCs. With future facilities it will be possible to extend the NIR Hubble diagram beyond redshift z ≃ 1, and our results suggest that the most efficient way to achieve this would be to obtain a single observation close to the NIR maximum.

Near infrared spectroscopy of protostars

1981 ◽  
Vol 303 (1480) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Orion Nebula ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Vibrational Bands ◽  
Optical Wavelengths

Observational study of protostars and their immediate environs has recently become possible as a result of advances in infrared spectroscopy, especially in the near infrared (A = 2—5 pm). Although such stars are totally obscured at optical wavelengths by the enshrouding dust and gas from which they formed, the near infrared spectroscopy has yielded detection of emission lines from both ionized gas and high excitation molecular gas ( T >2000 K) probably within a few astronomical units of several such sources (e.g. the BN object in the Orion nebula). The former lines provide the first constraints on the spectral type and temperature of the protostar; the latter reveal the physical conditions (density and temperature) and gas dynamics in the immediate protostellar nebula. . Data on the BN object covering the CO, 13 CO, and H 2 vibrational bands and the H II lines are presented as an illustration of these techniques.

Photonic Crystals at Near-Infrared and Optical Wavelengths

2001 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Dielectric Spheres ◽  
Silver Spheres ◽  
Photonic Band ◽  
Complete Photonic Band Gap

ABSTRACTAs demonstrated for the example of a diamond and zinc blende structure of dielectric spheres, small inclusions of a low absorbing metal with the volume fraction can have a fm dramatic effect on a complete photonic band gap (CPBG) between the 2nd-3rd bands. For example, in the case of silica coated silver spheres, the CPBG opens for 1:1% and fm exceeds 5% for 2:5%. Consequently, any dielectric material can be used to fabricate fm a photonic crystal with a sizeable and robust CPBG in three dimensions. Absorption in the CPBG of 5% remains very small ( 2:6% for 750 nm). The structure enjoys almost perfect scaling, enabling one to scale the CPBG from microwaves down to ultraviolet wavelengths.

scholarly journals First intercalibration of column-averaged methane from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1355-1379
Author(s):  
F. Forster ◽  
R. Sussmann ◽  
M. Rettinger ◽  
N. M. Deutscher ◽  
D. W. T. Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Calibration Factor ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Time

Abstract. We present the intercalibration of dry-air column-averaged mole fractions of methane (XCH4) retrieved from solar FTIR measurements of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) in the mid-infrared (MIR) versus near-infrared (NIR) soundings from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The study uses multi-annual quasi-coincident MIR and NIR measurements from the stations Garmisch, Germany (47.48° N, 11.06° E, 743 m a.s.l.) and Wollongong, Australia (34.41° S, 150.88° E, 30 m a.s.l.). Direct comparison of the retrieved MIR and NIR time series shows a phase shift in XCH4 seasonality, i.e. a significant time-dependent bias leading to a standard deviation (stdv) of the difference time series (NIR-MIR) of 8.4 ppb. After eliminating differences in a prioris by using ACTM-simulated profiles as a common prior, the seasonalities of the (corrected) MIR and NIR time series agree within the noise (stdv = 5.2 ppb for the difference time series). The difference time series (NIR-MIR) do not show a significant trend. Therefore it is possible to use a simple scaling factor for the intercalibration without a time-dependent linear or seasonal component. Using the Garmisch and Wollongong data together, we obtain an overall calibration factor MIR/NIR = 0.9926(18). The individual calibration factors per station are 0.9940(14) for Garmisch and 0.9893(40) for Wollongong. They agree within their error bars with the overall calibration factor which can therefore be used for both stations. Our results suggest that after applying the proposed intercalibration concept to all stations performing both NIR and MIR measurements, it should be possible to obtain one refined overall intercalibration factor for the two networks. This would allow to set up a harmonized NDACC and TCCON XCH4 data set which can be exploited for joint trend studies, satellite validation, or the inverse modeling of sources and sinks.

Photonic Crystals at Near-Infrared and Optical Wavelengths

2001 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Dielectric Spheres ◽  
Silver Spheres ◽  
Photonic Band ◽  
Complete Photonic Band Gap

AbstractAs demonstrated for the example of a diamond and zinc blende structure of dielectric spheres, small inclusions of a low absorbing metal with the volume fraction fm can have a dramatic effect on a complete photonic band gap (CPBG) between the 2nd-3rd bands. For example, in the case of silica coated silver spheres, the CPBG opens for fm ≍ 1.1% and exceeds 5% for fm ≍ 2.5%. Consequently, any dielectric material can be used to fabricate a photonic crystal with a sizeable and robust CPBG in three dimensions. Absorption in the CPBG of 5% remains very small (≤ 2.6% for λ ≥ 750 nm). The structure enjoys almost perfect scaling, enabling one to scale the CPBG from microwaves down to ultraviolet wavelengths.

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